atmospheric effect
DESCRIPTION
The atmospheric effect Presentation by nasir abbas golviTRANSCRIPT
ATMOSPHERIC EFFECT
PRESENTATION BY NASIR ABBAS GOLVI
We will discus about these topics.
Condensation And Precipitation. Air Masses. Storms. Atmospheric Pollution. Climate And Pollution.
Atmospheric EffectsThe lower atmosphere (troposphere) is dynamic,
resulting in frequent weather changesThe movements and interactions of large air
masses bring variations to our weatherLarge air masses can move thousands of miles
and influence a region for a considerable time period
CondensationWater droplets do not
form randomly, but form around microscopic foreign particles called hygroscopic nuclei present in the air
Hygroscopic nuclei may consist of dust, smoke, soot, salt, or other small airborne particles
If the proper type/size of airborne particles are not present, condensation may not occur or will be retarded
Precipitation
When condensation does occur, the tiny droplets are formed in updrafts and are easily suspended as a cloud
Precipitation requires larger drops to form
Two processes are thought to be responsible for the formation of drops large enough to fall Coalescence The Bergeron process
Coalescence – the formation of larger drops by the collision of
droplets
Coalescence
The Bergeron Process The Bergeron process
involves three essential components Ice crystals in the upper
portion of the cloud Supper cooled vapor in
the lower portion of the cloud
Mixing or agitation brings the ice crystals in contact with the supper cooled vapor
Types of Precipitation Precipitation
occurs in the form of rain,
snow,, hail, or fog
Hailstones If the convection cells in the
thunderstorms are powerful enough, hailstones can become quite large
Air MassesAir mass – a large body of air that
takes on physical characteristics that distinguish it from the surrounding air
The main physical characteristics the distinguish an air mass are temperature and moisture content
Storms Storm – an atmospheric disturbance that may
develop within a single air mass or may develop along the frontal boundary of air
masses There re different types of storms.
rainstorms, thunderstorms, ice storms, snowstorms, and tornadoes
Lightning and ThunderA lightning flash travels at the speed
of 300,000 km/s (speed of light)Thunder is a sound and only travels
at a speed of approximately 1/3 km/s
(1/5 mi/s)
Atmospheric PollutionPollution – any atypical contributions
to the environment resulting from the activities of humans
Air pollution is primarily the result of products of combustion and industrial processes that are released into the atmosphere
Releasing waste gases and particulates into the atmosphere has long been practiced
Air Pollution Sources The major source of air
pollution is due to the combustion of fossil fuels – coal, oil, and
gas Increased amounts of
CO2 in the atmosphere lead to increased
acidity Pollution and increased
acidity of the rain results in statues and
other structures undergoing
increased/accelerated corrosion
Pollution and Climate It is generally accepted by most scientists that the global climate is also being affected by atmospheric
pollution CO2 and other “greenhouse gases,”
particulate emissions, and the resulting global cloud cover all affect the Earth’s also
Scientists are trying to understand climate changes by using various models
Climate models give scientists the opportunity to compare theories and use historical data to study the interrelationships between the Earth’s atmosphere and other factors
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