atom

element

molecule

compounds

cell

NaClCO2

C6H12O6

smallest unit of matter that

retains its chemical

properties

smallest unit of matter that

retains its chemical

properties

a substance made up of only

one type of atom (periodic table of

elements)

a substance made up of only

one type of atom (periodic table of

elements)

bonding between atoms of

1 or more elements; smallest

unit of a compound

bonding between atoms of

1 or more elements; smallest

unit of a compound

Chemicalcombination of

two ormore elements in

definite proportions

Chemicalcombination of

two ormore elements in

definite proportions

collection of compounds &

organelles forming a living unit;

smallest unit of an organism that can

be considered living

collection of compounds &

organelles forming a living unit;

smallest unit of an organism that can

be considered living

molecular levels of organization from smallest to

cell

molecular levels of organization from smallest to

cell

organelles

e

CC HH NN OO PP SS

Carbon NitrogenOxygenPhosphorusSulfurHydrogen

ORGANIC compounds contain a carbon-hydrogen bond (C6H12O6,

CH4)

ORGANIC compounds contain a carbon-hydrogen bond (C6H12O6,

CH4)

INORGANIC compounds do not contain a carbon-hydrogen bonds

(CO2, H2O)

INORGANIC compounds do not contain a carbon-hydrogen bonds

(CO2, H2O)

lipidlipid

carbohydrate

carbohydrate

protein

protein

nucleic acid

nucleic acid

waterwater

most abundant inorganic

compound in living things

most cellular processes take place

in water solutions

excellent solvent (substances dissolve

in water)

CO2CO2

Examples of Examples of polysaccharides polysaccharides starches (bread, starches (bread, pasta),cellulose pasta),cellulose (plant cell walls) (plant cell walls)

and sucrose.and sucrose.

Examples of Examples of polysaccharides polysaccharides starches (bread, starches (bread, pasta),cellulose pasta),cellulose (plant cell walls) (plant cell walls)

and sucrose.and sucrose.

Monosaccharides Monosaccharides are the monomers are the monomers

basic building basic building blocks of blocks of

carbohydrates.carbohydrates.

Monosaccharides Monosaccharides are the monomers are the monomers

basic building basic building blocks of blocks of

carbohydrates.carbohydrates.Examples of Examples of

monosaccharides monosaccharides are glucose and are glucose and

fructose.fructose.

Examples of Examples of monosaccharides monosaccharides are glucose and are glucose and

fructose.fructose.

H

CH2OH

OO

HH

HH OH

OHOH

HHHHH

OH OH

C

C

C

C

C

ring ring shaped shaped moleculmolecul

ee

ring ring shaped shaped moleculmolecul

ee

Polysaccharides Polysaccharides are made of long are made of long

chains of chains of monosaccharides.monosaccharides.

Polysaccharides Polysaccharides are made of long are made of long

chains of chains of monosaccharides.monosaccharides.

Major energy Major energy sourcesource

Major energy Major energy sourcesource

made up of glycerol and fatty

acids

made up of glycerol and fatty

acids

function in function in hormones and cell hormones and cell membrane and for membrane and for

energy storageenergy storage

function in function in hormones and cell hormones and cell membrane and for membrane and for

energy storageenergy storage

examples: fats, examples: fats, oils, waxesoils, waxes

and steroidsand steroids

examples: fats, examples: fats, oils, waxesoils, waxes

and steroidsand steroids

contain C, H, Ocontain C, H, Ocontain C, H, Ocontain C, H, O

water water insolubleinsolublewater water

insolubleinsolubleclassified as classified as saturated or saturated or unsaturatedunsaturated

classified as classified as saturated or saturated or unsaturatedunsaturated

EnzymesEnzymes are are proteins which proteins which

function to function to control the rate control the rate

of chemical of chemical reactions.reactions.

EnzymesEnzymes are are proteins which proteins which

function to function to control the rate control the rate

of chemical of chemical reactions.reactions.

complex organic compounds made up of amino acids,

needed for the body to function

properly

complex organic compounds made up of amino acids,

needed for the body to function

properly

examples: examples: muscles, hair, muscles, hair, cartilage, nailscartilage, nails

examples: examples: muscles, hair, muscles, hair, cartilage, nailscartilage, nails

contain C, O, H, contain C, O, H, N N and usually Sand usually S

contain C, O, H, contain C, O, H, N N and usually Sand usually S

image credit: U.S. Department of Energy Human Genome Program, http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/graphics/slides/images/ras.gif

3D protein structure

examples: DNA and examples: DNA and RNARNA

examples: DNA and examples: DNA and RNARNA

contain C, H, N, O, Pcontain C, H, N, O, Pcontain C, H, N, O, Pcontain C, H, N, O, P

sugar

phosphate

nitrogen

base

nucleotide

store genetic store genetic information, help to information, help to

make proteinsmake proteins

store genetic store genetic information, help to information, help to

make proteinsmake proteins

made up of nucleotides made up of nucleotides containing a sugar, containing a sugar,

phosphate and a N-basephosphate and a N-base

made up of nucleotides made up of nucleotides containing a sugar, containing a sugar,

phosphate and a N-basephosphate and a N-base

What is the monomer (subunit) for carbohydrates?

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Name examples of carbohydrates.

monosaccharide (simple sugars)

major energy source, energy storage (short-term), structure or support

glucose, starch, cellulose

What are the molecules that make up lipids?

What are the functions of lipids?

Name examples of lipids.

glycerol and fatty acids

energy storage (long-term), make up the cell membrane and hormones

fats, oils, waxes

What is the monomer (subunit) for protein?

What are the functions of protein?

Name examples of proteins.

amino acids

need for body to function properly, structure or support; enzymes speed up chemical reactions

muscles, hair, cartilage, nails

What is the monomer (subunit) for nucleic acids?

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

Name examples of nucleic acid.

nucleotides

store genetic information, help to make proteins

DNA, RNA

What are the compounds in a nucleotide?

sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base