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The Halogens(Atomic Structure and Uses)

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Fluorine (F)

Name:Fluorine

Symbol:F

Atomic Number:9Atomic Mass:18.998404 amu

Melting Point:-219.62 C

Boiling Point:-188.14 C

Number of Protons/Electrons:9

Number of Neutrons:10

Number of Energy Levels:2

Colour:Greenish

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Fluorine (F)

Date of Discovery:1886

Discoverer:Joseph Henri Moissan

Name Origin:From the Latin word fluo(flow)

Uses:Refrigerants

Obtained From:mineral fluorite

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Chlorine (Cl)

Name:Chlorine

Symbol:Cl

Atomic Number:17Atomic Mass:35.4527 amu

Melting Point:-100.98 C

Boiling Point:-34.6 C

Number of Protons/Electrons:17

Number of Neutrons:18Number of Energy Levels:3

Colour:Light green

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Chlorine (Cl)

Date of Discovery:1774

Discoverer:Carl Wilhelm ScheeleName Origin:From the Greek

word khlros(green)

Uses:Water purification, bleaches

Obtained From:Salt

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Bromine (Br)

Name:Bromine

Symbol:Br

Atomic Number:35Atomic Mass:79.904 amu

Melting Point:-7.2 C

Boiling Point:58.78 C

Number of Protons/Electrons:35Number of Neutrons:45

Number of Energy Levels:4

Colour:Dark red

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Bromine (Br)

Date of Discovery:1826

Discoverer:Antoine J. BalardName Origin:From the Greek

word brmos(stench)

Uses:Poisonous

Obtained From:Sea Water

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Iodine (I)

Name:Iodine

Symbol:I

Atomic Number:53Atomic Mass:126.90447 amu

Melting Point:113.5 C

Boiling Point:184.0 C

Number of Protons/Electrons:53Number of Neutrons:74

Number of Energy Levels:5

Colour:Purple black

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Iodine (I)

Date of Discovery:1811

Discoverer:Bernard Courtois

Name Origin:From the Greek

word ides(violet)

Uses:required in humans

Obtained From:sodium and potassium

compounds

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Astatine (At)

Name:Astatine

Symbol:At

Atomic Number:85Atomic Mass:(210.0) amu

Melting Point:302.0 C

Boiling Point:337.0 C

Number of Protons/Electrons:85Number of Neutrons:125

Number of Energy Levels:6

Colour:Presumed very dark

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Astatine (At)

Date of Discovery:1940

Discoverer:D.R. Corson

Name Origin:From the Greek

word astatos(unstable)

Uses:Medical diagnosis

Obtained From:Man-made

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Uses of Fluorine

The main use of fluorine is

toothpaste even though it isnt

as fluorine itself but instead as

fluoride, a compound of

fluorine.

Water treatmentExtraction of Aluminium

Non stick coatings

Enrichment of Uranium

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Uses of Chlorine

Chlorine is used mostly

to kill bacteria or as a

bleach. Chlorine bleaches

a piece of universal

indicator paper white.

Water disinfectionHydrochloric acid

Plastics

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Uses of Bromine

Bromine is one of the main

ingredients in camera films(as silver bromide).

Tear gas

Flame retardants

Pharmaceuticals

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Uses of Iodine

When dissolved in water, iodine

can be used as a strong antisepticor as a test for starch.

Halogen lamps

X ray diagnosis

Salt additive

Thyroid treatment

Cancer treatment

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Uses of Astatine

Astatine is studied by nuclear

scientists. Its high radioactivityrequires special handling

techniques and precautions

Thyroid treatment

Cancer treatment

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