atomic theory. the atom recall the atom is the smallest particle making up an element
TRANSCRIPT
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Atomic Theory
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The Atom Recall the atom is the smallest
particle making up an element
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Evolution of the AtomOur ideas about the nature of atoms have progressed over the last two centuries (and continue to develop today).
There are a few scientists who’s works have contributed to our current knowledge of the atom.
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JJ Thomson
Year 1900
Discovered the electron
Thomson proposed raisin bun model…
Described the atom as positively charged sphere of matter with negative electrons dispersed throughout
electrons=raisins, positive mass=dough
MODEL THOMSON (1900)
DIAGRAM
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Raisin Bun
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Ernest Rutherford
Year 1910
Rutherford proposed the nuclear model….
Described the atom as having a central positive nucleus (core) surrounded by negative orbiting electrons
MODEL RUTHERFORD (1910)
DIAGRAM
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Nuclear Model
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Proof?
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Rutherford’s Famous Gold Foil Experiment
A beam of positively charged alpha particles are aimed at a thin sheet of gold foil (source radioactive radium)
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Rutherford expected that the positive particles would pass through the sheet of gold foil since years earlier Thomson proposed that mass of the atom was evenly dispersed throughout the atom.
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MOST of the alpha particles did go straight through the gold foil with NO deflection.
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However a small hand full of particles were deflected from original path.
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This could only happen if the the particles hit something that had substantial mass and size and then bounced off at an angle.
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Rutherford’s experiment PROVED the presence of a dense, positively charged core called the nucleus which was surrounded by mostly empty space and orbiting electrons.
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Niels Bohr
Year 1911
Bohr proposed the planetary model….
Nucleus (core) contains protons and neutrons but electrons are located in specific regions around the nucleus
MODEL BOHR (1911)
DIAGRAM
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1.
Solar System
Like planets are at a defined distance from Sun
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In each of the 3 boxes on the lower half of your sheet, make the following headings:
location charge symbol mass
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Location Charge Symbol Mass
orbitals
negative
e-
1/1800 amu
Electron
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Location Charge Symbol Mass
nucleus
positive
p+
1 amu
Proton
1 atomic mass unit (amu) = 1.67 x -24 g
1 amu = 0.00000000000000000000000000000167 g
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Location Charge Symbol Mass
nucleus
neutron
n0
1 amu
Proton
1 atomic mass unit (amu) = 1.67 x -24 g