Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Ions

• Atom

• basic building block of all matter

• Element

•Substance that consists of only one type of atom.

•Molecule has two different atoms.

• Compound

• substance that consists of more than one type of

element.

• Ion

• substance that has a positive or negative charge

Atoms have:

• A nucleus• small, heavy part of the atom

•An electron cloud• large, lightweight part of the atom

Nucleus Electron Cloud

Nucleus of an AtomNucleus of an Atom

• Nucleus contains:

N

• Protons

• Have a positive charge• All atoms are distinguished by the number of protons it has (atomic number)

• Neutrons

• Have no charge• Have same mass as protons

N

N

e-

e-

Electron Cloud of an AtomElectron Cloud of an Atom

An electron cloud contains:

• Electrons

• determine bonding properties of substance

• have a very small mass compared to protons and neutrons

• orbit the nucleus of the atom

• are contained within shells of the electron cloud

• have a negative charge

Atom Structure

+1

-1

Electron

Proton

Neutron

+1

-1

Atomic number = number of protons = number of

electrons

Atomic mass =

number of protons + number of neutrons

Example :Element Symbol Atomic

numberAtomicMass

Number of

Protons

Number of

Neutrons

Number of

Electrons

Calcium Ca 20 40 20 20 20

Aluminum Al 13 27 13 14 13

Nickel Ni 28 59 28 31 28

Atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons

Atomic mass = number of protons + number of neutrons

Neutrons = atomic mass – number of protons

ElementsElementsElements contain one or more of the same type of atom!

Examples include:

Oxygen – 8 protons per atomOxygen – 8 protons per atom

Copper – 29 protons per atomCopper – 29 protons per atom

Gold – 79 protons per atomGold – 79 protons per atom

Carbon – 6 protons per atomCarbon – 6 protons per atom

Hydrogen – 1 proton per atomHydrogen – 1 proton per atom

Compounds contain more than one type of atom!Example of organic compound (a compound with carbon atoms):

Example of inorganic compound (a compound with no carbon atoms):

Carbon Dioxide – CO2 (1 atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen)

Water – H2O (2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen)

+ -

An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge!!

A particle with a neutral charge has the same number of protons and electrons.

An ion does not have the same number of electrons and protons.

• He+ - A helium atom that is missing one electron. The atom has one more proton than electron, and must have a positive charge.

•CO32- - Carbonate has two more electrons than protons

Examples of ions:

Lets take a look deep inside

Lets take a look deep inside

Lets take a look deep inside

Lets take a look deep inside

This is a Proton.

Positive Charge weighs ONE

Tells what type of atom it is

GIRL

This is a Proton.

Positive Charge weighs ONE

Tells what type of atom it is

GIRL

This is a Proton.

Positive Charge weighs ONE

Tells what type of atom it is

GIRL

This is a Proton.

Positive Charge weighs ONE

Tells what type of atom it is

GIRL

This is a Neutron No Charge, Weighs One

NUN (does not date)

This is a Proton.

Positive Charge weighs ONE

Tells what type of atom it is

GIRL

This is a Neutron No Charge, Weighs ONE

NUN (does not date)

This is an Electron No Weight Negative charge BOY

Element Guide

Element Guide

2

Element Guide

2

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

He

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

He

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

HeExplains name of the element.

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

HeExplains name of the element.

4

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

HeExplains name of the element.

4

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

HeExplains name of the element.

4Explains the total atomic weight-The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons. Atomic mass

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

HeExplains name of the element.

4Explains the total atomic weight-The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons.

Seatwork: Supply the blanks with the correct answer

Name of Element

Symbol Atomic Number

Atomic Mass

Number of

Protons

Number of Neutrons

Number of

Electrons

Fluorine F 10 9

Neon Ne 10 10

Lead Pb 207 82

Zinc Zn 30 35

Argon Ar 22 18

Answer: Supply the blanks with the correct answer

Name of Element

Symbol Atomic Number

Atomic Mass

Number of

Protons

Number of Neutrons

Number of

Electrons

Fluorine F 9 19 9 10 9

Neon Ne 10 20 10 10 10

Lead Pb 82 207 82 125 82

Zinc Zn 30 65 30 35 30

Argon Ar 18 40 18 22 18