atoms, elements & the periodic table pre-periodic table chemistry… was a mess! no organization...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ATOMS, E
LEMEN
TS &
THE
PERIO
DIC TA
BLE
![Page 2: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY…
was a mess!No organization of
elements.
Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization.
Difficult to find information.
Chemistry didn’t make sense.
![Page 3: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
I AM DMITRI MENDELEEV!
I made the PERIODIC TABLE !
![Page 4: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
HOW HIS WORKED…
Put elements in rows by increasing atomic weight.
Put elements in columns by the way they reacted.
FUN FACTS
He left blank spaces for what he said were undiscovered elements. (Turned out he was right!)
He broke the pattern of increasing atomic weight to keep similar reacting elements together.
DMITRI MENDELEEV:FATHER OF THE TABLE
![Page 5: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fam
ilies or G
roups
Periods
![Page 6: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
GROUPS OR FAMILIES…HERE’S WHERE THE PERIODIC TABLE GETS USEFUL!
Elements in the same group or family have similar chemical and physical properties!
(Mendeleev did that on purpose.)
![Page 7: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
FAMILIES ON THE PERIODIC TABLE
Columns are families or groups.
Families are typically one column.
Families all have names. (Just like your family has a common last name.)
![Page 8: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
HYDROGENHydrogen belongs
to a family of its own.
Hydrogen is a highly reactive gas.
Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg.
![Page 9: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ALKALI METALS
1st column on the periodic table (not including hydrogen)
Very reactive metals, always combined with something else in nature (like in salt).
Soft enough to cut with a butter knife
![Page 10: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ALKALINE EARTH METALSSecond column on the
periodic table.
Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature.
Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca)
![Page 11: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TRANSITION METALS
Elements in the center columns of the table
Less reactive harder metals
Includes metals used in jewelry and construction.
![Page 12: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
HALOGENS
Elements in second to last family
Very reactive nonmetals
Always found combined with other element(s) in nature
Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth
![Page 13: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
THE NOBLE GASES
Elements in last family
VERY unreactive gases
Used in lighted “neon” signs
![Page 14: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
WHAT’S IN AN ATOM OF A GIVEN ELEMENT?
An atom has three parts:Proton = positive (+)
chargeNeutron = no chargeElectron = negative (-)
charge
![Page 15: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
OPPOSITES ATTRACT
Positive charges, such as protons, are attracted to negative charges, such as electrons (opposites attract)
Like charges repel (positive charges repel other positive charges, and negative charges repel other negative charges)
![Page 16: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
WHAT’S IN AN ATOM?
• The protons & neutrons are found in the center of the atom in the nucleus.
• The electrons orbit the nucleus.
![Page 17: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER?
The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom
orThe number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of a neutral atom.
![Page 18: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER?
The atomic number is unique to that element. No two elements have the same atomic number.
![Page 19: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
KEY TO THE PERIODIC TABLE
Elements are organized on the table according to their atomic number, usually found near the top of the square.
![Page 20: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
WHAT IS THE MASS NUMBER?The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
THIS IS NOT ON THE PERIODIC TABLE! MASS NUMBER IS NOT ATOMIC MASS/WEIGHT!
![Page 21: ATOMS, ELEMENTS & THE PERIODIC TABLE PRE-PERIODIC TABLE CHEMISTRY… was a mess! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bf931a28abf838c8fdcf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
FOR ALL NEUTRAL ATOMS…
# of PROTONS = ATOMIC #
# of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC #
# of NEUTRONS = MASS # – ATOMIC #