ATP ProductionATP Production

A2 BiologyA2 Biology

StarterStarter

Complete the definition loop from AS Complete the definition loop from AS Level biologyLevel biology

When completed it will form a loopWhen completed it will form a loop

Example:Example:

respiration

Release of energy from organic compounds

EnergyEnergy

The Need for Energy:The Need for Energy:

Metabolism-all the biological Metabolism-all the biological reactions needed for an reactions needed for an organism to stay aliveorganism to stay alive

Metabolism = Anabolism + Metabolism = Anabolism + CatabolismCatabolism

Chemical energy is contained in Chemical energy is contained in foodfood

UsesUses

All living things need a All living things need a continuous supply of energy for:continuous supply of energy for:

The Flow of Energy:The Flow of Energy:

1) 1)

2) 2)

3) 3)

ATP Structure:ATP Structure:

When a phosphate group is When a phosphate group is removed from ATP, ADP is formed removed from ATP, ADP is formed andand

30.5 kJ/mol of energy is released30.5 kJ/mol of energy is released

This is a reversible reaction:This is a reversible reaction:

Reversible reactionReversible reaction

exergonic = release of energyexergonic = release of energy

ATP ATP ADP + Pi + energy (30.5 kJ/mol) ADP + Pi + energy (30.5 kJ/mol)

endergonic = requires energyendergonic = requires energy

ADP + Pi + energy (30.5 kJ/mol) ADP + Pi + energy (30.5 kJ/mol) ATP ATP

The Universal Energy CurrencyThe Universal Energy Currency

ATP:ATP:– smallsmall– soluble (can diffuse rapidly around cell)soluble (can diffuse rapidly around cell)– high free energy of hydrolysis (a high free energy of hydrolysis (a

relatively large amount of energy is relatively large amount of energy is released)released)

How is ATP Produced?How is ATP Produced?ATP is produced in the cell in two ATP is produced in the cell in two ways: ways:

1. Substrate-Level Phosphorylation1. Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

2. Chemiosmosis 2. Chemiosmosis

Substrate-Level Substrate-Level Phosphorylation (SLP)Phosphorylation (SLP)

involves the transfer of involves the transfer of phosphate from a high energy phosphate from a high energy molecule to ADP, with the aid of molecule to ADP, with the aid of an enzyme. an enzyme.

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ChemiosmosisChemiosmosis

requires a phospholipid bilayer, requires a phospholipid bilayer, a proton pump, protons and a proton pump, protons and ATPase. ATPase.

energy from food molecules is energy from food molecules is used to pump protons out used to pump protons out through a proton pump (intrinsic through a proton pump (intrinsic protein). This creates a protein). This creates a concentration of protons (H+) concentration of protons (H+) outside. outside.

ATPase has a channel that allows ATPase has a channel that allows for the facilitated diffusion of for the facilitated diffusion of protons back in through the protons back in through the membrane. This activates membrane. This activates ATPase, which in turn catalyzes ATPase, which in turn catalyzes the formation of ATPthe formation of ATP

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MitochondriaMitochondria

How is it How is it adapted for adapted for ATP ATP synthesis?synthesis?

AssignmentAssignment

Draw an annotated diagram of a Draw an annotated diagram of a mitochondrionmitochondrion

Draw a diagram to explain the Draw a diagram to explain the process of chemiosmosisprocess of chemiosmosis

Explain how the proton concentration Explain how the proton concentration gradient is maintainedgradient is maintained