attempt all questions and bring the completed mark /75...

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Ousedale School Page 1 Half Term PHYSICS Paper 2 FOUNDATION Name:……………………….. Q1.(a) The diagram shows two forces acting on an object. What is the resultant force acting on the object? Tick ( ) one box. 8 N to the right 8 N to the left 4 N to the right 4 N to the left (1) (b) BASE jumpers jump from very high buildings and mountains for sport. The diagram shows the forces acting on a BASE jumper in flight. The BASE jumper is wearing a wingsuit. (i) Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete each sentence. smaller than The BASE jumper accelerates forwards when force A is equal to force B. bigger than Attempt ALL Questions and bring the completed test to your first Physics lesson after the holiday. Mark /75

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Page 1: Attempt ALL Questions and bring the completed Mark /75 ...fluencycontent2-schoolwebsite.netdna-ssl.com/FileCluster/Ousedale/… · Ousedale School Page 6 (c) Figure 2 shows three

Ousedale School

Page 1

Half Term PHYSICS Paper 2 FOUNDATION Name:……………………….. Q1.(a) The diagram shows two forces acting on an object.

What is the resultant force acting on the object?

Tick ( ) one box.

8 N to the right

8 N to the left

4 N to the right

4 N to the left

(1)

(b) BASE jumpers jump from very high buildings and mountains for sport.

The diagram shows the forces acting on a BASE jumper in flight. The BASE jumper is wearing a wingsuit.

(i) Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete each sentence.

smaller than

The BASE jumper accelerates forwards when force A is equal to force B.

bigger than

Attempt ALL Questions and bring the completed test to your first Physics lesson after the holiday.

Mark /75

Page 2: Attempt ALL Questions and bring the completed Mark /75 ...fluencycontent2-schoolwebsite.netdna-ssl.com/FileCluster/Ousedale/… · Ousedale School Page 6 (c) Figure 2 shows three

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smaller than

The BASE jumper falls with a constant speed when force C is equal to force D.

bigger than

(2)

(ii) To land safely the BASE jumper opens a parachute.

What effect does opening the parachute have on the speed of the falling BASE jumper?

...............................................................................................................

Give a reason for your answer.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (2)

(Total 5 marks)

Q2.A powerlifter lifts a 180 kg bar from the floor to above his head.

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(a) Use the equation in the box to calculate the weight of the bar.

weight = mass × gravitational field strength

gravitational field strength = 10 N/kg

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Weight = ............................................. N (2)

(b) The powerlifter uses a constant force to lift the bar a distance of 2.1 m.

Use the equation in the box to calculate the work done by the powerlifter.

work done = force applied × distance moved in direction of force

Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.

Choose the unit from the list below.

joule newton watt

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Work done = .............................................J (2)

(c) At the end of the lift, the powerlifter holds the bar stationary, above his head, for two seconds.

How much work does the powerlifter do on the bar during these two seconds?

Draw a ring around your answer.

0 90 360 900

Give a reason for your answer.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (2)

(Total 6 marks)

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Page 4

Q3.Small water waves are created in a ripple tank by a wooden bar. The wooden bar vibrates up and down hitting the surface of the water.

The figure below shows a cross-section of the ripple tank and water.

(a) Which letter shows the amplitude of a water wave?

Tick one box.

J

K

L

(1)

(b) The speed of the wooden bar is changed so that the bar hits the water fewer times each second.

What happens to the frequency of the waves produced?

Tick one box.

Increases

Does not change

Decreases

(1)

(c) Describe how the wavelength of the water waves in a ripple tank can be measured accurately.

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................(2)

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(d) The speed of a wave is calculated using the following equation.

wave speed = frequency × wavelength

The water waves in a ripple tank have a wavelength of 1.2 cm and a frequency of 18.5 Hz.

How does the speed of these water waves compare to the typical speed of a person walking?

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. (4)

(Total 8 marks)

Q4.(a) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

balancing stretching turning

A moment is the ................................... effect of a force. (1)

(b) Figure 1 shows how a lever can be used to lift a heavy rock.

Calculate the moment of the weight of the rock about point P.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Moment = ............................................. newton metres (2)

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(c) Figure 2 shows three positions on the lever, A, B and C, where the person could have applied a force to lift the rock.

Which position, A, B or C, needs the smallest force to lift the rock?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

A B C

Give the reason for your answer.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (2)

(Total 5 marks)

Q5.The diagram shows a demonstration carried out by a teacher.

When the switch is closed, there is a current of 2 A through the wire. The wire experiences a force and moves.

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(a) Use the correct word from the box to complete the sentence.

generator motor transformer

The demonstration shows the .................................................. effect. (1)

(b) State two changes that the teacher could make to the demonstration, each of which would increase the force on the wire. The teacher does not touch the wire.

1......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

2......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (2)

(c) State one change that the teacher could make to the demonstration to change the direction of the force on the wire.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (1)

(d) With the switch closed, the teacher changes the position of the wire so that the force on the wire is zero.

What is the position of the wire?

Tick ( ) one box.

The wire is at 90° to the direction of the magnetic field.

The wire is at 45° to the direction of the magnetic field.

The wire is parallel to the direction of the magnetic field.

(1) (Total 5 marks)

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Q6.The figure below shows a coil and a magnet. An ammeter is connected to the coil.

The ammeter has a centre zero scale, so that values of current going in either direction through the coil can be measured.

(a) A teacher moves the magnet slowly towards the coil.

Explain why there is a reading on the ammeter.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

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........................................................................................................................

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........................................................................................................................

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(4)

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(b) The table below shows some other actions taken by the teacher.

Complete the table to show the effect of each action on the ammeter reading.

Action taken by teacher What happens to the ammeter reading?

Holds the magnet stationary and moves the coil slowly towards the magnet

Holds the magnet stationary within the coil

Moves the magnet quickly towards the coil

Reverses the magnet and moves it slowly towards the coil

(4)

(c) The magnet moves so that there is a steady reading of 0.05 A on the ammeter for 6 seconds.

Calculate the charge that flows through the coil during the 6 seconds.

Give the unit.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Charge = .......................................... (3)

(Total 11 marks)

Q7.Infrared and microwaves are two types of electromagnetic radiation.

The diagram below shows the positions of the two types of radiation within part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

(a) Name one type of electromagnetic radiation which has more energy than infrared.

............................................................................................................................. (1)

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(b) Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence.

Each answer may be used once, more than once or not at all.

greater than less than the same as

The wavelength of infrared is ........................ the wavelength of microwaves.

The frequency of microwaves is ........................ the frequency of infrared.

The speed of microwaves in a vacuum is ........................ the speed of infrared in a vacuum.

(3) (Total 4 marks)

Q8. (a) A person takes their dog for a walk.

The graph shows how the distance from their home changes with time.

Which part of the graph, A, B, C or D, shows them walking the fastest?

Write your answer in the box.

Give the reason for your answer.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (2)

(b) During the walk, both the speed and the velocity of the person and the dog change.

How is velocity different from speed?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (1)

(Total 3 marks)

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Q9.Figure 1 shows the structure of a traditional transformer.

Figure 1

(a) There is an alternating current in the primary coil of the transformer.

State what is produced in the iron core.

.............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. (2)

(b) A transformer has only one turn of wire on the secondary coil. The potential difference across the secondary coil is 11.5 V The potential difference across the primary coil is 230 V

Use the Physics Equation Sheet calculate the number of turns on the primary coil.

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

Number of turns on the primary coil = ............ (2)

(c) In most transformers, the power output is less than the power input.

State why.

.............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. (1)

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(d) Two students investigated how magnets can be used to produce a potential difference. The students held a coil of wire above a magnet. The students quickly lowered the coil so that the magnet was inside the coil, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2

The students recorded the maximum potential difference for coils with different numbers of turns of wire. The results are shown in the table.

Number of turns of wire in the coil

Maximum potential difference in volts

Results from student 1 Results from student 2

5 0.09 0.08

10 0.20 0.15

15 0.31 0.25

20 0.39 0.33

25 0.51 0.39

(i) State the resolution of the voltmeter.

Give one reason why the resolution of the voltmeter is suitable for this investigation.

Resolution ......................................

Reason .....................................................................................................

................................................................................................................... (2)

(2)(ii) The two students used exactly the same equipment to carry out their investigations. Both students recorded their results correctly.

Give the reason why student 2 got different results from student 1.

...................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................... (1)

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(iii) The students decided that even though the results were different, there was no need to repeat the investigation.

How do the results show that the investigation is reproducible?

...................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................... (1)

(iv) State the name of the process which causes the potential difference to be produced in this investigation.

................................................................................................................... (1)

(Total 10 marks)

Q10.The diagram shows a boat pulling a water skier.

(a) The arrow represents the force on the water produced by the engine propeller. This force causes the boat to move.

Explain why.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (2)

(b) The boat accelerates at a constant rate in a straight line. This causes the velocity of the water skier to increase from 4.0 m/s to 16.0 m/s in 8.0 seconds.

(i) Calculate the acceleration of the water skier.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Acceleration = ............................................m/s/s (2)

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(ii) The water skier has a mass of 68 kg.

Calculate the resultant force acting on the water skier while accelerating.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Resultant force = .................................................. N (2)

(iii) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

The force from the boat pulling the water skier forwards

less than

will be the same as the answer to part (b)(ii).

greater than

Give the reason for your answer.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (2)

(Total 8 marks)

Q11. Infrared and microwaves are two types of electromagnetic radiation.

(a) State one example of the use of each type of radiation for communication.

Infrared: ............................................

Microwaves: ...................................... (2)

(b) Some of the properties of infrared and microwaves are the same.

State two of these properties.

1 ..........................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. (2)

(Total 4 marks)

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Q12. The data given in the table below was obtained from an investigation into the refraction of light at an air to glass boundary.

Angle of

incidence Angle of

refraction

20° 13°

30° 19°

40° 25°

50° 30°

Describe an investigation a student could complete in order to obtain similar data to that given in the table above.

Your answer should consider any cause of inaccuracy in the data.

A labelled diagram may be drawn as part of your answer.

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. (Total 6 marks)

Page 16: Attempt ALL Questions and bring the completed Mark /75 ...fluencycontent2-schoolwebsite.netdna-ssl.com/FileCluster/Ousedale/… · Ousedale School Page 6 (c) Figure 2 shows three

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Half Term PHYSICS Paper 2 FOUNDATION MS

M1.(a) 4 N to the right1

(b) (i) bigger than 1

equal to 1

(ii) reduces it 1

increases air resistance / drag / force C

accept parachute has large(r) (surface) area 1

[5]

M2.(a) 1800 (N)

allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie 180 × 10 provided no further steps shown

2

(b) 3780or their (a) × 2.1 correctly calculated

allow 1 mark for correct substitution

ie 1800 or their (a) × 2.1 provided no further steps shown 2

(c) 0

reason does not score if 0 not chosen 1

work is only done when a force makes an object move

accept distance moved is zero

accept no energy transfer (to the bar)

accept the bar is not moving/is stationary

'it' refers to the bar/weights 1

[6]

M3.(a) K 1

(b) Decreases 1

(c) use a metre rule / 30 cm ruler to measure across 10 (projected) waves

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accept any practical number of waves number for 10 1

and then divide by 10 1

(d) 1.2 cm = 0.012 m 1

18.5 × 0.012 = 0.22(2) (m / s) 1

allow 0.22(2) with no working shown for 2 marks

typical walking speed = 1.5m / s

accept any value e.g. in the range 0.7 to 2.0 m / s 1

so the water waves are slower (than a typical walking speed)

this cannot score on its own 1

[8]

M4.(a) turning 1

(b) 420

allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 1400 × 0.30 provided no subsequent step shown

2

(c) A

reason only scores if A is chosen 1

any one correct reason: the force is furthest away (from the pivot)

accept distance (from the pivot) is the greatest

accept it is further away (from the pivot)

accept furthest away from the rock 1

[5]

M5.(a) motor 1

(b) increase the strength of the magnetic field

accept use a stronger magnet

use a larger / bigger magnet is insufficient

do not accept move magnets closer 1

increase the (size of the) current

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accept use a current greater than 2 (A)

accept increase the p.d. / voltage (of the power supply)

increase the power supply is insufficient 1

(c) any one from: • (reverse the) direction of the current

accept swap the wires at the power supply connections

swap the wires around is insufficient • (change the) direction of the magnetic field

accept turn the magnet around

do not accept use an a.c. supply 1

(d) The wire is parallel to the direction of the magnetic field. 1

[5]

M6.(a) Any 4 of: there is a magnetic field (around the magnet) 1

(this magnetic field) changes / moves 1

and cuts through coil

accept links with coil 1

so a p.d. induced across coil 1

the coil forms a complete circuit 1

so a current (is induced) 1

(b) ammeter reading does not change

must be in this order

accept ammeter has a small reading / shows a current 1

zero 1

greater than before

accept a large(r) reading 1

same as originally but in the opposite direction

accept a small reading in the opposite direction 1

(c) 0.30

allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 0.05 = Q / 6 2

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C / coulomb

allow A s 1

[11]

M7.(a) any one from:

• (visible) light • UV / ultra violet • X-ray • gamma / γ-ray

1

(b) less than 1

less than 1

the same as 1

[4]

M8. (a) B

reason only scores if B is chosen 1

gradient / slope is the steepest / steeper

answers must be comparative

accept steepest line

ignore greatest speed 1

(b) (velocity includes) direction

‘it’ refers to velocity 1

[3]

M9.(a) a magnetic field

accept electromagnetic field

heat is insufficient 1

that is alternating / changing 1

(b) 20

allow 1 mark for correct

substitution, ie

provided no subsequent step 2

(c) (most) transformers are not 100% efficient

allow energy / power is lost to the surroundings

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allow energy / power is lost as heat / sound

power is lost is insufficient 1

(d) (i) 0.01 (V) 1

because there is a change in p.d. each time (the number of turns changes)

allow because all the results (to 2 decimal places) are different

accept if results were to 1 decimal place, there might not be a difference

1

(ii) student 2 moved the coil more slowly (than student 1)

accept student 2 moved the coil at a different speed to student 1

do not accept student 2 moved the coil faster (than student 1)

1

(iii) both sets of results show the same pattern

accept trend for pattern

results are similar is insufficient

results follow a pattern is insufficient 1

(iv) (electromagnetic) induction

accept it is induced

do not accept electric / magnetic induction 1

[10]

M10.(a) (produces) a force from water on the boat 1

in the forward direction

accept in the opposite direction

this must refer to the direction of the force not simply the boat moves forwards

an answer produces an (equal and) opposite force gains 1 mark

1

(b) (i) 1.5

allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie or

provided no subsequent step shown

ignore sign 2

(ii) 102ortheir (b)(i) × 68 correctly calculated

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allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 1.5 × 68

or their (b)(i) × 68

provided no subsequent step shown 2

(iii) greater than

reason only scores if greater than chosen 1

need to overcome resistance forces

accept named resistance force

accept resistance forces act (on the water skier)

do not accept gravity 1

[8]

M11.(a) use of infrared: remote controls fibre optic (communications)

1

use of microwaves: mobile/cell phones

accept mobiles

accept phone signals satellite (communications/TV) wi-fi Bluetooth

1

(b) any two from • same speed

or travel at the speed of light (in a vacuum)

• transverse

accept a full description of a transverse wave • transfer energy (from one place to another) • can be reflected • can be refracted • can be diffracted • can be absorbed / transmitted • can travel through a vacuum/space • can be polarised

travels in straight lines is insufficient 2

[4]

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M12.Level 3 (5–6 marks): A detailed and coherent plan covering all the major steps is provided. The steps in the method are logically ordered. The method would lead to the production of valid results.

A source of inaccuracy is provided.

Level 2 (3–4 marks): The bulk of a method is described with mostly relevant detail. The method may not be in a completely logical sequence and may be missing some detail.

Level 1 (1–2 marks): Simple statements are made. The response may lack a logical structure and would not lead to the production of valid results.

0 marks: No relevant content.

Indicative content

place a glass block on a piece of paper

draw around the glass block and then remove from the paper

draw a line at 90° to one side of the block (the normal)

use a protractor to measure and then draw a line at an angle of 20° to the normal

replace the glass block

using a ray box and slit point the ray of light down the drawn line

mark the ray of light emerging from the block

remove the block and draw in the refracted ray

measure the angle of refraction with a protractor

repeat the procedure for a range of values of the angle of incidence

possible source of inaccuracy

the width of the light ray

which makes it difficult to judge where the centre of the ray is [6]

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Half Term PHYSICS Paper 2 FOUNDATION

E1.(a) Just under two thirds of students answered this correctly.

(b) (i) Approximately two thirds of students gained both marks.

(ii) Most students correctly stated that the BASE jumper slowed down. The reason was not well expressed. Many students thought that an increase in upthrust was sufficient to slow the BASE jumper whilst others said that the ‘parachute slows the acceleration’, implying that the BASE jumper continues to accelerate.

E2.(a) Nearly 80% of students scored both marks.

(b) About 40% of students completed the calculation correctly with approximately 26% of these students being able to identify the correct unit. The most common error was to use the mass of the bar rather than the weight of the bar. Considering how often students are asked to give a unit it is surprising how few are able to recall the more common ones.

(c) This was poorly answered. The majority of students gave answers other than zero. Those students choosing zero were often unable to give the correct reason for choosing this value.

E4.(a) More than half of the students scored this mark.

(b) Almost all of the students were able to substitute into the correct equation and to calculate the moment of the weight of the rock.

(c) The correct position was given by about three quarters of students with half of the students scoring both marks. Many students who failed to score the second mark wrote about position A giving more leverage, but failed to state that this was because position A was furthest from the pivot.

E5.(a) Nearly three quarters of the students scored this mark.

(b) Many students who did not score either mark were along the right lines and mentioned both current and the strength of the magnet, but did not state that these needed to be increased. A number of students gave vague answers such as ‘increase the power supply’ rather than indicating that an increase in potential difference or current was needed. Only one fifth of the students scored both marks, with a further third of the students scoring one mark.

(c) Just under half of the students scored this mark. A large proportion of the students who failed to score this mark suggested using an a.c. supply. Some students also gave answers in terms of changing the cotton thread.

(d) Approximately three quarters of the students scored this mark.

E6.(a) This question was quite well done, with some almost ‘text-book’ answers. Although only a small minority scored all six marks, around three-quarters of students scored at least two marks, usually for mentioning the ‘magnetic field’ and the ‘current produced’. There were, however, a small number of confused answers relating to the motor effect. Having answered the question, a significant number of students went on to explain what would happen if the magnet were withdrawn / moved faster / moved slower etc.

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(b) Half of the students scored at least two of the four marks. A common mistake was not relating the actions to the original movement of the magnet, so that comparisons of size and direction of current were not made.

(c) This was answered well, with nearly all students achieving both marks for the calculation, and nearly two-thirds scoring the mark for the correct unit.

E7.(a) Over two thirds of students scored this mark. One of the most common correct responses was visible light; quite a few went to the very end of the EM spectrum and stated gamma rays, which was also creditworthy.

(b) Just under half of students scored 2 marks, few scored all 3 marks. Many students incorrectly thought that each response should only be used once, having not read the question carefully enough.

E8. (a) Most students correctly chose B. Most students then realised that the gradient was the important feature of the graph to consider. Answers needed to be comparative so ‘steep line’ was not credited. Attempts at describing a gradient were often unsuccessful as no comparison with other sections of the graph was made.

(b) It was disappointing that only two fifths of students could give the difference between velocity and speed. Many students gave velocity as the change of speed or the change of direction.

E9.Foundation

(a) Less than a quarter of students realised that a magnetic field was produced, whereas other students thought that a current or p.d. was produced in the iron core. It was not common for students to gain the mark for realising that the magnetic field produced would be changing.

(b) This calculation was handled well by students, with just under three quarters gaining both marks.

(c) Many students confused the loss of power with it being a step-down transformer. The most common way of students gaining the mark was for noting that energy is transferred by heating. Just under one fifth of students answered correctly.

(d) (i) Few students were able to correctly identify the resolution, although many more students were along the right lines, with an answer of 2 decimal places occurring regularly. The reason for this being appropriate was less well answered with many students answering how they knew that this was the resolution, rather than answering the question of why this was a suitable resolution for this experiment. Just under a fifth of students gained marks on this question.

(ii) Just under one tenth of students correctly stated why the results were different.

(iii) Slightly more than a tenth of students answered this question correctly. Many students thought that a lack of anomalous results made the experiment reproducible, or just the fact that two students had carried out the experiment made it reproducible. Many students just quoted numbers given in the table.

(iv) Induction was clearly something which students struggled with, and the question was only attempted by about two thirds of students. Only a few

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students knew the name of the process.

(e) Just over half of students were able to suggest an advantage of the transformer. It was not uncommon for those who got the question wrong to have just repeated the stem of the question.

Higher

(a) Approximately two thirds of students realised that a magnetic field was produced, whereas other students thought that a current or p.d. was produced in the iron core. Only about a quarter of students realised that the magnetic field produced would be changing.

(b) This calculation was handled well by students, with the vast majority gaining both marks.

(c) Many students confused the loss of power with it being a step-down transformer. The most common way of students gaining the mark was for noting that energy is transferred by heating. Just under four tenths of students answered correctly.

(d) (i) Many students struggled to identify the correct resolution, although some were along the right lines, with answers of 2 decimal places or 0.00 occurring regularly. The reason for it being appropriate was less well done with many students answering how they knew that this was the resolution, rather than answering the question of why this was a suitable resolution for this experiment. Less than half of students gained marks on this question.

(ii) About a third of students answered this question correctly. Many students stated that part of the equipment being used was different, despite the stem of the question clearly stating that the two students used exactly the same equipment.

(iii) Just over a third of students answered this question correctly. Many students thought that similar results made it reproducible, rather than there being a similar pattern in results.

(iv) Fewer than half the students stated the correct process.

(e) Over two thirds of students suggested a correct advantage. Unrewarded responses frequently just repeated the stem of the question.

E10.(a) This was very poorly answered with few students scoring any marks. The students had great difficulty in explaining the forces involved to move the boat forward, very few wrote that the water provided a force on the boat. Those that did usually failed to give a direction to the force.

(b) (i) The calculation was well done with nearly three quarters of the students giving the correct numerical answer. However few students were able to give the correct unit. A significant minority of students incorrectly obtained an answer of 15.5. This was caused by incorrect use of the calculator when working out a substitution written as 16 – 4 ÷ 8

(ii) Again this calculation was well done with the vast majority of students giving a correct answer.

(iii) Only half of the students gave the correct answer with very few students being able to give a correct reason for their choice. Answers were generally in

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terms of a greater force is needed as the skier is accelerating.

E11.(a) Two fifths of students scored 2 marks, while one third of students scored 1 mark. The vast majority of students scored 2 marks for 'remote controls' and 'mobile phones'. A reasonable number of students misread the question and wrote down any use of infrared (conventional oven) and microwave (the microwave) which were insufficient for communications. 'Phone' by itself was insufficient, but 'phone signals' was creditworthy, as was 'sending text messages'. While some mobile phones do have infrared ports, this was insufficient for a use of infrared as not all mobile phones have this facility. Satellite (communications) was another common answer seen for use of microwaves. TV alone was insufficient. Other insufficient answers included: key fobs for remote locking of cars, computer peripherals and walkie talkies, all of which typically use radio frequencies.

(b) A quarter of students scored 2 marks, while a fifth of students scored only 1 mark. Students should be reminded of the list principle: if two answers are required, only give two answers, otherwise incorrect answers can negate correct answers. One student stated 5 properties that were the same for both waves; fortunately for the student they were all correct. Insufficient responses included 'can't be seen with the human eye', 'not harmful', 'can heat food', 'used for communication'. Incorrect responses included 'same amplitude / frequency / wavelength'. A student who stated 'travel through a vacuum at the speed of light' and didn't write anything on the second line would score 2 marks for their single statement.