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Page 1: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists

by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative properties...

Page 2: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Page 3: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement

Page 4: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement Aestivation

Architecture

Divisions

Folding

Form

FusionAndGrouping

Homogeneity

PointOfAttachment

Relative

Symmetry

Develpment

Position

Presence

Series

Vernation

Page 5: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement Aestivation

Architecture

Divisions

Folding

Form

FusionAndGrouping

Homogeneity

PointOfAttachment

Relative

Symmetry

Develpment

Position

Presence

Series

Vernation

Habit

AxialPosition

Page 6: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement

ShapeAndForm

SurfaceTexture

Pattern

Transparency

Colour

Page 7: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement

ShapeAndForm

SurfaceTexture

Pattern

Transparency

Colour

Shape

Form

OutlineShape

HairAndProcesses

Page 8: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement

Lifespan

Substrate

Sex

Nutrition

Ecology

Page 9: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement

Lifespan

Substrate

Sex

Nutrition

Ecology

Reproduction

Mechanism

Fertility

Page 10: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement

Aging

Pollination

Dehiscence

Exudation

Generative

Page 11: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangementamphitropusanaptrouscampylatropuscaulineclaspingcompositeconnate-perfoliatedecussatediandrousdidymousorthotropousinternodalperfoliateporrectradicalsubequalsolitarytetrandrous

Page 12: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangementamphitropusanaptrouscampylatropuscaulineclaspingcompositeconnate-perfoliatedecussatediandrousdidymousorthotropousinternodalperfoliateporrectradicalsubequalsolitarytetrandrous

Page 13: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement

amphitropusanaptrouscampylatropuscaulineclaspingcompositeconnate-perfoliatedecussatediandrousdidymousorthotropousinternodalperfoliateporrectradicalsubequalsolitarytetrandrous

Page 14: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement Aestivation

Architecture

Divisions

Folding

Form

FusionAndGrouping

Homogeneity

PointOfAttachment

Relative

Symmetry

Development

Position

Presence

Series

Vernation

amphitropusanaptrouscampylatropuscaulineclaspingcompositeconnate-perfoliatedecussatediandrousdidymousorthotropousinternodalperfoliateporrectradicalsubequalsolitarytetrandrous

Habit

AxialPosition

Page 15: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement Aestivation

Architecture

Divisions

Folding

Form

FusionAndGrouping

Homogeneity

PointOfAttachment

Relative

Symmetry

Development

Position

Presence

Series

Vernation

amphitropusanaptrouscampylatropuscaulineclaspingcompositeconnate-perfoliatedecussatediandrousdidymousorthotropousinternodalperfoliateporrectradicalsubequalsolitarytetrandrous

imbricateimbricate-ascendingquincuncialvexillarycontorted

Habit

AxialPosition

Page 16: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement Aestivation

Architecture

Divisions

Folding

Form

FusionAndGrouping

Homogeneity

PointOfAttachment

Relative

Symmetry

Development

Position

Presence

Series

Vernation

amphitropusanaptrouscampylatropuscaulineclaspingcompositeconnate-perfoliatedecussatediandrousdidymousorthotropousinternodalperfoliateporrectradicalsubequalsolitarytetrandrous

AccumbentAntrorseAscendingAssurgentBranchingButtressedCernousCompoundDeclinateDecompoundetc......

Habit

AxialPosition

Page 17: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement Aestivation

Architecture

Divisions

Folding

Form

FusionAndGrouping

Homogeneity

PointOfAttachment

Relative

Symmetry

Development

Position

Presence

Series

Vernation

amphitropusanaptrouscampylatropuscaulineclaspingcompositeconnate-perfoliatedecussatediandrousdidymousorthotropousinternodalperfoliateporrectradicalsubequalsolitarytetrandrous

arborescentbushycespitoseclamberingclimbingcreeperfructicoseherbetc......

Habit

AxialPosition

AccumbentAntrorseAscendingAssurgentBranchingButtressedCernousCompoundDeclinateDecompoundetc......

Page 18: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement Aestivation

Architecture

Divisions

Folding

Form

FusionAndGrouping

Homogeneity

PointOfAttachment

Relative

Symmetry

Development

Position

Presence

Series

Vernation

amphitropusanaptrouscampylatropuscaulineclaspingcompositeconnate-perfoliatedecussatediandrousdidymousorthotropousinternodalperfoliateporrectradicalsubequalsolitarytetrandrous

arborescentbushycespitoseclamberingclimbingcreeperfructicoseherbetc......

Habit

AxialPosition

AccumbentAntrorseAscendingAssurgentBranchingButtressedCernousCompoundDeclinateDecompoundetc......

All terms under ‘Habit’ can be used to score ‘Arrangement.Architecture.Habit’

Page 19: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement Aestivation

Architecture

Divisions

Folding

Form

FusionAndGrouping

Homogeneity

PointOfAttachment

Relative

Symmetry

Development

Position

Presence

Series

Vernation

amphitropusanaptrouscampylatropuscaulineclaspingcompositeconnate-perfoliatedecussatediandrousdidymousorthotropousinternodalperfoliateporrectradicalsubequalsolitarytetrandrous

arborescentbushycespitoseclamberingclimbingcreeperfructicoseherbetc......

Habit

AxialPosition

AccumbentAntrorseAscendingAssurgentBranchingButtressedCernousCompoundDeclinateDecompoundetc......

All terms under ‘Architecture’ can be used to score ‘Arrangement.Architecture’

Page 20: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement Aestivation

Architecture

Divisions

Folding

Form

FusionAndGrouping

Homogeneity

PointOfAttachment

Relative

Symmetry

Development

Position

Presence

Series

Vernation

amphitropusanaptrouscampylatropuscaulineclaspingcompositeconnate-perfoliatedecussatediandrousdidymousorthotropousinternodalperfoliateporrectradicalsubequalsolitarytetrandrous

arborescentbushycespitoseclamberingclimbingcreeperfructicoseherbetc......

Habit

AxialPosition

AccumbentAntrorseAscendingAssurgentBranchingButtressedCernousCompoundDeclinateDecompoundetc......

All terms under ‘Arrangement’ can be used to score ‘Arrangement’

Page 21: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement Aestivation

Architecture

Divisions

Folding

Form

FusionAndGrouping

Homogeneity

PointOfAttachment

Relative

Symmetry

Development

Position

Presence

Series

Vernation

amphitropusanaptrouscampylatropuscaulineclaspingcompositeconnate-perfoliatedecussatediandrousdidymousorthotropousinternodalperfoliateporrectradicalsubequalsolitarytetrandrous

arborescentbushycespitoseclamberingclimbingcreeperfructicoseherbetc......

Habit

AxialPosition

AccumbentAntrorseAscendingAssurgentBranchingButtressedCernousCompoundDeclinateDecompoundetc......

All terms under ‘Architecture’ can be used to score ‘Arrangement.Architecture’

Page 22: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement

plus all the states in the sub-property Arrangement.Architecture.Habit

Architecture

AccumbentAntrorseAscendingAssurgentBranchingButtressedCernousCompoundDeclinateDecompoundDecumbentDeflexedDeliquescentDiffuseErectExcurrentExternalFastigiateHorizontalIncumbentInflexedInnerNoddingOuter

PatentPendantInternalInvertesJointedLowerPendantProtrateRadiateRecliningRecurvedReflexResupinateRetrorseRosetteStrictSubcompoundSupineSurmountedSimpleSpreadingUnijugateUpperVersatile

States in Arrangement.Architecture

Page 23: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement

Context Group 1:applicable to:

• Floret• Flower• Fruit

plus all the states in the sub-property Arrangement.Architecture.Habit

Architecture

AccumbentAntrorseAscendingAssurgentBranchingButtressedCernousCompoundDeclinateDecompoundDecumbentDeflexedDeliquescentDiffuseErectExcurrentExternalFastigiateHorizontalIncumbentInflexedInnerNoddingOuter

PatentPendantInternalInvertesJointedLowerPendantProtrateRadiateRecliningRecurvedReflexResupinateRetrorseRosetteStrictSubcompoundSupineSurmountedSimpleSpreadingUnijugateUpperVersatile

States in Arrangement.Architecture

Page 24: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement

Context Group 1:applicable to:

• Floret• Flower• Fruit

Context Group 2:applicable to:

• Bract• Leaf• Leaflet

plus all the states in the sub-property Arrangement.Architecture.Habit

Architecture

AccumbentAntrorseAscendingAssurgentBranchingButtressedCernousCompoundDeclinateDecompoundDecumbentDeflexedDeliquescentDiffuseErectExcurrentExternalFastigiateHorizontalIncumbentInflexedInnerNoddingOuter

PatentPendantInternalInvertesJointedLowerPendantProtrateRadiateRecliningRecurvedReflexResupinateRetrorseRosetteStrictSubcompoundSupineSurmountedSimpleSpreadingUnijugateUpperVersatile

States in Arrangement.Architecture

Page 25: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

QualitativeDescriptiveProperty

Taste

Scent

Appearance

Process

Lifestyle

Arrangement

ShapeAndForm

SurfaceTexture

Pattern

Transparency

Colour

Shape

Form

OutlineShape

HairAndProcesses

Page 26: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

ShapeAndForm

Shape

Form

OutlineShape

AcicularAwl-ShapedCordateCuneateDeltoidEllipticFalcateFlabellate

HastateLanceolateLigulateLinearLingulateLyrateObcordateObdeltoid

OblanceolateObovateObtrullateOrbicularOrbiculateOvalOvateReniform

RotundSagittateSpathulateSubcordateSubcuneateSuborbicularTrullate

ArilloidBaccateCaliciformCalyculateCaruncuboidDrupaceousFlaccidFoliaceous

HygroscopicInflatedLianousPetaloidPlumose PulviniformSaccateSamaroid

SepaloidSpathaceousTuberousTubularTumidTurgidVentricoseVesicular

AcuminateAcuteAnnularApiculateAristateAttenuateAuriculateBilabiateBiserrateCampanulateCanaliculateCapillaryCapsularCarinateCaudateCirrhousClavateCompressedConcaveConicalConvex

CotyloidCrenateCrenately lobedCrenulateCrested CrispateCupuliferousCyathiformDepressedDiscoid DiscoidDolabriformEllipsoidEllipsoidalElongateEmarginateEnsiformEntireEquifacialEroseExcurrentFasciated

FiliformFimbriateFistularFlatFlexuousFunneliformFusiformGibbousGloboseGlochidiateHippocrepiformInvaginatedKeeledLabiateLacerateLaciniateLageniformLamellateLenticularMoniliformMucronate

MucronulateNavicularObcompressedObliqueOblongObovoidObtuseOvoidPanduratePapilliformPersonatePolygonalPraemorsePunctiformPungentPyriformQuadrate-rhombicRadiateRaisedRepandRetuse

RhombicRhombic-orbicularRhomboidRotateScutateSerrateSerrulateSetiformSigmoidSinuateSpicateSpinescentStellateSubgloboseSubulateTailedTaperingTereteTetrahedalTransversely rhombicTriangulate

TrigonalTubularTurbinateUmbilicateUncinateUndulateUnguiculateUrceolateVasiformVirgateWaisted

Page 27: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

ShapeAndForm

Shape

Form

OutlineShape

AcicularAwl-ShapedCordateCuneateDeltoidEllipticFalcateFlabellate

HastateLanceolateLigulateLinearLingulateLyrateObcordateObdeltoid

OblanceolateObovateObtrullateOrbicularOrbiculateOvalOvateReniform

RotundSagittateSpathulateSubcordateSubcuneateSuborbicularTrullate

Why not 3D and 2D shapes ?

AcuminateAcuteAnnularApiculateAristateAttenuateAuriculateBilabiateBiserrateCampanulateCanaliculateCapillaryCapsularCarinateCaudateCirrhousClavateCompressedConcaveConicalConvex

CotyloidCrenateCrenately lobedCrenulateCrested CrispateCupuliferousCyathiformDepressedDiscoid DiscoidDolabriformEllipsoidEllipsoidalElongateEmarginateEnsiformEntireEquifacialEroseExcurrentFasciated

FiliformFimbriateFistularFlatFlexuousFunneliformFusiformGibbousGloboseGlochidiateHippocrepiformInvaginatedKeeledLabiateLacerateLaciniateLageniformLamellateLenticularMoniliformMucronate

MucronulateNavicularObcompressedObliqueOblongObovoidObtuseOvoidPanduratePapilliformPersonatePolygonalPraemorsePunctiformPungentPyriformQuadrate-rhombicRadiateRaisedRepandRetuse

RhombicRhombic-orbicularRhomboidRotateScutateSerrateSerrulateSetiformSigmoidSinuateSpicateSpinescentStellateSubgloboseSubulateTailedTaperingTereteTetrahedalTransversely rhombicTriangulate

TrigonalTubularTurbinateUmbilicateUncinateUndulateUnguiculateUrceolateVasiformVirgateWaisted

ArilloidBaccateCaliciformCalyculateCaruncuboidDrupaceousFlaccidFoliaceous

HygroscopicInflatedLianousPetaloidPlumose PulviniformSaccateSamaroid

SepaloidSpathaceousTuberousTubularTumidTurgidVentricoseVesicular

Page 28: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

ShapeAndForm

Shape

Form

OutlineShape

OblanceolateObovateObtrullateOrbicularOrbiculateOvalOvateReniform

AcicularAwl-ShapedCordateCuneateDeltoidEllipticFalcateFlabellate

HastateLanceolateLigulateLinearLingulateLyrateObcordateObdeltoid

RotundSagittateSpathulateSubcordateSubcuneateSuborbicularTrullate

ArilloidBaccateCaliciformCalyculateCaruncuboidDrupaceousFlaccidFoliaceous

HygroscopicInflatedLianousPetaloidPlumose PulviniformSaccateSamaroid

SepaloidSpathaceousTuberousTubularTumidTurgidVentricoseVesicular

AcuminateAcuteAnnularApiculateAristateAttenuateAuriculateBilabiateBiserrateCampanulateCanaliculateCapillaryCapsularCarinateCaudateCirrhousClavateCompressedConcaveConicalConvex

CotyloidCrenateCrenately lobedCrenulateCrested CrispateCupuliferousCyathiformDepressedDiscoid DiscoidDolabriformEllipsoidEllipsoidalElongateEmarginateEnsiformEntireEquifacialEroseExcurrentFasciated

FiliformFimbriateFistularFlatFlexuousFunneliformFusiformGibbousGloboseGlochidiateHippocrepiformInvaginatedKeeledLabiateLacerateLaciniateLageniformLamellateLenticularMoniliformMucronate

MucronulateNavicularObcompressedObliqueOblongObovoidObtuseOvoidPanduratePapilliformPersonatePolygonalPraemorsePunctiformPungentPyriformQuadrate-rhombicRadiateRaisedRepandRetuse

RhombicRhombic-orbicularRhomboidRotateScutateSerrateSerrulateSetiformSigmoidSinuateSpicateSpinescentStellateSubgloboseSubulateTailedTaperingTereteTetrahedalTransversely rhombicTriangulate

TrigonalTubularTurbinateUmbilicateUncinateUndulateUnguiculateUrceolateVasiformVirgateWaisted

Page 29: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

ShapeAndForm

Shape

Form

OutlineShape

ArilloidCaliciformCalyculateCaruncuboidFoliaceousInflatedLianousPetaloidPlumose

PulviniformSaccateSepaloidSpathaceousTuberousTubularVentricoseVesicular

AnnularCanaliculateCapillaryCarinateClavateCompressedConcaveConicalConvexCotyloidCrestedCupuliferousCyathiformDepressedDiscoid

DolabriformEllipsoidEllipsoidalElongateEnsiformEquifacialFasciatedFiliformFlatFlexuousFusiformHippocrepiformInvaginatedKeeledLamellate

LenticularNavicularObcompressedObliqueOblongObovoidOvoidPanduratePapilliformPolygonalPunctiformQuadrate-rhombicRaisedRhombicRhombic-orbicular

Rhomboid ScutateSetiformSigmoidSpicateStellateSubulateTailedTereteTetrahedalTransversely rhombicTriangulateTrigonalUmbilicateVirgateWaisted

All OutlineShapes are applicable to

•Bract•Leaf•Leaflet•Petal•Sepal•Stipule•Tepal

AcicularAwl-ShapedCordateCuneateDeltoidEllipticFalcateFlabellate

HastateLanceolateLigulateLinearLingulateLyrateObcordateObdeltoid

OblanceolateObovateObtrullateOrbicularOrbiculateOvalOvateReniform

RotundSagittateSpathulateSubcordateSubcuneateSuborbicularTrullate

Page 30: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

AcuminateAcuteAnnularApiculateAristateAttenuateAuriculateBilabiateBiserrateCampanulateCanaliculateCapillaryCapsularCarinateCaudateCirrhousClavateCompressedConcaveConicalConvex

CotyloidCrenateCrenately lobedCrenulateCrested CrispateCupuliferousCyathiformDepressedDiscoid DiscoidDolabriformEllipsoidEllipsoidalElongateEmarginateEnsiformEntireEquifacialEroseExcurrentFasciated

FiliformFimbriateFistularFlatFlexuousFunneliformFusiformGibbousGloboseGlochidiateHippocrepiformInvaginatedKeeledLabiateLacerateLaciniateLageniformLamellateLenticularMoniliformMucronate

MucronulateNavicularObcompressedObliqueOblongObovoidObtuseOvoidPanduratePapilliformPersonatePolygonalPraemorsePunctiformPungentPyriformQuadrate-rhombicRadiateRaisedRepandRetuse

RhombicRhombic-orbicularRhomboidRotateScutateSerrateSerrulateSetiformSigmoidSinuateSpicateSpinescentStellateSubgloboseSubulateTailedTaperingTereteTetrahedalTransversely rhombicTriangulate

TrigonalTubularTurbinateUmbilicateUncinateUndulateUnguiculateUrceolateVasiformVirgateWaistedShapeAndForm

Shape

Form

OutlineShape

AcicularAwl-ShapedCordateCuneateDeltoidEllipticFalcateFlabellate

HastateLanceolateLigulateLinearLingulateLyrateObcordateObdeltoid

OblanceolateObovateObtrullateOrbicularOrbiculateOvalOvateReniform

RotundSagittateSpathulateSubcordateSubcuneateSuborbicularTrullate

None of the states describing Form are

restricted in their application

ArilloidBaccateCaliciformCalyculateCaruncuboidDrupaceousFlaccidFoliaceous

HygroscopicInflatedLianousPetaloidPlumose PulviniformSaccateSamaroid

SepaloidSpathaceousTuberousTubularTumidTurgidVentricoseVesicular

Page 31: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

ShapeAndForm

Shape

Form

OutlineShape

AcicularAwl-ShapedCordateCuneateDeltoidEllipticFalcateFlabellate

HastateLanceolateLigulateLinearLingulateLyrateObcordateObdeltoid

OblanceolateObovateObtrullateOrbicularOrbiculateOvalOvateReniform

RotundSagittateSpathulateSubcordateSubcuneateSuborbicularTrullate

ArilloidBaccateCaliciformCalyculateCaruncuboidDrupaceousFlaccidFoliaceous

HygroscopicInflatedLianousPetaloidPlumose PulviniformSaccateSamaroid

SepaloidSpathaceousTuberousTubularTumidTurgidVentricoseVesicular

AcuminateAcuteAnnularApiculateAristateAttenuateAuriculateBilabiateBiserrateCampanulateCanaliculateCapillaryCapsularCarinateCaudateCirrhousClavateCompressedConcaveConicalConvex

CotyloidCrenateCrenately lobedCrenulateCrested CrispateCupuliferousCyathiformDepressedDiscoid DiscoidDolabriformEllipsoidEllipsoidalElongateEmarginateEnsiformEntireEquifacialEroseExcurrentFasciated

FiliformFimbriateFistularFlatFlexuousFunneliformFusiformGibbousGloboseGlochidiateHippocrepiformInvaginatedKeeledLabiateLacerateLaciniateLageniformLamellateLenticularMoniliformMucronate

MucronulateNavicularObcompressedObliqueOblongObovoidObtuseOvoidPanduratePapilliformPersonatePolygonalPraemorsePunctiformPungentPyriformQuadrate-rhombicRadiateRaisedRepandRetuse

RhombicRhombic-orbicularRhomboidRotateRoundedSalverformScutateSerrateSerrulateSetiformSigmoidSinuateSpicateSpinescentStellateSubgloboseSubulateTailedTaperingTereteTetrahedal

Transversely rhombic Triangulate TrigonalTruncateTubularTurbinateUmbilicateUncinateUndulateUnguiculateUrceolateVasiformVirgateWaisted

Context Group 69 for Shape is restricted to the description of:

•Calyx•Corolla•Floret•Flower•Perianth

•Perigone•Petal•Sepal•Tepal

Page 32: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

ShapeAndForm

Shape

Form

OutlineShape

AcicularAwl-ShapedCordateCuneateDeltoidEllipticFalcateFlabellate

HastateLanceolateLigulateLinearLingulateLyrateObcordateObdeltoid

OblanceolateObovateObtrullateOrbicularOrbiculateOvalOvateReniform

RotundSagittateSpathulateSubcordateSubcuneateSuborbicularTrullate

ArilloidBaccateCaliciformCalyculateCaruncuboidDrupaceousFlaccidFoliaceous

HygroscopicInflatedLianousPetaloidPlumose PulviniformSaccateSamaroid

SepaloidSpathaceousTuberousTubularTumidTurgidVentricoseVesicular

AcuminateAcuteAnnularApiculateAristateAttenuateAuriculateBilabiateBiserrateCampanulateCanaliculateCapillaryCapsularCarinateCaudateCirrhousClavateCompressedConcaveConicalConvex

CotyloidCrenateCrenately lobedCrenulateCrested CrispateCupuliferousCyathiformDepressedDiscoid DiscoidDolabriformEllipsoidEllipsoidalElongateEmarginateEnsiformEntireEquifacialEroseExcurrentFasciated

FiliformFimbriateFistularFlatFlexuousFunneliformFusiformGibbousGloboseGlochidiateHippocrepiformInvaginatedKeeledLabiateLacerateLaciniateLageniformLamellateLenticularMoniliformMucronate

MucronulateNavicularObcompressedObliqueOblongObovoidObtuseOvoidPanduratePapilliformPersonatePolygonalPraemorsePunctiformPungentPyriformQuadrate-rhombicRadiateRaisedRepandRetuse

RhombicRhombic-orbicularRhomboidRotateRoundedSalverformScutateSerrateSerrulateSetiformSigmoidSinuateSpicateSpinescentStellateSubgloboseSubulateTailedTaperingTereteTetrahedal

Transversely rhombic Triangulate TrigonalTruncateTubularTurbinateUmbilicateUncinateUndulateUnguiculateUrceolateVasiformVirgateWaisted

Context Group 5 for Shape is restricted to the description of:

•Leaf•Leaflet•Sepal•Stipule

•Base•Petal•Tepal•Bract

Page 33: Attempting to capture the semantic relationships between state terms as used by taxonomists by organising the states according to a hierarchy of qualitative

AcuminateAcuteAnnularApiculateAristateAttenuateAuriculateBilabiateBiserrateCampanulateCanaliculateCapillaryCapsularCarinateCaudateCirrhousClavateCompressedConcaveConicalConvex

CotyloidCrenateCrenately lobedCrenulateCrested CrispateCupuliferousCyathiformDepressedDiscoid DiscoidDolabriformEllipsoidEllipsoidalElongateEmarginateEnsiformEntireEquifacialEroseExcurrentFasciated

FiliformFimbriateFistularFlatFlexuousFunneliformFusiformGibbousGloboseGlochidiateHippocrepiformInvaginatedKeeledLabiateLacerateLaciniateLageniformLamellateLenticularMoniliformMucronate

MucronulateNavicularObcompressedObliqueOblongObovoidObtuseOvoidPanduratePapilliformPersonatePolygonalPraemorsePunctiformPungentPyriformQuadrate-rhombicRadiateRaisedRepandRetuse

RhombicRhombic-orbicularRhomboidRotateRoundedSalverformScutateSerrateSerrulateSetiformSigmoidSinuateSpicateSpinescentStellateSubgloboseSubulateTailedTaperingTereteTetrahedal

Transversely rhombic Triangulate TrigonalTruncateTubularTurbinateUmbilicateUncinateUndulateUnguiculateUrceolateVasiformVirgateWaisted

Context Group 68 for ShapeAndForm is restricted to the description of:

•Fruit

ShapeAndForm

Shape

Form

OutlineShape

AcicularAwl-ShapedCordateCuneateDeltoidEllipticFalcateFlabellate

HastateLanceolateLigulateLinearLingulateLyrateObcordateObdeltoid

OblanceolateObovateObtrullateOrbicularOrbiculateOvalOvateReniform

RotundSagittateSpathulateSubcordateSubcuneateSuborbicularTrullate

ArilloidBaccateCaliciformCalyculateCaruncuboidDrupaceousFlaccidFoliaceous

HygroscopicInflatedLianousPetaloidPlumose PulviniformSaccateSamaroid

SepaloidSpathaceousTuberousTubularTumidTurgidVentricoseVesicular


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STRATEGY 1 ORGANISING STRATEGY What is organising? Why organise? Strategy 0

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Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists San Pedro, … Invertebrate Taxonomists 3720 Stephen White Drive San Pedro, California 90731 f ... this newsletter is a letter from Dr. D. Reish and