attempts · writuparnadutta& pujaray attempts department of biological sciences, presidency...
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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288990460
Attempts on using fungal enzymes in weed biocontrol
Presentation · November 2014
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1704.9682
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2 authors:
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Evaluation of phytopathogens associated with some major aquatic weeds with emphasis on their toxin production View project
Studies on enhancing biological control mechanism of aquatic weed, water hyacinth through integration of insects and fungal agents View project
Writuparna Dutta
Presidency University, Kolkata
36 PUBLICATIONS 4 CITATIONS
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Puja Ray
Presidency University, Kolkata
57 PUBLICATIONS 149 CITATIONS
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Writuparna Dutta & Puja Ray
ATTEMPTS
Department of Biological Sciences,
Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata-700073, India
e-mail- [email protected]
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Eichhornia crassipes :
• Commonly known as water hyacinth
• Is an aquatic plant native to the Amazon basin
• Considered a highly problematic invasive species outside its
native range.
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WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF THE WEED
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PROGRESSION OF THE PLANT
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Water Hyacinth
Invasiveness
breeding places for
mosquitoes & other
creatures
excessive wastage of
water through transpiration
reducing its levels of
oxygen, thus loss of aquatic
organisms
difficulty for some fishing
methods
Curtail recreation
activities , i.e. swimming,
boating, etc.
disrupt hydro-electric power
generation
block pipes pumping water from
the dam, impair
navigation
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IN THE BULLETIN, SPREADING TERROR
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HOW CAN WE CONTROL THE INVASIVENESS?
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CONTROL METHODOLOGIES:
MANUAL CONTROL MECHANICAL CONTROL
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CONTROL METHODOLOGY:
CHEMICAL CONTROL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
1. INSECTS
2. FUNGUS
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Let’s look into ways of controlling the weed from its core level
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ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE CELL WALL
Cellulose microfibrils are linked via hemicellulosic tethers to form the cellulose-
hemicellulose network, which is embedded in the pectin matrix
Cellulose:
35-50%
Xylan:
20-35%
Lignin:10-25%
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LET’S BREAK THE RIGIDITY…
Hydrolytic enzymes like cellulase and pectinase, "degrade" cell walls by breaking
polymers into smaller subunits or by breaking crosslinks.
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AIMS & OBJECTIVES
Isolation and purification of fungal strains
from infected water hyacinth
Studies on biocontrol potential of the enzymes
Enhancing lytic activities by enzymes from
non-pathogenic/ less pathogenic/ potential
fungal species
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FROM WHERE DO WE GET THE ENZYMES?
Isolation and purification of fungal strains from infected water hyacinth
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ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF FUNGAL STRAINS
Leaf pieces of about 2mm square
were cut from the margins of
necrotic or chlorotic lesions on
the surface.
Pieces were placed on earlier
prepared petri-plates containing
potato dextrose agar (PDA)
medium and incubated for 3-4
days at 27o
C.
The fungal species isolated earlier
were purified by streak-plate and
sub culturing techniques.
It was carried out until fresh true
monoculture of each fungus was
obtained.
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Pure cultures of some fungi flora isolated from water hyacinth.
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ENZYMES FROM FUNGUS INOCULATED
Inoculation of the fungi with different substrates
Enzymes were produced, from different fungi subsequently, and were stored.
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STUDIES ON BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF FUNGAL
ENZYMES
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PATHOGENICITY TEST OF THE FUNGI
Disease severity rating:
- no symptom (healthy plant)
+ mild symptom (>15% of leaf area)
++ moderate symptom (16-59% of leaf area)
+++ severe symptom (60-100% of leaf area)
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THE STORY DOESN’T END HERE…
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LYTIC ACTIVITIES OF VARIOUS FUNGI:
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
cellulolytic pectinolytic xylanolytic
En
zym
e A
cti
vit
y (U
/m
l)
Types of Lytic Enzymes
Myrothecium
Fusarium
Curvularia
Rhizoctonia
Trichoderma
Alternaria
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EFFECT OF VARIOUS SUBSTRATES (ENZYMES RELEASED) FROM
Trichoderma sp.
0
100
200
300En
zym
e A
ctiv
ity
( U
/ml )
Pectinases and hemicellulases (β –glucosidase, endoglucanase and
endoxylanase) shows the maximum production. So, they were carried for
experimentation into the next level.
Preparing various extracellular enzymes in submerged fermentation (SmF).
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STABILITY AND ACTIVITY OF THE LYTIC ENZYME FROM Trichoderma sp.
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ENZYME OVER TOXIN?ENZYME IS A PRIMARY METABOLITE WHILE TOXINS ARE USUALLY SECONDARY METABOLITE
Primary metabolite is produced during the growth period (Lag phase).
While, secondary metabolite is produced only after the logarithmic phase
(Trophophase) is completed, during the stationary phase (Idiophase)
1. All fungi do not produce effective toxins2. Primary metabolite are also effective from early phase of the micro-organisms
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CONCLUSION
The invasive weed:
Different enzymes could be produced from fungal-infected
weeds.
Utilising the enzymes in fungal biocontrol, which causes much
quicker application.
Lytic enzymes from Trichoderma sp. :
With high pH and temp stability
So far the literature study is concerned, this is the first report of
utilization of enzymes from fungal strains, collected from water
hyacinth, for the biocontrol of the invasive weed.
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