attitudes toward soil and water conservation needs and potential climate change scenarios by farmers...
TRANSCRIPT
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Attitudes toward Soil and Water Conservation, Climate Change and Information Sources by Farmers
in Dryland areas of the Inland Pacific Northwest
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R. L. Mahler, J. D. Wulfhorst and S. D. Eigenbrode
University of IdahoMoscow, ID
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Sponsors
• USDA-NIFA-406 Regional Water Quality
- 2000-2004- 2005-2010
• USDA-NIFA-406 CEAP• USDA-NIFA-REACCH
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www.reacchpna.org
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Methodology
• Statistically designed surveys were developed and administered to growers within the region
• The Dillman mail-based survey methodology was used.
• Over 5,000 farmers have been surveyed since 2002
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Methodology (continued)
• Five different surveys were conducted in this 12-year time period
• Four step mail-based survey:- Step 1: letter, survey, return envelope- Step 2: reminder postcard- Step 3: more urgent letter, survey- Step 4: reminder postcard
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Methodology (continued)
• Survey methodology was designed to achieve a grower response rate of at least 40%.
• Grower response rate exceeded 50% in two the the five surveys.
• Sampling error was less than 6%.
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Reported Findings
1. Sources of Farmer Information2. Internet Use3. Use of New Technologies4. Views toward Climate Change5. Soil Conservation6. Water Conservation
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1. Sources of farmer information
• Growers were asked about the trustworthyness of sources for farming information
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Trustworthyness of farming information sources
Information source TrustProducers in same county 84.8%Company crop advisors 81.3%University Extension 73.0%Independent crop advisors 67.7%Local SWCDs 64.3%NRCS-state level 49.8%
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2. Internet Use
• Growers were asked what they use the internet for and how frequently they use it
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Use of Internet by Growers
Task Use, %Visiting web sites 88.1E-mail use 81.9Managing finances 56.4Sharing photos 49.6Downloading budgets/ag software
31.3
Watching movies/videos 19.3
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Frequency of Internet Use
Frequency %Everyday 63.6Once or twice a week 16.9Few times a month 4.8Few times a year 3.3Never 7.9
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App Use (smart phone or tablet)
App use %Yes, I use 25.4Yes, I have – but don’t use for farming
12.0
No 54.1I don’t know 4.1
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3. Use of New Technologies
• Growers were asked of they use some of the newer farming technologies including:
- Guidance systems- Auto-steer systems- Section controllers- Variable rate systems
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Adaptation of New Technologies
Technology Adoption rate, %Guidance systems 46.8Auto-steer systems 36.6Section controllers 25.5Variable rate systems
20.4
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Impact of Age on TechnologyTech 20 to 40
years41 to 60
years>60
yearsP-value
Guidance 63.3 52.6 30.0 0.0001
Auto-steer
51.0 40.4 20.0 0.0023
Section controls
34.7 28.4 11.2 0.0260
Variable rate
22.5 25.3 10.2 0.0074
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Impact of Years FarmingTechnology Years farming
contrastP-value
Guidance systems
16 to 30 vs. 46 to 60 0.0001
Variable rate systems
16 to 30 vs. 46 to 60 0.0074
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4. Climate Change Views
• Grower views were compared to the urban public in the Pacific Northwest.
• The importance and merit of the climate change issue was surveyed.
• Grower sources on climate changes were evaluated on their trustworthyness.
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Importance of Climate Change - URBAN
Importance 2011 2014% %
Important, must address 52 62Important, address if economical 15 13Don’t know 20 14Not important, don’t address 10 10
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Importance of Climate Change - 2014
Importance URBAN FARMER% %
Important, must address 62 23Important, address if economical 13 29Don’t know 14 31Not important, don’t address 30 17
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Merit of climate change - URBAN
How compelling?
2011 2014
% %Overwhelming 15 20Good 32 51Don’t know 14 10Science in disarray
29 13
Not compelling 10 6
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Merit of climate change - 2014
How compelling?
URBAN FARMER
% %Overwhelming 20 9Good 51 24Don’t know 10 42Science in disarray
13 10
Not compelling 6 15
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Trustworthyness of climate change information sources
Information source TrustUniversity Extension 47.8%Local SWCDs 42.7%Company crop advisors 41.6%Producers in same county 38.8%Independent crop advisors 37.2%NRCS-state level 35.3%
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5. Soil Conservation
• Growers were asked about:- the importance of soil
conservation- their engagement in soil
conservation
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Soil Conservation - Importance
Importance Percent of growersExtremely important 32.4Important 30.1Somewhat important
13.2
Less important 12.1Not important 12.2
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Soil Conservation - Engagement
Engagement level Growers, %Highly engaged 42.8Moderately engaged 29.1Somewhat engaged 12.6Low engagement 7.1No engagement 8.4
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6. Water Conservation
• Growers were asked about:- the importance of water
conservation- their engagement in water
conservation
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Water Conservation - Importance
Importance Percent of growersExtremely important 16.6Important 24.5Somewhat important
34.2
Less important 16.6Not important 8.1
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Water Conservation - Engagement
Engagement level Growers, %Highly engaged 17.4Moderately engaged 24.1Somewhat engaged 20.2Low engagement 18.0No engagement 20.3
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Conclusions1. Growers consider local producers and local company crop advisors to have the best farming information.
LOCAL BESTSTATEWIDE WORST
2. Growers are internet literate; 63% use everyday; 80%+ visit web sites and use e-mail.
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Conclusions3. A majority of growers use the internet to manage their finances.
4. Growers are adapting new farming technologies in the region; younger growers are much more likely to use these innovative techniques.
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Conclusions5. The urban PNW public wants climate change addressed. Conversely, farmers are more cynical about climate change science.
6. Farmers trust University Extension more than other sources for climate change information.
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Conclusions7. Over ¾ of farmers consider soil conservation important. In fact over 71% of growers are moderately or highly engaged in the use of soil conservation practices.
8. Farmers also consider water conservation important – but not as important as soil conservation. Over 41% of farmers are highly or moderately engaged in the use of water conservation practices.
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