attribute illumination of basement faults examples from cuu long basin, vietnam
DESCRIPTION
Attribute Illumination of Basement Faults Examples from Cuu Long Basin, Vietnam Ha T. Mai, Kurt J. Marfurt, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA. INTRODUCTION. DIRECTIONAL CURVATURE. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Attribute Illumination of Basement FaultsExamples from Cuu Long Basin, Vietnam
Ha T. Mai, Kurt J. Marfurt, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
• Faults and fractures play an important role in forming effective fracture porosity for hydrocarbon traps in fractured basement reservoirs in many places, such as Venezuela, USA, Morocco, Brazil, Libya, Algeria, Russia ... and Vietnam.
• Since this type of reservoir is very complicated, lack of stratified, coherent reflectors, illumination of basement faults/fractures is more problematic than illumination of faults within the sedimentary column.
• In order to address these problems, it is important to carefully analyze different seismic attributes.
• Seismic attribute is any measure of seismic data, related to target objects, such as time, velocity, amplitude, frequency, phase, energy … that helps us better visualize or quantify features of interpretation interest (which is faults/fractures surface in our case here).
• Using proper set of seismic attributes can greatly help interpreters to delineate sweet spots, characterize fractured basement reservoirs, and better aid drilling.
In this research, we present several computation methods to enhance the signature of faults/fractures within basement zone, by taking seismic amplitude data, we generate the following seismic attributes:
- Apparent dip- Amplitude gradients- Curvature
These seismic attribute volumes will then be rotated in different pre-defined directions, in order to better show the location or development of faults /fracture system in fractured basement.
Curvature in 2-D is defined by the radius of a circle tangent to a curve. In 3-D, we need to fit two circles tangent to a surface. The circle with minimum radius is the maximum curvature (kmax) and the circle with maximum radius is the minimum curvature (kmin). Based on inline and crossline dip components, we calculate maximum, minimum curvature, and minimum curvature azimuth.From these three attributes volumes, we compute the apparent curvature of reflection surface for any pre-defined direction .
A planar surface such as dipping horizon or faults can be presented by its true dip azimuth q and strike . The true dip can be presented by apparent dips x and y along the x and y axes Having apparent dips at any two direction, we can reverse the calculation, and find true dip or apparent dip at any direction. With that in mind, we expect to see planar or steeply dipping features more distinctly by viewing them perpendicular to their strike.Base on this property, we choose to do directional analysis on three attributes:• Dip angle of reflection surface• Amplitude gradient• Curvature of reflection surface
INTRODUCTION
METHODS SOFTWARE
Dip angle is the angle of most coherence signal in a direction of analysisAmplitude gradient is the lateral gradient of coherent amplitude along a direction of analysis
- Take post-stack 3-D seismic data as input- Apply filter and smoothing methods to reduce noise and increase the coherency in the data. - Calculate dip angle and amplitude gradient for inline and crossline direction- Calculate dip angle and amplitude gradient for any defined direction.
DIRECTIONAL APPARENT DIP ANGLE AND AMPLITUDE GRADIENT
Chopra and Marfurt 2007
DIRECTIONAL CURVATURE
Seismic cube
AASPI processing package
Crossline dip/grad
cube
Directionaldip/grad
cube
Inline dip/grad
cube
)sin()cos( yx ppp
Seismic cube
AttributeVolumes
3-D Seismic Volume AASPI Attribute Softwarehttp://geology.ou.edu/aaspi/
Seismic attributes such as structural dip, gradient, structure oriented filter, energy, curvatures, …
)(cos)(sin 2min
2max kkk
AASPI processing package
Min curvature azimuth
cube
Directionalcurvature
cube
Inline component
Crossline component
Min curvature
cube
Max curvature
cube
Curvature in two dimensions Curvature in three dimensions
In order to demonstrate the mention methods, we will present some results from fractured basement of Cuu Long basin in Vietnam.Taking 3-D post-stack depth migrated seismic data from Cuu Long Basin as an input, using our AASPI Attribute Processing Software, we calculate directional attribute volumes, then present the results for directional dip angle, apparent amplitude gradient, and curvature at calculation directions of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 from North. Depth slices at 2750m is being shown. This is the depth right bellow basement surface.The results will show that different features will show up better in few analysis direction, and some other features will show up better in other analysis directions. Scanning though the different analysis directions, we can extract more information from seismic data.
APPLICATION
=30 =0 =60 =90 =120 =150
Attribute Illumination of Basement FaultsExamples from Cuu Long Basin, Vietnam
Ha T. Mai, Kurt J. Marfurt, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
REFERENCES
B. DIRECTIONAL AMPLITUDE GRADIENT
The structure of Pre-Cenozoic basement of the Cuu Long Basin is very complex, and is mainly composed of magmatic rocks. Under the influence of tectonic activity, the basement was broken into a suite of fault systems.
This faulting provided favorable conditions for hydrocarbons from a laterally deeper Oligocene-Miocene formation to migrate and accumulate in the basement high. The basement is un-layered granitic rocks, such that the seismic signal appears to be very weak and noisy. We apply our workflow to enhance the faults signatures will aid our seismic interpretation, with the ultimate goal of estimating fracture location, density, and orientation
We will focus on depth slice 2750m, which is right bellow top of basement, and examine the directional at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 from North.
CUU LONG BASIN - INTRODUCTIONSeveral modern attributes, including volumetric computation of structural dip and azimuth, structural curvature, amplitude gradients, and amplitude curvature, are multi-component in nature and are thus amenable to visualization from different user-controlled perspectives. Precomputing every desired azimuthal view results in consumption of significant disk storage. However, through the use of ‘fast-batch’ spreadsheet-like attribute calculators available in several 3D interpretation software packages, such manipulation can now be put under user control. Eventually, we envision generating truly interactive azimuthal visualization software, thereby enabling the interpret to extract as much information from the data as possible.
CONCLUSIONS
We would like to thank PetroVietnam and Cuu Long JOC for providing seismic data, and allowing us to publish the results used in this report.- The attribute seismic results are generated by a processing package developed by AASPI group at University of Oklahoma. - The rotation of the images was achieved through the use Stanford’s SEPlib mathematic utility- The slice images are generated using of Schlumberger’s Petrel. - The Rose diagrams were generated using Dr. R. J. Holocombe’s GEOrient software.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• Barnes, A. E., 1996, Theory of two-dimensional complex seismic trace analysis: Geophysics, 61, 264-272.
• Chopra, S., and K.J. Marfurt, 2007, Seismic attributes for prospect identification and reservoir characterization: Geophysical Developments 11, Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
• Barnes, A. E., 2000, Weighted average seismic attributes: Geophysics, 65, 275–285.• Barnes, A. E., 2003, Shaded relief seismic attribute: Geophysics, 68, 1281–1285.• Denison, R. E., 1981, Basement rocks in Northeast Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey
Circular 84.• Luza, K. V., and J.E. Lawson, 1983, Seismicity and tectonic relationships of the Nemaha Uplift
in Oklahoma Part V.• Marfurt, K. J., 2006, Robust estimates of 3D reflector dip and azimuth: Geophysics, 71, 29-40.• Randen, T., E. Monsen, C. Signer, A. Abrahamsen, J. O. Hansen, T. Soeter, J. Schlaf, and L.
Sonneland: 2000, Three-dimensional texture attributes for seismic data analysis, 70th International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 19, 668-671.
• Roberts, A., 2001, Curvature attributes and their application to 3D interpreted horizons. First Break, 19, 85-99.
• Singh, S. K., H. Abu_Habbiel, B. Khan, M. Akbar, A. Etchecopar, and B.Montaron, 2008, Mapping fracture corridors in naturally fractured reservoirs: an example from Middle East carbonates: First Break, 26, no. 5, 109-113.
• Thorman, C. H., and M.H. Hibpshman, 1979, Status of mineral resource information for the Osage Indian Reservation,
• Oklahoma :Administrative Report BIA-47, U.S. Geological Survey and Bureau of Mines.
seismic Most negative curvature
Most positive curvatureVariance
Inline amplitude gradient
Crossline amplitude gradient
Inline Dip
Crossline Dip
A. DIRECTIONAL APPARENT DIP
C. DIRECTIONAL CURVATURE
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1000m
=0
1
1
=30
1000m
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
=60
1000m
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
=90
1000m
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
=120
1000m
=150
1000m
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1000m
=0
1
1
2
2
=30
1000m
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
=60
1000m
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
=90
1000m
2
1
2
2
2
2
=120
1000m
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
=150
1000m
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1000m
=0 =30
1000m
=60
1000m
=90
1000m
=120
1000m
=150
1000m
=0
1000m
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
=30
1000m
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
=60
1000m
2
2
2
2
2
2
1000m
=90
2
2
2
2
2
2
1000m
=120
2
2
2
1000m
=150
2
1000m
=0 =30
1000m
=60
1000m
=90
1000m
=120
1000m
=150
1000m
=0
=90
=0
=90
kmax
kmin
kmin azimuth
Most negative curvature Most positive curvature
Dip Magnitude with basement topSeismic with basement top