Audience, Context, Audience, Context, and the Rhetorical and the Rhetorical

TriangleTriangle

Argumentative Writing Part 2Argumentative Writing Part 2

AudienceAudience

To whom are you addressing To whom are you addressing your argument.your argument.

Attributes of your audience: Attributes of your audience: social, cultural, institutional, social, cultural, institutional, economic, linguistic, education, economic, linguistic, education, geographic contextsgeographic contexts

Are you preaching to the choir.Are you preaching to the choir.

Appealing to an Audience Appealing to an Audience

Pathos: Appeal to emotion.Pathos: Appeal to emotion. Loaded LanguageLoaded Language Imagery, both literal and Imagery, both literal and figurativefigurative

Narratives and TestimonialsNarratives and TestimonialsTone (humor, sarcasm, nostalgia, Tone (humor, sarcasm, nostalgia, anger)anger)

Appeal to group mentality. Appeal to group mentality.

Appealing to an AudienceAppealing to an Audience Ethos: An appeal to ethics. Ethos: An appeal to ethics.

Writer’s backgroundWriter’s backgroundUse of appropriate languageUse of appropriate languageUse of appropriate dictionUse of appropriate dictionWhere the work is publishedWhere the work is publishedFair minded/ sense of knowledge Fair minded/ sense of knowledge about both sides of an about both sides of an argument.argument.

Conceding some points.Conceding some points.

Appealing to an AudienceAppealing to an Audience Logos: Appeal to logic and Logos: Appeal to logic and

reasonreasonTheories/Scientific FactsTheories/Scientific FactsAnalogiesAnalogiesStatistics and dataStatistics and dataAppeal to AuthorityAppeal to AuthorityExamplesExamplesDefinitions Definitions

The Rhetorical TriangleThe Rhetorical Triangle

Context

Topic/Logos

Writer/EthosAudience/Pathos

Rhetoric as a ReaderRhetoric as a Reader

LogosLogosWhat is the occasion for the What is the occasion for the argument?argument?

What statistics and facts does What statistics and facts does the author offer for support?the author offer for support?

What conclusions does the What conclusions does the author come to?author come to?

Rhetoric as a ReaderRhetoric as a Reader

EthosEthosHow does the author create a How does the author create a persona?persona?

Does the author seem Does the author seem knowledgeable about both knowledgeable about both sides of an argument?sides of an argument?

Does the author concede any Does the author concede any points?points?

Rhetoric as a ReaderRhetoric as a Reader

PathosPathosFor what audience is the text For what audience is the text written?written?

What emotional appeals does What emotional appeals does the author make?the author make?

What tone does the author use? What tone does the author use? What is your reaction towards What is your reaction towards it?it?

Rhetoric for the WriterRhetoric for the Writer

LogosLogosWhat is my purpose for writing?What is my purpose for writing?Have I offered compelling Have I offered compelling statistics and facts?statistics and facts?

Do I show how my evidence Do I show how my evidence proves my claim?proves my claim?

Rhetoric for the WriterRhetoric for the Writer

EthosEthosHave I established my persona?Have I established my persona?Have I proven myself to be Have I proven myself to be credible?credible?

Have I evaluated the other Have I evaluated the other opinion? Are there places where opinion? Are there places where I should cede points?I should cede points?

Rhetoric for the WriterRhetoric for the Writer

PathosPathosHave I taken my audience into Have I taken my audience into consideration?consideration?

Is my audience hostile, or am I Is my audience hostile, or am I preaching to the choir?preaching to the choir?

What emotional appeals will What emotional appeals will reach my audience?reach my audience?

Have I created a purposeful Have I created a purposeful tone?tone?