No Slide Title

AUDIOMEDIA1

Created}Borrowed}MicrophoneMIDI keyboardCDs & flash drivesInternetAudio Sources2When dealing with audio media, there are two different approaches to recording, saving, and playing these media:Recorded Soundsoundvoicemusic33When dealing with audio media, there are two different approaches to recording, saving, and playing these media:Recorded Soundsoundvoicemusic4Synthesized Musicmusic

4When dealing with audio media, there are two different approaches to recording, saving, and playing these media:Recorded Soundsoundvoicemusic5Synthesized Musicmusic5 .WAVe (PC) .AIFf (Mac) .AUdio (Sun - Unix & PC) Others

Synthesized Formats .MIDi (PC & Mac) .RMI (PC)

Waveform Formats661. # of channels2. Sampling rate3. # of bits of soundWhen dealing with waveform sounds, there are 3 factors:7Lets look at eachof these in detail.Mono - 1 channel (track)Stereo - 2 channels (tracks)8Sound # of channels81 secondContinuous (analog)9Sound Sampling rate91 secondSampled 25/sec. (digital)10Sound Sampling rate10 Human hearing 20 - 20,000 cps (Hz) 8 bits of sound 28 = 256 different frequencies 19,980 / 256 = 78 cps steps11 16 bits of sound 216 = 65,536 different freq.19,980 / 65,536 = .3 cps stepsSound # of bits of sound11 .WAVe files (record/play sound waves) voice - 11,025 times/sec. sampling rate 8 bit sound mono 3.5 floppy diskette holds 134 sec.

12Sound # of bits of sound12 .WAVe files (record/play sound waves) CD - 44,100 times/sec. sampling rate 16 bit sound stereo 3.5 floppy diskette holds 8 sec.

13Sound # of bits of sound13 .MIDi files (synthesize musical instruments) Like sheet music frequency (note) duration voice - (piano, drums, guitar, sax) 94 second score is only 28k

14Music synthesized14WAVe vs. MIDiAlthough waveform files allow the recording, editing, and playback of sound, voice, and music, they usually require large file sizes. A typical voice recording in mono and with an 11 K sampling rate requires approximately 11,000 bytes/second and a CD quality recording in stereo with a 44k sampling rate requires approximately 176,000 bytes/second. Whereas, a typical MIDI file requires approximately 200 bytes/second! However, MIDI files can only contain the instructions to play music, and the creation of a MIDI file requires a MIDI device (keyboard) and musical talent. However, you can find MIDI editors on the Internet. 15 8 11 KHz / Mono lowest standard that should be used 8 11 KHz / Stereo no advantage in using stereo 8 22 KHz / Mono sounds like AM radio 16 22 KHz / Mono okay for narrations 16 44 KHz / Stereo CD-quality sound # of bits sampling rate uses File Size Considerations16Similar to what we saw with graphics files, depending on the format that is used, audio files can use different amounts of space. As an example, Diesel.au requires 380Kbytes while Diesel.wav requires 760 Kbytes. Although, AU files require less space, many applications, including VB, are unable to use sound files in this format.17 File Size Considerationscompressed vs. uncompressed

mp3 a challenge to CDs?18mp3, m4a (used by Apple), and wma (used by Windows) are compressed audio files, but unlike jpg graphics files, these are not lossy compressions. That is, the audio files are compressed, but when uncompressed, they are restored to full quality.

The compression/decompression is usually done by software and are known as codecs.19mp3 a challenge to CDs?As an example of the amount of compression, I have two versions of Freebird. Freebird.m4a is a 8.6 MB file While Freebird.wav is a 93.8 MB fileThe m4a file is only 9% the size of the wav file20mp3 a challenge to CDs?A portion of Freebird.wav isused in our next assignment.AUDIOSOFTWARE21

Audio SoftwareMedia Player (Windows) - player for WAV, WMA, MID, and many other audio file types.Sound Recorder (Windows) - recorder for WMA files.Goldwave (www.goldwave.com) - editor, player, recorder, and converter for numerous audio file types.Audio Studio (http://www.sonycreativesoftware.com/audiostudio) - editor, player, recorder, and converter for numerous audio file types.

22Consider the following example:23Several years ago when I was using PowerPoint 97, I wanted to use DIESEL.AU, a file that I found on the Internet, as a sound effect in my presentation. However, PowerPoint 97 (and VB 2010!) only play WAVe files, and the file was too long (48 seconds).

24Consider the following example:

48 seconds25Consider the following example:

14 seconds

26Consider the following example:

27Consider the following example:Download vs. Streaming

28Received first,then playedSoftware is needed to:createplayInitial downloadBufferedongoing download withsimultaneous play backSoftware is needed to:createserveplay29Download vs. Streaming30

Amount downloadedAmount playedAudioSound.WAV.SND.AU etc.Music.MIDi.MP3/.M4A.RA/.RAM.ASF.MP3/.M4A(Downloaded)(Streamed)31For this course, we will learn how to integrate existing wave files into VB programs.32My.Computer.Audio33Other than a brief reference to My.Computer on pages 88 and 89, the text does discuss this topic. However, consider the following references:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bc61hbxh.aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms127794.aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cf1shcah(VS.90).aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualbasic.devices.audio.stop.aspx

Read the Descriptionof Assigment-934*Marker Ocarina*mergedSB16 1 E. Piano1*mergedSB16 2 Flute*mergedSB16 3 25*mergedSB16 10 25*mergedSB16 10 25*mergedSB16 10 25*mergedSB16 10