Aufbau Principle Electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first.

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Chemistry 11 – Atomic Theory Study Guide

The Periodic Table and Its Trends

The modern periodic table, which was designed by Mendeleev, contains all the elements that have been

discovered. It organizes elements according to _____________________.

Classifying elements according to their metallic character:

• There is a ___________________ that separates the metals from non-metals

• On the left are the __________ and on the right are the______________

• __________________________ are elements that are found next to the zig-zag line and have

properties of both metal and non-metal. (e.g., B, Si, Ge, As, Se, Sb, Te)

Arrangement of elements on the periodic table:

Definition:

• Period:____________________________________________________________________

• Group (Family) :____________________________________________________________

Some special groups of elements:

Alkali Metals (Group 1)

• Have ______ e- in the outermost shell and have ______ ions

• Very _____________ (especially with water)

• Reactivity increases as you go ___________________ of the family

o This is generally true for all families

More notes about other families on “Family Ties” worksheet.

Other trends: Atomic Radii, Metallic Character, Ionization Energy, Electronegativity

Definition:

• Atomic radius:________________________________________________________________

As you go from ____________ to _____________, the size of atom _____________ so atomic radii

_________________. As you go from ____________ to _____________, atomic radii _____________

because of increase in ____________________ between protons and electrons. (More protons can

____________ electrons tightly.)

atomic number

Zig-zag line

metals non - metals

Semi - metal ( metalloid )

←

A group of elements found in a row of a p - table .

= a = in a column I = .

↳ Members have the same # Ve ?

= Behave in similar way .

I +1

reactive

down

eg ) K is more reactive

than Na

• →

⑦ The distance between the nucleus Is valence shell

top bottom ITA left right IAble of the new shell

net attraction

hold eg ) B bigger Vs F smaller

s÷. . •a.:!g¥⇐:

Chemistry 11 – Atomic Theory Study Guide

• Metallic character:_____________________________________________________________

OR :______________________________________________________________

As you go from ____________ to _____________, the metallic character _________________. As you

go from ____________ to _____________, the metallic character________________.

Why?

• Ionization Energy:______________________________________________________________

OR :______________________________________________________________

As you go from ____________ to _____________, the ionization energy _________________. As you

go from ____________ to _____________, the IE ________________.

Why?

• Electronegativity:______________________________________________________________

OR :______________________________________________________________

As you go from ____________ to _____________, the electronegativity _________________. As you

go from ____________ to _____________, the EN ________________.

Why?

Summary:

② The set of Chemical properties associated W/ metals

How easily an atom would give up valence e- ( Easy =

Furth )top bottom IT

left right Hv

The bigger the size of an atom , the easier

it is to lose valence e-

= more metal ie

③ Energy required to remove Ie - from valence shell

How easily an atom would give up valence e : CEasy = EE )top bottom He

left right A

The bigger the size of an atom,

the greater the

distance between pt and valence e-

= easier to remove e-

= Low IE

④ Tendency of an atom to attract e- from its neighbour .

How badly does an atom want to steal e- from others

. (MENdhrgn )top bottom I

left right A

The bigger the size of an atom,

the greater the distance

from pt to e-

of other atoms = unlikely to attract e-

= EN TS low .

IE is highest for noble gasEN B = = halogen

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Home Fun

• Complete p 164035 - 39 ,48 - 51

,53,55 ( Hebden )

• Read Hebden p 172 Ionic Bond

P 176 covalent Bond

171179 London Force

• complete HI # 12 to prepare for quiz ¥3

↳ Answer key is posted online