augmented reality case study augmented reality
TRANSCRIPT
AUGMENTED REALITY
AUGMENTED REALITY
AUGMENTED REALITY
AUGMENTED REALITY
AUGMENTED REALITY
Case StudyCase Study
AUGMENTED REALITY
AUGMENTED REALITY
AUGMENTED REALITY
AUGMENTED REALITY
AUGMENTED REALITY
AUGMENTED REALITY
AUGMENTED REALITY
AUGMENTED REALITY
AUGMENTED REALITY
AUGMENTED REALITY
CASE STUDYCASE STUDY Exposure treatment: One hour. The patient interacted with the cockroach in the container, and also with the cockroach outside the container. The patient killed four cockraches.
AUGMENTED REALITY
Treatment outcomes were maintained at one-month follow-up.
Reports of high Reality judgment and Presence.
AUGMENTED REALITY
Participants: 10 patients so far (9 women and 1 man)
Four with spider phobia Six with cockroach phobia
AUGMENTED REALITY
Case Series StudyCase Series Study
Treatment:Treatment: Adaptation of the one-session Adaptation of the one-session exposure program developed by Öst delivered with exposure program developed by Öst delivered with Augmented Reality.Augmented Reality.
AUGMENTED REALITY
Results: BAT (0-12)Results: BAT (0-12)PATIENTS BASELINE PRE-TEST POST-TEST
1 5 5 12
2 6 6 12
3 6 6 12
4 7 7 12
5 5 5 12
6 0 0 12
7 0 0 12
8 5 5 12
9 0 0 12
10 5 5 12
AUGMENTED REALITY
Results: Self-report (0-126)Results: Self-report (0-126)PATIENTS PRE-TEST POST-TEST
1 114 19
2 91 68
3 95 40
4 60 35
5 111 86
6 95 45
7 95 48
8 71 34
9 95 39
10 121 43
AUGMENTED REALITY
Preference: IN VIVO vs AR (0-7)Preference: IN VIVO vs AR (0-7)
PATIENTSPATIENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Willingness of getting involved in a treatment with AR exposure
7 4 7 7 7 7 6 7 7 7
Willingness of getting involved in a treatment with in vivo exposure
6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 5 5
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Satisfaction (0-10)Satisfaction (0-10)PATIENTSPATIENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Do you think the procedure is logic?
9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Your level of satisfaction with the procedure
10 9 9 8 8 8 10 10 10 10
Would you recommended it to a friend?
10 9 10 9 9 10 10 10 10 10
Do you think it could be useful for treating other psychological problems?
10 9 10 10 8 10 10 10 10 10
Do you find the treatment aversive?
2 7 7 1 5 7 1 7 9 0
Do you think the treatment has been useful in treating your problem?
10 7 10 7 7 7 9 10 10 10
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ConclusionsConclusions
AR: Efficacious in the treatment of specific AR: Efficacious in the treatment of specific phobia.phobia.
Significant reduction in objective and Significant reduction in objective and subjective measures of fear and avoidance.subjective measures of fear and avoidance.
Patients preferred AR rather than in vivo Patients preferred AR rather than in vivo exposure.exposure.
Patients were satisfied with the treatment.Patients were satisfied with the treatment.
Controlled Studies: n > 8Controlled Studies: n > 8
AuthorAuthor CountryCountry YearYear # of Pts# of Pts Tx GrpsTx Grps
BergerBerger U.S.U.S. 19991999 1616 PC VR, Phobics, Non-PhobicsPC VR, Phobics, Non-Phobics
KimKim KoreaKorea 19991999 99 PC VR, WLCPC VR, WLC
WiederholdWiederhold U.S.U.S. 20012001 99 VR, VR, In vivoIn vivo
JangJang KoreaKorea 20022002 1111 Driving vs. FlyingDriving vs. Flying
WalsheWalshe IrelandIreland 20032003 1414 ECT, CBT, WLCECT, CBT, WLC
Fear of DrivingFear of Driving
Types of VR equipment used clinically:
Regular DesktopHead Mounted
DisplayMultiple Screens
Full Car
Automobile Seat
Driving Study: 9 participants (Wiederhold BK, Jang DP, Kim SI, Wiederhold MD, 2001)
88%
12%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4
Based on Framework Type
Success
Treatment SuccessTreatment Success
Specific PhobiaPDAPTSD
Fear of Driving Movie Clip
Social Phobia
Patient wearing a HMD while engaging in the virtual party
Controlled Studies: n > 8Controlled Studies: n > 8
AuthorAuthor CountryCountry YearYear # of Pts# of Pts Tx GrpsTx Grps
SlaterSlater U.K.U.K. 20032003 1010 Neutral, demandingNeutral, demanding
LLègeronègeron FranceFrance 20032003 3636 VR, CBTVR, CBT
RoyRoy FranceFrance 20032003 1010 VR, CBT, WLCVR, CBT, WLC
KlingerKlinger FranceFrance 20052005 3636 VR, CBTVR, CBT
Social PhobiaSocial Phobia
Social Phobia(Klinger, Bouchard et al., 2004)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Pre Post
Liebowitz (total)
in VR CBT
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Pre Post
Hamilton Anxiety
in VR CBT
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Pre Post
Rathus (assertiveness)
in VR CBT
N = 36, 12 sessions. CBT in group.
• Sample Population = 18 participants– 10 females and 8 males– Mean age: 30.5 ± 5.06– On average, participants have been suffering from
social phobia for 14.5 years– 9 participants were also displayed symptoms of
major depression(all information based only on the VRT group)
SOCIAL PHOBIA
(Klinger et al., 2005)(Klinger et al., 2005)
• Measures– The Short Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13)– The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS)– The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule– The Zigmond and Snaith Hospital Anxiety
Depression Scale (HAD)
SOCIAL PHOBIA
(Klinger et al., 2005)(Klinger et al., 2005)
• Protocol – for VRT only– Overview
• 12 sessions of VRT• 45 minutes each• Exposed to virtual environments for either assessment
or therapy• Virtual exposure lasts less than 20 minutes per session
SOCIAL PHOBIA
(Klinger et al., 2005)(Klinger et al., 2005)
• Protocol (cont’d)– Virtual environments included 4 situations that
social phobic patients felt were the most threatening:
• Performance• Intimacy • Scrutiny• Assertiveness
SOCIAL PHOBIA
(Klinger et al., 2005)(Klinger et al., 2005)
• Protocol (cont’d)– Session 1
• Therapist presents virtual world to patient• Patient familiarizes the virtual world and tools in a
neutral environment– Session 2-9
• 2 sessions devoted to each of the 4 virtual environments
– Assessment, expose patient to VR environment, 2 phases of “therapy” exposure to the environment
SOCIAL PHOBIA
(Klinger et al., 2005)(Klinger et al., 2005)
• Protocol (cont’d)– Session 10-12
• 3 sessions devoted to more focused and detailed work on one or two of the four environments that gave the patient the most trouble
• 12th session = conclusion to therapy and introduction of a personal program to carry out beyond the therapy
SOCIAL PHOBIA
(Klinger et al., 2005)(Klinger et al., 2005)
SOCIAL PHOBIA
(Klinger et al., 2005)(Klinger et al., 2005)
• Conclusion:– Based on the LSAS, VRT would illustrate a better form of
treatment over CBT– The differences between the two groups, however, are not
significant– For VRT to be significantly better than CBT in terms of social
phobia symptoms, experiment participants would have to be increased to 200-300
– Participants should be increased to a sample of 3,000 in order to find a significant difference in performance anxiety
– In order to further confirm the efficacy of virtual reality for the treatment of social phobia, additional outcome studies could be conducted with the inclusion of a third control condition such as a placebo or a waiting list
SOCIAL PHOBIA
(Klinger et al., 2005)(Klinger et al., 2005)
Social Phobia Movie Clip
Internet-based Worlds
www.there.com
www.secondlife.com
SOCIAL PHOBIA
Online Worlds to Help with Social PhobiaOnline Worlds to Help with Social Phobia
Human Avatars
Animal Avatars
Controlled Studies: n > 8
RivaRiva ItalyItaly 20022002 4545 PC VR, PC VR, In vivoIn vivo, WLC, WLC
WiederholdWiederhold U.S.U.S. 20022002 4545 PC VR, PC VR, In vivo, In vivo, WLCWLC
BouchardBouchard CanadaCanada 20022002 4545 PC VR, PC VR, In vivo, In vivo, WLCWLC
KimKim KoreaKorea 20022002 4545 PC VR, PC VR, In vivo, In vivo, WLCWLC
Panic Disorder with AgoraphobiaPanic Disorder with Agoraphobia
Multi-center Controlled StudyMulti-center Controlled Study
AuthorAuthor CountryCountry YearYear # of Pts# of Pts Tx GrpsTx Grps
NorthNorth U.S.U.S. 19981998 3030 PC VR, WLCPC VR, WLC
KimKim KoreaKorea 19991999 99 PC VR, WLCPC VR, WLC
BotellaBotella SpainSpain 20022002 1010 PC VR, PC VR, In vivoIn vivo
WiederholdWiederhold U.S.U.S. 20022002 99 Non-phobics in PDA environ.Non-phobics in PDA environ.
BotellaBotella SpainSpain 20032003 3636 VRE, VRE, In vivo, In vivo, WLCWLC
Agoraphobia: 12 participants(Vincelli, Anolli, Bouchard, Wiederhold, Zurloni, & Riva, 2003)
Patient TreatmentPatient Treatment VR-CBTVR-CBT CBTCBT WLCWLC
DesignDesign VR-CBT 8 sessionsVR-CBT 8 sessions CBT 12 sessionsCBT 12 sessions
ResultsResults VR-CBT produced same or VR-CBT produced same or
better results using 33% better results using 33% fewer sessions than CBTfewer sessions than CBT
MeasuresMeasures Beck Depression Beck Depression
InventoryInventory State Trait Anxiety State Trait Anxiety
InventoryInventory Agoraphobic Cognitions Agoraphobic Cognitions
QuestionnaireQuestionnaire Fear QuestionnaireFear Questionnaire
Agoraphobia: 12 participants(Vincelli, Anolli, Bouchard, Wiederhold, Zurloni, & Riva, 2003)
0
0.5
1
1.5
Pre Rx Post Rx
Panic attack frequency
CBT-VR CBT
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pre Rx Post Rx
Fear Questionnaire
CBT-VR CBT
0
5
10
15
20
25
Pre Rx Post Rx
BDI-II
CBT-VR CBT
“The Mall”
“The Room”