augmented reality for graveyards and memorials · augmented reality for graveyards and memorials...

Augmented Reality for graveyards and memorials

Huiwen Zhang

U6342618

COMP4560

The Research School of Computer Science, CECS Australian National University

25 October 2019

The Australian National University | 2

Acknowledgment

It cost a lot of time to code and evaluate the application and finish this report. Here I

am writing to those who help me a lot during this period of time and express my most

sincere gratitude to them.

First, I will thanks to my supervisor, Henry Gardener, and my tutor, Wanqi Zhao, and

Chris Zhang. They help me a lot to get familiar with Unity3D and AR environment.

They also teach me a lot about project management and report writing skills.

Second, I want to thank my friends, Hongjin Chen, Ruiqi Wang and Peiyang Zhang.

The supply grateful help to me during the tough time and encourage me a lot. They give

me the motivation for keep going.

Finally, I want to thank my parents. They support me to study in ANU, and give me the

confidence to insist.


Content

Abstract ........................................................................................................................7

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 8

1.1 Outline of the project ....................................................................................... 8

1.2 Motivation ....................................................................................................... 8

1.3 Structure of the report.......................................................................................9

2. Background ..............................................................................................................10

2.1 Augmented Reality ........................................................................................10

2.2 Cloud database ...............................................................................................11

2.3 AR and database in daily life ..........................................................................11

3. Project Plan ..............................................................................................................13

4. Implementation ........................................................................................................14

4.1 Development environment .............................................................................14

4.2 User Survey ................................................................................................... 15

4.3 QR Code Scanner .......................................................................................... 16

4.4 Rendering Model .......................................................................................... 19

4.5 Cloud Database ............................................................................................. 21

4.6 Connections and Simple Test ........................................................................ 22


4.7 User interface design ..................................................................................... 23

5. Evaluation ............................................................................................................... 25

5.1 Cognitive Walkthrough ............................................................................... 25

5.2 Tasks and steps ............................................................................................ 26

5.3 Usability ......................................................................................................27

5.4 Visibility ...................................................................................................... 28

5.5 Function. ...................................................................................................... 30

5.6 Discussion .....................................................................................................31

6. Limitations and Future Work ................................................................................... 32

6.1 Limitations .................................................................................................... 32

6.2 Future Work .................................................................................................. 32

7. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 33

8. Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 34

9. Appendix.................................................................................................................. 36

Appendix 1 Contract................................................................................................ 36

Appendix 2 Product Screenshot .............................................................................. 38

Appendix 3 Questionnaire ....................................................................................... 40


Figure Content

Figure 1: definition of Augmented Reality................................................................. 10

Figure 2.1: Result of Survey 1 ..................................................................................... 15

Figure 2.2: Result of Survey 2...................................................................................... 16

Figure 2.3: Result of Survey 3.................................................................................... 16

Figure 2.4: Result of Survey 4...................................................................................... 16

Figure 3.1: Screenshot of Unity 1................................................................................. 17




Figure 4.1: Screenshot of the prototype – QR Code Scanner 1.................................... 19

Figure 4.2: Screenshot of the prototype – QR Code Scanner 2.................................... 19

Figure 5.1: Screenshot of the prototype – Book Model................................................ 20

Figure 5.2: Screenshot of the prototype – Book Model(prototype) ............................. 21

Figure 5.3: Screenshot of the prototype – Book Model(prototype) ............................. 21

Figure 6: Screenshot of the prototype – Cloud Database.............................................. 22

Figure 7: Screenshot of the prototype – Text Input...................................................... 23

Figure 8: Screenshot of the prototype – Welcome page................................................24


Figure 5.1: Process of Evaluation.................................................................................25

Figure 9.1: Screenshot of the prototype – old version.................................................. 29

Figure 9.2: Screenshot of the prototype – new version................................................. 29

Figure 9.3: Screenshot of the prototype – old version.................................................. 29

Figure 9.4: Screenshot of the prototype – new version................................................. 30


Abstract

This project investigates how traditional activities to commemorate relatives can be

enhanced with modern technology. With the help of Augmented Reality (AR), it

should be possible to help people commemorate their loved ones over a long term.

AR technology can enable memorials to be overlayed with graphical information that

could make it easier to share memories and present recollections in a more vivid and

more intuitive way than using books or photographs. Furthermore, the co-location of

information about the person with their physical memorial could enhance and

motivate the experience of visiting and remembering the relative.

This report describes a prototype AR mobile memorial application. It presents

background research about the potential demand for this application and it also

describes the implementation details of the AR app and the cloud database techniques

that it has used to store and serve data for a memorial. The prototype application has

been developed using Android, Unity 3D, QR code Scanner, cloud database and

rendering techniques to read life stories and visualize them in a book model. There is

an upload section for users to upload more stories into the database. Task-based

evaluation of this prototype is also described.


1. Introduction

1.1 Outline of the project

This project aims to use AR techniques to solve a problem related to our daily life,

which is about the single form of commemorative event. This application will support

people to upload to store based on could database or read the life stories of others in

memorial based on AR technique. The prototype will be evaluated by experts and

based on tasks.

The prototype application has been designed to run on the Android system and has

been demonstrated on a Google Pixel Phone. Unity3D was used as the main platform

to implement the application and the cloud database is set up independently. A QR

code Scanner was used to simulate and simplify the process of getting a memorial’s

location from GPS and getting the name from tomb through computer vision.

The test and evaluation do not need to go to particular location but need to provide a

QR code which contains the information of the name of the person who are

memorialized and the location of the tomb.

1.2 Motivation

Sometimes it is a painful thing to remember others, including the relatives, parents,

friends. People who come to remember them may want to hear their life stories. When

visiting a Martyrs Cemetery, or abbeys which inter famous celebrity, like

Westminster Abbey, people may want to know their achievements. Nowadays, it is

common for visitors to listen to others telling the stories, listening to a recording or

read the introduction on the wall.

However, AR techniques provides a more convenient and vivid way to learn about

others’ lives so that people can choose a more intuitive way to commemorate others.


For those who are willing to share the stories of their friends or relatives, they should

have more choices to pass their stories to us. The application should guarantee them

to provide real information and protect their privacy and freedom to share. This

application will be a bridge between people who want to remember others and people

who want to pass on the recollections of people they loved although they have passed

away. They can store their memories in a technical way for a long time reliably and

convenient to share the memories to others to let them know and feel their emotions,

faith and love.

In the future, we can expect that they can choose freely how they want to tell people

their stories, including photos, recordings even videos.

1.3 Structure of the report

There will be four parts in this report. The first part is to introduce the background of

this project. It includes the techniques mentioned above and how they are used in the

similar situations. The second part is implementation. The steps of designing and

developing this application will be specified in this part. It will also mention the

techniques which are used in this application. The third part is evaluation. This part

will describe cognitive walkthrough method and the process and result of the

evaluation. There will then be a description of the improvements that were made to

the app after that walkthrough. The final part is the conclusion and future work. It will

mention and discuss how this application can be improved and the functions that it

might achieve in the future.


2. Background

2.1 Augmented Reality

Following the definitions of Azuma (1997) and Azuma and colleagues (2001), we

define an ‘AR system as one that combines real and computer-generated information

in a real environment, interactively and in real time, and aligns virtual objects with

physical ones’ (Krevelen, 2007). Augmented reality is a new kind of human-computer

interaction, which is reality-based, and may apply to all kinds of senses. As a

progressing technology, AR technique can now be used in education, maintenance,

design, reconnaissance and other fields (Carmigniani et al., 2010). It is moving from

theory to practice and come into various industries and consumer markets. The fact is

that in contrast to traditional Virtual Reality (VR), the real environment is plays a

dominant role in AR (Carmigniani et al., 2010). There are many fields that AR is

expected to be useful in in the future, such as medical visualization, gaming, path

planning and with mobile instruments.

AR technology is a combination of a virtual environment and of the real world.

Therefore, compared with VR, there is a better texture in augmented reality

(Krevelen, 2007). Augmented reality also has better interaction. As in VR technique,

that the virtual environment is playing a leading role, users can only accept

information passively. Augmented reality stresses the virtual environment and the real

world, where users can interact with the real world. Therefore, augmented reality is

more interactive.

Figure 1: definition of Augmented Reality


2.2 Cloud database

This project makes use of a cloud database. In this section, we shall briefly consider

aspects of cloud databases.

The exponential growth of the Internet has led to an explosion of data sources, leading

to storage and data availability issues. It provides on-demand services on a large scale

and simplifies application development and deployment.

Compared with traditional databases, cloud databases have a lower cost than

traditional databases. With cloud-based database, the costs and expenses in hardware

and service implementation can be decreased obviously. Cloud services have

increased scalability and flexibility. It can help to maximize the resources to increase

efficiency and reduce unused space. Could services are more effective. The database

can be accessed from anywhere using any computer, mobile device or browser,

reducing the usage of resources (Deka, 2014).

2.3 AR and database in daily life

As mobile and wearable device increasing dramatically, computing applications are

quickly developing, and people can access the database from anywhere and for any

time. This developing of technique makes it possible to take advantage of application

to interact with the real

environment. Augmented Reality (AR) provides a particularly powerful user interface

(UI) for context-aware computing environments (Höllerer and Feiner, 2019).

These technologies are expected to be more market-oriented and play a greater role in

everyday life. As a more versatile technology, it is not only suitable for advanced

applications, but also to develop more applications through broader and newer ideas.

By applying more vivid and intuitive interactions, AR applications can use more

insights and attitudes to observe or think in the classroom, or even more seriously.


Technology can be more user-friendly and enhance the user experience of simple

things.

Data management has played an important role in storage regulations and a large

number of mobile devices. Cloud databases have a lower cost, are more scalability,

flexibility and effective. It is more convenient for mobile device to connect. There is

no doubt that cloud databases are more suitable for mobile applications than

traditional databases.


3. Project Plan

This project is divided into five parts:

1. First, do a survey about the application. The questions include the functions that

users want to have, the UI design style they like, and the content they want to

share. The whole questionnaire can be seen in appendix. This step takes about 2

weeks to do the survey and conclude the result.

2. Develop Scenes in the Unity3D. Here the application uses four scenes to achieve

the welcome page, the text input page, the QR Code Scanner page and the AR

book model page. It takes two weeks.

3. The second part is to develop the QR Scanner part. The core of this part is from

the assets. And I connect the phone camera for it. It takes me 3 to 4 weeks to

adjust that.

4. The third part of this application is set up the cloud database. The core part is to

create chart and connect the database with the QR Code Scanner and the Scene in

Unity3D. It takes about 4 to5 weeks.

5. Design the UI based on the survey. After achieving all the functional part, the UI

is designed based on the survey. The style should be simple and clear. And adjust

the button, warning information and the instrument. It takes one week and it also

be adjusted after evaluation.


4. Implementation

This part describes the process of the implementation of this prototype, which are

based on the project plan above and introduces the techniques and the tools and assets

that are used. Unity3D is a platform that can help to develop 2D or 3D games. Here

EasyAR SDK are widely used to help build AR scenes and QR Code Scanner. The

core technique in this application is AR and cloud database. Bmob cloud database is

used to set up the own database and connect to the mobile application. The users data

will be store and serve in the cloud database, which are more simple and easier to

corporate with the mobile phone rather than put the local database into server.

4.1 Development environment

The develop environment of this application is as below:

Name Version Note

Unity3D 2018.2f or

later

Game Engine, support EasyAR, main development

platform in this project

Bmob cloud

database

v.3.7.0 or

later

User information database, contains name, contains

location, contains stories

OS MacOS Main operation system

Android SDK 24 or later Support AR Core

Android System 7.0 or later Support AR Core

Mac Visual

Studio 2017

Platform to edit code in Unity3D

Google Pixel

Phone 3

Device to run and test prototype, it should support AR

Core


4.2 User Survey

At the beginning of the project, a user questionnaire was designed to determine the

direction and function of this AR app. The questionnaire included the age of users,

whether they minded sharing the past of relatives or friends publicly, if they wish,

who and what they would like to share, if they do not wish, what is the reason and

what kind of information they would like to learn about from others and, finally, the

style of the UI they could accept. People who accept this survey is about 100, which

are from 18 to over 50. The whole questionnaire can be seen in the Appendix.

The result shows that the elder people would like to share the past with their families,

while younger people would like to show it to strangers. The elder people prefer to

share stories and their experience, while younger people would like to share photos or

videos. The main reason for the people who are not willing to share is that they worry

about their privacy. Almost all the people willing to learn about their family more

than strangers. The top 2 key words of the UI design is simple and warm. After

summarizing the result, we decide the main function of this APP. It includes an

upload function which will focus on protecting the privacy of the clients, and another

part is view part, which you can look at others’ past by their name and the location of

the tomb.

Figure 2.1: Result of Survey 1





4.3 QR Code Scanner

We need to create a new unity project and import it into the unity package of

"EasyAR_SDK_2.0.0_Basic". After importing, our unity directory interface should

look like this:


Figure 3.1: Screenshot of Unity 1

We delete the original Main Camera and drag "EasyAR_ImageTracker-1_QRCode-1"

to the panel. Fill in the key of the official website application. Observe the

"EasyAR_ImageTracker-1_QRCode-1" prefab, and compare it with our previous

"EasyAR_Startup" and find a part of "BarCodeScanner".





The script "QRCodeScannerBehaviour" hanging on it is used to implement the

scanning and recognition function of the QR code. At present, we first implement the

function of scanning the QR code to display text through the EasyAR SDK. We have

prepared the QR code. The next step is to edit the code in unity to implement the

function. First we create a new script under "EasyAR_ImageTracker-1_QRCode-1"

and name it "ARIsEasyBehaviour". In this script file, we implement the first Target

recognition and then scan the QR code to receive the result and implement it on the

screen. For OnTextMessage(), the result is returned and then assigned to textMessage,

and is drawn by OnGUI().

This part actually aims to replace the computer vision technique to get the name of

people we loved and the connection to GPS to get the location of the tomb, so that

simplify the difficulty of developing and test process instead of going to the

graveyard.


Figure 4.1: Screenshot of the prototype – QR Code Scanner 1

Figure 4.2: Screenshot of the prototype – QR Code Scanner 2

4.4 Rendering Model

We can see that all Renderer components have two members. In Unity3D, the highest

priority rendering order is Camera Depth. Then use sortlayerName and sortingOrder.

We can use cameras of the same depth for all 2D objects (and 3D objects that require

uniform rendering order and particle effects) (you can also use the same camera).


Then set the sortLayer and sortingOrder of these objects. Contains particles that can

be set directly on the Inspector.

We can use the GetComponent <Renderer>() method to set the value in the script. Of

course, you can also set it up directly through the script.When rendering the book

model, it should consider the shader and the edges of it. Here I use the Book-Page

Curl Pro as the model. This asset supports the shadow on the double pages. Add an

official frame of the book help to make a hierarchical book model. Easy AR also help

to build up this model.

Figure 5.1: Screenshot of the prototype – Book Model


Figure 5.2: Screenshot of the prototype – Book Model(prototype)

Figure 5.3: Screenshot of the prototype – Book Model(prototype)

4.5 Cloud Database


The first step to set up the database is to design and set up a chart. The chart includes

name string - the name of the memorized ones, address string – the address of the

tomb, story string – the story of the memorized ones. The name string and address

string are the key of the database in case there are too many people have the same

name. As we search the database, we will use these two features gotten from QR

Code Scanner and return the result to the book model.

Here I use the Bmob cloud database. At the very beginning MySQL is chosen as the

local database. However, it is not so convenient to put the database on a server for

mobile application to connect. Using cloud database directly is easier and more

elegant.

Figure 6: Screenshot of the prototype – Cloud Database

4.6 Connections and Simple Test

There are four scenes in this application: the welcome page, the input text scene, the

QR Code Scanner scene, and the book model scene. The buttons are set to connect

these scenes. And the test is about the database:

1. If the database can input the repeated data

2. If the database can input the incomplete data

The QR Code Scanner will be tested to see if it can successfully call the camera of the

mobile phone, and if it can get the information back rightly.


Figure 7: Screenshot of the prototype – Text Input

4.7 User interface design

Before designing the user interface, we can know from the user surveys that the users

want a clear and warm UI design style. So that I choose a grasses photo as the

background of the welcome page. And the more buttons are put in the scenes to

change freely between different scenes. The book model is chosen by the result that

many people want to know about others life stories and experience. The book is a

good symbol for story readers and fit the principle of clear and warm.


Figure 8: Screenshot of the prototype – Welcome page

5. Evaluation

The evaluation part is based on cognitive walkthrough. It is a task-based evaluation,

the principle of this kind of evaluation will be introduced in the 5.1 section. The

process of the evaluation for the prototype will be specified in 5.2 section, including

the tasks, steps, result, discussion and the change after evaluation. The evaluation is

expert-based and there is a discussion after that. There are two experts evaluate the

prototype and give them feedback in the discussion.


5.1 Cognitive Walkthrough

The advantages of using cognitive walkthroughs are the following:

(1) the whole evaluation will focus on the users, about the understanding or

difficulties that they have when using the application

(2) do not need too much user, but some experts

(3) only simple prototypes are needed in the process, and do not need to test all the

process in the real function for this prototype.

Nielsen and Mark have stated, “Cognitive walkthroughs involve simulating a user’s

problem-solving process at each step in the human-computer dialog, checking to see

if the user’s goals and memory for actions can be assumed to lead to the next correct

action” (Polson et al., 2019).

Figure 9: Process of Evaluation

The whole process is based on tasks, and the tasks will be divided into several steps.

For each step, there are several questions:

- Can I see what I need to do?

- Can I do something and understand feedback?


- Do I know to what to do next?

5.2 Tasks and steps

Here the prototype is divided into 2 tasks, the upload task and the read task.

Task 1 upload task

- Open the application

- Click the “upload the story” button

- Enter the “name” column from keyboard

- Enter the “address” column from keyboard

- Enter the “story” column from keyboard

- Click “upload” button to finish the upload part.

- See the feedback from the scene

- Click “back” button to go home page

Task 2 read task

- Click the “read the story” button

- Scan the QR code

- Check the name and address

- Click “View” button

- Read the story

- Click “Back” button to go back to the home page Or

- Click “Exit” button to exit the application

5.3 Usability

The usability of this application was tested by 4 people (not the developer). They

worked through the whole process of the steps and gave their feedback. The first time


to connect the database was a little slow, but after that it was smooth. The results of

this evaluation are discussed below.

Problem Description Reason

Not enough

information

There is no information about

which button links to which

target function

A user may get confused because they

do not know which button to push to

implement their requirements. This

will make it difficult for a user to

learn.

less of buttons

The indoor map button is

showed on all types of map.

In other maps, it will not

work and not give feedback.

When a user uses the outdoor map or

2D map, it may be confusing because

these buttons do not work, and the

user may use it and have no feedback.

No enough

guidelines or

instructions

There are no guidelines and

instructions telling the user

how to use application

People who use the application will

get confused about how to use this

map.

No obvious

feedback from

the system

There is no obvious feedback

after user push buttons.

A user may get confused when they

push buttons but get no feedback,

even the prototype has finished the

button function.

5.4 Visibility

The visibility of the application could be improved. In the text input scene, the

feedback should be bigger and more intuitive. The name of the column should be

changed from ‘address’ into ‘location of memorial’, which is clearer for users. The


instrument in the input column should change from ‘Enter text here’ into ‘When

known, enter details here’. A tittle should be added like ‘Remember story of a

person’. And the sequence of input should be ‘person’, ‘relationship’, ‘story’ and

‘memorial location’. There should be more instruments in the QR Code Scanner

scene. Those changes for UI can improve the HCI experience and help to increases

the

Figure 10.1: Screenshot of the prototype – old version


Figure 10.2: Screenshot of the prototype – new version

Figure 10.3: Screenshot of the prototype – old version


Figure 10.4: Screenshot of the prototype – new version

5.5 Function

Functionally, the application can be divided into two applications, which can specify

the different functions and give users different authority, such as some of users as the

reader, can only read the data from the database. And some of the users which are as

the uploader, can edit the information in the database. For privacy, the database need

to add more columns like ids, and add more logic about the insert and search

operation.

5.6 Discussion

The discussion about the evaluation is about how to improve those problems. Some of

the solution is given above. Some of the solution are fixed after the evaluation. And

the database part is difficult, so that the new design of that will be the future work.

But more chart will be needed, and the logic should be more perfect, such as the

choice of the key in the database.


6. Limitations and Future Work

6.1 Limitations

The limitation of this application is the chart of the cloud database. The key of the

chart limits the authority about the users. So, the users have to input the information

correctly and have no authority to change the database. The UI is a simple book

model, which may not fit the needs of the users. Also, the QR Code Scanner is using

to replace the computer vision technique to read the name form the tomb and get the

location from the GPS. So this prototype only use QR Code to test and evaluate, but

not the real situation.

6.2 Future Work

The whole application actually can be divided into two applications. The upload part

can give more authority to users so that they can change the data they uploaded. Also,


the QR Code Scanner part should be computer vision technique, which can read the

name of the memorized ones. And the database is expected to store more kind of data

rather than text, such as photos, radios, even videos. One day the users can choose

freely what they want to show to the viewers. Finally, the UI design is expected to

change by the uploader. They can design their own style to pass the information to the

viewers.

7. Conclusion

This application achieves that the application for graveyards and memorials. It

supports that AR techniques can be used for memorial activities. Unity 3D and

EasyAR are used to establish the prototype. The cognitive walkthrough are used to

evaluate the whole application by two experts. Based on the result of the evaluation,

we fix some problems in the UI design and the functions can be improved in the

future.


8. Bibliography

Carmigniani, J., Furht, B., Anisetti, M., Ceravolo, P., Damiani, E. and Ivkovic, M.

(2010). Augmented reality technologies, systems and applications. 1st ed. [ebook]

Springer Science+Business Media, pp.341-343. Available at:

https://www.csd.uoc.gr/~hy469/files/panels/Augmented_reality_technologies_system

s_and_applications.pdf [Accessed 11 Sep. 2019].

Deka, G. (2014). A Survey of Cloud Database Systems. 1st ed. [ebook] IEEE

Computer Society, pp.50-56. Available at:

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cc35/3ac11af278aa60569e8093a82663fdb24699.pdf

[Accessed 18 Sep. 2019].

Höllerer, T. and Feiner, S. (2019). Mobile Augmented Reality. 1st ed. [ebook] Taylor

& Francis Books Ltd, pp.2-4. Available at:


http://web.cs.wpi.edu/~gogo/courses/imgd5100_2012f/papers/Hollerer_AR_2004.pdf


Hornbæk, K. (2009). Dogmas in the assessment of usability evaluation methods. 1st

ed. [ebook] Journal Behaviour & Information Technology, pp.97-110. Available at:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01449290801939400?casa_token=FA

VEelhufUYAAAAA:W_CZFtrLMhYG5yOfUWlwSCJbbIYLJ6R71BJZ6ZCHkLBEs

dz4UgjPjsJdvD8RVdKFdGu-z1LDvaioD28 [Accessed 25 Sep. 2019].

Krevelen, D. (2007). Augmented Reality: Technologies, Applications, and

Limitations. 1st ed. [ebook] pp.1-2. Available at:

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rick_Van_Krevelen2/publication/292150312_A

ugmented_Reality_Technologies_Applications_and_Limitations/links/56ab2b4108ae

d5a01359c113/Augmented-Reality-Technologies-Applications-and-Limitations.pdf


Polson, P., lewis, C., Rieman, J. and Wharton, C. (1992). Cognitive Walkthroughs: A

Method for Theory-Based Evaluation of User Interfaces. 1st ed. [ebook] Boulder,

pp.2-4. Available at:

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.20.3404&rep=rep1&type=

pdf [Accessed 20 Sep. 1992].


9. Appendix

1 Contract


2 Product Screenshot


3 Questionnaire

User Survey

The following questions may be related to privacy and sensitive topics, and we

sincerely apologize if you offend your importance or feel uncomfortable. Thank you

very much for your time!

The questionnaire is about the user needs survey of the APP to be developed. The

content of the APP is about sharing or understanding the life experiences or family

stories of the family or strangers in the past based on the name and address of the

tombstone.

1. Your age is

a. Under 18 years old


b. 18-30 years old

c. 30-40 years old

d. 40-50 years old

e. Over 50 years old

2. Are you willing to use the app to share the past of your loved ones?

a. Yes

b. no

3. If you are willing to share, you are more likely to share with the family's

descendants or strangers.

a. Family descendants

b. stranger

4. If you are willing to share, what kind of content do you prefer to share?

*If you have chosen another, please fill in your answer in the blank space.

a. Past life experiences and stories of loved ones

b. Want to share with the younger generation

c. Family inheritance, such as family training, etc.

d. Past photos, images, audio, etc.

e. other________________


5. If you don't want to share, what is your reason?


a. For privacy reasons

b. For religious or other reasons

c. other_______________

6. Are you willing to use the app to learn about the past of others or other people in

your family?

a. Yes

b. no

7. If you are willing to use, you are more inclined to understand or remember your

family or stranger.

a. family

b. stranger

8. What more do you expect to know about their lives?


a. Family inheritance, such as ancestral training, genealogy, etc.

b. The story or experience of a loved one

c. Past photos or images, audio, etc.

d. other_______________


9. If you do not want to use it, the reason for your question is


a. Religious or other beliefs

b. other________________

20. Do you mind adding elements of QR code or other information records to the

production of tombstones with APP affiliates?

a. Mind

b. do not mind

11. If you mind, are you willing to accept some alternatives, such as placing some

brands with QR codes that do not affect the overall layout?

*If you have other acceptable options, please fill in the blanks

a. Mind

b. do not mind

c. Other acceptable options ____________________

12. Do you mind if the app uses names on tombstones, photos and other elements to

determine identity information?

a. Mind

b. do not mind

13. What do you want the interface style of this app to be?



a. Serious

b. Warm

c. concise

d. Appropriate and lively, does not highlight the too heavy atmosphere

e. other______________

14. In addition to the above features, what do you want it to have?

If there is no specific answer, you can fill in the no.

augmented reality for graveyards and memorials · augmented reality for graveyards and memorials...

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