august 16 26, 2016 - iri · supervision of chesapeake beach consulting and the international...
TRANSCRIPT
Post-Election National Survey of Mongolian Public Opinion
August 16 – 26, 2016
The Government of Canada
Detailed Methodology
2
• The survey was conducted by Social Policy Development Research Institute (SPDRI) under thesupervision of Chesapeake Beach Consulting and the International Republican Institute between August16 – August 26, 2016. The March data is from a survey completed March 1 – March 15, 2016.
• Data was collected using in-person, in-home interviews. The sample was stratified by 13 of Mongolia’s21 aimags (provinces) and Ulaanbaatar and then by soum (town) or district. Interviews were conductedin both urban and rural locations.
• The sample consisted of 5,000 respondents (response rate: 96.15 percent) aged 18 and older, and wasrepresentative of voting-age adults nationally.
• Within each of the selected 13 aimags outside of Ulaanbaatar, 2,800 interviews were conducted inthree randomly selected soums. Districts were randomly selected in Ulaanbaatar, where 2,200interviews were conducted. The total number of interviews to conduct within an aimag wasdetermined utilizing voter registration information from the 2013 presidential election.
• After identifying a centrally located starting point, a skip pattern was used to select appropriatehouseholds. Within each household, the Kish Grid was then used to select respondents 18 years andolder.
• Interview teams were comprised of both males and females.
• The margin of error does not exceed plus or minus 1.4 percent at the mid-range with a confidencelevel of 95 percent.
• The information in this report has been compiled in accordance with international standards for marketand social research methodologies. Figures in charts and tables may not sum to 100 percent due torounding.
Within each of the selected 13 aimags outside of Ulaanbaatar, 2,800 interviews were conducted in three
randomly selected soums. All nine districts in Ulaanbaatar were surveyed, where 2,200 interviews were
conducted. The total number of interviews to conduct within an aimag was determined by utilizing voter
registration information from the 2013 presidential election.
General Attitudes
Overall, do you think Mongolia is headed in the right direction or the wrong direction?
4
19%
31%
61%
47%
21% 22%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
March 2016 August 2016
Right direction Wrong direction Don't know/Refused
Why do you say right direction? (open-ended, n=1,551)
5
2%
3%
3%
3%
12%
27%
51%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
General positive feeling
Expanded opportunity for
individuals
Open and multilateral
foreign policy
Freedom to travel and
migrate ensured
The right political party
has won the elections
Construction and infrastructure
sectors are growing
People’s livelihood has
improved
Why do you say wrong direction? (open-ended, n=2,340)
6
4%
2%
2%
3%
5%
6%
9%
11%
12%
45%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Other
Uncertain future for Mongolians
The wrong political party has been elected
Unstable political environment
Improper government policies
General negative feeling
General instability of the economy
Policies are not influenced by public opinion
Corruption and bureaucracy are increasing
Bad policy in mineral extraction and inappropriate
use of income from mining and natural resources
<1%
Do you expect the national government of Mongolia to be more stable, less stable or remain as it is now for the next four years?
7
13%
21%
26%
41%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Less stable
Same
More stable
What are the three most important problems facing Mongolia? First answer mentioned
(open-ended)
8
11%
3%
4%
5%
6%
8%
16%
48%
13%
3%
3%
5%
6%
9%
16%
43%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Other
Alcoholism
Political conflict/Tension
Economy
Price inflation
Corruption
Poverty
Unemployment
August 2016 March 2016
What are the top three issues that Parliament needs to focus on in the coming year? (open-ended)
9
Response First Second Third
Decrease poverty and unemployment, increase job opportunities 25% 16% 7%
Sustainable development of economy, balance budget loss, decrease
unnecessary spending, alleviate debt12% 9% 5%
Combat bribery 11% 8% 4%
Ensure quality of education 4% 5% 3%
Increase salaries, pensions and social welfare 3% 3% 2%
Improve health care service 3% 4% 3%
Stabilize inflation 2% 4% 3%
Develop the country through good programs and supporting the private
sector2% 2% 2%
Support youth and young families 1% 1% 1%
Eliminate air pollution and environmental pollution 1% 2% 2%
Other 10% 11% 12%
Don’t know/Refused 24% 36% 54%
Overall, how would you rate the current economic conditions in Mongolia?
10
2%
35%
57%
5%
1%
4%
27%
53%
14%
4%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Don't know/Refused
Very bad
Bad
Good
Very good
August 2016 March 2016
Thinking about the personal economic situation of you and your family, over the past year has it gotten better, worse or is it about the same?
11
2%
37%
56%
6%
2%
46%
44%
8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Don't know/Refused
Same
Worse
Better
August 2016 March 2016
Thinking some more about your personal economic situation, in the coming year do you think that it is going to get better, worse or stay
about the same?
12
22%
27%
14%
36%
18%
29%
13%
40%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Same
Worse
Better
August 2016 March 2016
Do you expect the price of basic commodities such as milk, bread and meat to be higher or lower one year from now?
13
14%
1%
7%
17%
45%
16%
10%
1%
6%
17%
45%
21%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Much lower
Slightly lower
Same
Slightly higher
Much higher
August 2016 March 2016
In Mongolia, if you could have only one or the other, which is more important to you: a democratic system of government or a prosperous
economy?
14
11%
31%
18%
14%
27%
9%
30%
10%
15%
37%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
August 2016 March 2016
Democracy is definitely
more important to me
Democracy is somewhat
more important to me
Prosperity is definitely
more important to me
Prosperity is somewhat
more important to me
Do you expect the condition of democracy in Mongolia to improve over the next four years, stay the same or get worse?
15
12%
10%
42%
36%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Get worse
Stay the same
Improve
Voting and Elections
Agree or Disagree?Voting gives me a chance to influence decision-making in the country.
17
7%
4%
9%
43%
37%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly disagree
Somewhat disagree
Somewhat agree
Strongly agree
Thinking now about elections, did you vote in the 2016 parliamentary elections?
18
86%
12%
2%
Yes No Don't know/Refused
During the 2016 parliamentary elections, were you or anyone you know personally offered a
bribe in exchange for their vote?
19
14%
76%
10%
Yes No Don't know/Refused
11%
78%
11%
During the 2016 parliamentary elections, were you or anyone you know personally told by a
party representative, business owner or government official to change their voter
registration to a district other than the one in which they actually live?
If you voted in the 2016 parliamentary elections, which party did you vote for?(n=4,274)
20
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
5%
5%
26%
58%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Don't know/Refused
Other
Mongolian Republican Party
Civil Movement Party
Democratic Party
Mongolian People's Party
Mongolian People’s
Revolutionary Party
Independent/Non-party
aligned candidate
Independence and Unity
Coalition
In the 2016 parliamentary elections the Mongolia People’s Party gained a super majority resulting in its control of 65 of the 76 seats – or
86% of Parliament.
Do you believe that this Parliament is representative of the range of political
viewpoints in Mongolia?
21
47%
36%
17%
80%
13%
7%
Yes No Don't know/Refused
If the parliamentary elections were held today, would you vote the same way that
you voted on June 29?(n=4,274)
Of all the things that were said by the candidates and political parties during the campaign, what one campaign statement or promise most
influenced your vote?(open-ended, n=4,274)
22
35%
6%
2%
3%
4%
4%
4%
5%
7%
7%
25%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Other
To decrease poverty
To stabilize the economy
To increase salaries and social welfare
programs
Confidence that candidate would keep
promises made
Belief that the Democratic Party did well in
the past and needs to finish what it started
Belief that Mongolian People’s Party has
had successful past experience running the
country
Preference for chosen party’s positions
and platform
To address education quality and
accessibility
Respondent decided who to vote for
before the campaign period
When did you make up your mind as to which candidate or party you would vote for on Election Day?
23
18%
28%
23%
21%
11%
0% 10% 20% 30%
Don't know/Refused
Prior to June
In the month of June
On Election Day
The last several days
of the campaign
On Election Day, how much would you say that you knew about the change in the manner in which Members of Parliament were to be elected?
24
13%
26%
17%
28%
17%
0% 10% 20% 30%
Don't know/Refused
Nothing at all
Not too much
Some
A great deal
In the 2016 parliamentary elections, all 76 Members of Parliament were elected from single member districts, a change from the 2012 parliamentary elections in which 48
parliamentarians were elected from single member districts and the remaining 28 were elected by nationwide party-list based on proportional representation.
Do you support or oppose this change to Mongolia’s election system?(n=3,053)
25
4%
2%
3%
8%
15%
39%
30%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly oppose
Somewhat oppose
Somewhat support
Strongly support
Do not know the difference between
proportional representation and
single member districts
Did not know there was a change in
the electoral system
Would you favor or oppose a change back to the election system used in 2012?
(n=2,774)
26
5%
25%
30%
24%
16%
0% 10% 20% 30%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly oppose
Somewhat oppose
Somewhat favor
Strongly favor
Do you think the change to the election system earlier this year resulted in better candidates being elected?
(n=2,774)
27
55%33%
11%
Yes No Don't know/Refused
How prepared would you say Mongolian voters were with regards to access to information about the procedures and processes for the 2016
parliamentary elections?
28
11%
6%
17%
48%
18%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Not prepared at all
Not too prepared
Somewhat prepared
Very prepared
Still thinking about the 2016 parliamentary elections, would you say that your confidence in the Mongolian General Election Commission
increased?
29
7%
5%
11%
38%
24%
16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Decreased a great deal
Decreased somewhat
Remained the same
Increased somewhat
Increased a great deal
30
Do you trust the current electronic voting system or black machine to accurately record your vote?
8%
23%
31%
24%
14%
7%
7%
16%
41%
29%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Not at all
Not too much
Somewhat
A great deal
August 2016 March 2016
Views on Parliament
In the 2016 parliamentary elections, which of the following most influenced your views of candidates and political parties?
32
4%
6%
2%
3%
4%
5%
5%
7%
14%
18%
31%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Other
Social media
Friends and family
Brochures/Pamphlets
Newspaper articles
TV ads
Meeting with politicians
Paid ads in newspapers for the
candidate or political party
Visits of candidate or party
representatives to your house
Meeting with/opinions of
respected people
33
During the 2016 parliamentary elections, what or who influenced your voting decision the most?
6%
4%
2%
2%
3%
3%
4%
7%
12%
15%
43%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Other
Religious group/Religious leaders
Social media
Internet
Village/Community respectedleaders
Civil society organizations
Party leader
Family members/Relatives/Friends
Media
Political party manifestos or
candidate platforms
Based on the various statements made by candidates and the political parties during the recent parliamentary elections, would you say you are
optimistic that promises will be fulfilled?
34
7%
9%
29%
40%
16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Not at all optimistic
Not too optimistic
Somewhat optimistic
Very optimistic
How likely, if at all, are you to vote in the presidential election, which will be held in 2017?
35
4%
2%
5%
27%
63%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Don't know/Refused
Very unlikely
Somewhat unlikely
Somewhat likely
Very likely
Thinking about the new national government, how optimistic are you about the new government dealing with each of the following issues?
36
11%
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
13%
13%
13%
14%
43%
43%
42%
37%
37%
45%
39%
40%
43%
41%
28%
27%
27%
32%
29%
28%
27%
30%
28%
25%
12%
12%
12%
14%
17%
10%
15%
13%
12%
13%
7%
8%
7%
6%
5%
5%
6%
5%
5%
8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Protecting the environment
Attracting foreign investment
Expanding the mining sector
Creating affordable housing
Reducing poverty
Improving education
Improving the economy
Addressing unemployment
Delivering quality healthcare
Very optimistic Somewhat optimistic Not too optimistic Not optimistic at all Don't know/Refused
Enhancing young people’s
involvement in the political process
Thinking about the new national government, how optimistic are you about the new government dealing with each of the following issues?
37
6%
7%
8%
8%
9%
10%
10%
10%
10%
19%
31%
28%
45%
33%
40%
34%
37%
40%
24%
34%
33%
31%
30%
30%
32%
34%
30%
23%
16%
19%
11%
21%
13%
19%
13%
13%
28%
12%
12%
6%
8%
7%
5%
7%
7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Advancing gender equality
Advancing democratic reforms
Fighting crime
Addressing air pollution
Protecting land rights
Combating corruption
Addressing domestic violence
Developing infrastructure
Very optimistic Somewhat optimistic Not too optimistic Not optimistic at all Don't know/Refused
Supporting the rights of LGBT
people
If you could give one piece of advice to the leaders of the new government, what would that advice be?
(open-ended)
38
20%
3%
2%
2%
2%
3%
4%
9%
9%
11%
13%
22%
0% 10% 20% 30%
Don't know/Refused
Other
Improve infrastructure
Fight against bribery
Make good decisions and policies
Recover the economy from crisis
Reduce unemployment and
provide jobs for youth
Ensure citizen participation and
respect the people’s opinion
Recruit professional people for
their respective sectors
Deliver social welfare for
vulnerable groups
Work in Mongolia’s interest, not
the party’s interest
Keep promises made during the
elections
What is the most effective way for the new government to engage people like you? (open-ended)
39
48%
2%
3%
4%
4%
4%
5%
5%
7%
17%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Hold project development meetings
Report on progress through social media
Public hearings
Solicit opinions through SMS
Share information about policies and
decisions made
Advertise Citizen Hall activities and
use it regularly
Public meetings with MPs and party
officials during Parliament breaks
Community monitoring of ongoing
projects
Local government meetings and
conferences with citizens
Women and Youth
Agree or Disagree?Women are equally represented in political decision-making positions in
Mongolia.
41
13%
16%
32%
27%
12%
7%
11%
25%
35%
21%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly disagree
Somewhat disagree
Somewhat agree
Strongly agree
August 2016 March 2016
If there are two candidates running for office and they have the same qualifications aside from the fact that one is a man and one is a woman,
which candidate are you more likely to support?
42
6%
39%
35%
20%
4%
35%
36%
25%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Woman
Man
August 2016 March 2016
Makes no difference
to me
In your view, are women government officials generally less corrupt than their male counterparts?
43
25%
36%
40%
17%
38%
45%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
No
Yes
August 2016 March 2016
Which of the following would you say is the greatest barrier to greater women’s participation in political decision making?
44
8%
3%
5%
9%
10%
12%
15%
40%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Women's inactivity
Household duties and roles
Lack of support from voters
Women’s lack of education,
knowledge, skill and power
Women’s limited access to
economic resources
Men more talented than
women
Male dominated political
structure
Prior to the 2016 parliamentary elections, Parliament reduced the requirement that at least 30 percent of candidates nominated by a
political party be women to 20 percent. Do you approve or disapprove of this change?
45
13%
17%
34%
26%
11%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly disapprove
Somewhat disapprove
Somewhat approve
Strongly approve
Agree or Disagree?Politicians do not listen to the needs and ideas of women.
46
13%
7%
21%
40%
20%
10%
6%
18%
39%
27%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly disagree
Somewhat disagree
Somewhat agree
Strongly agree
August 2016 March 2016
Agree or Disagree?Domestic violence is a problem in Mongolia.
47
7%
3%
10%
32%
48%
6%
3%
9%
34%
48%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly disagree
Somewhat disagree
Somewhat agree
Strongly agree
August 2016 March 2016
Agree or Disagree?Politicians do not listen to the needs and ideas of young people.
48
8%
5%
14%
38%
35%
6%
4%
14%
41%
36%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly disagree
Somewhat disagree
Somewhat agree
Strongly agree
August 2016 March 2016
Political Parties
Would you say that you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of the following political parties?
50
3%
18%
24%
19%
35%
41%
34%
26%
21%
29%
15%
9%
15%
6%
5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
August 2016
3%
12%
9%
20%
29%
33%
37%
32%
33%
22%
19%
16%
18%
8%
9%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Strongly favorable Somewhat favorable Somewhat unfavorable Strongly unfavorable Don't know/Refused to answer
March 2016
Mongolian People's
Party
Democratic Party
Third Party Averages
Democratic Party
Mongolian People's
Party
Third Party Averages
Views on Corruption
Not for Public Distribution
Do you believe that corruption is a major problem, a minor problem, not much of a problem or not a problem at all?
52
8%
1%
3%
13%
75%
4%
2%
4%
14%
76%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Don't know/Refused
Not a problem at all
Not much of a problem
A minor problem
A major problem
August 2016 March 2016
Not for Public Distribution
Agree or disagree?The government allocates enough resources to address the corruption
that exists in Mongolia today.
53
10%
34%
32%
15%
8%
14%
17%
27%
27%
14%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly disagree
Somewhat disagree
Somewhat agree
Strongly agree
August 2016 March 2016
Not for Public Distribution
Agree or Disagree?Officials who commit corruption abuses are adequately punished.
54
10%
34%
32%
15%
8%
9%
35%
29%
18%
10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly disagree
Somewhat disagree
Somewhat agree
Strongly agree
August 2016 March 2016
Views on Mining Practices
Overall, do you think the level of regulation on mining in Mongolia is too strict, too lax or about right?
56
16%
13%
68%
4%
9%
15%
70%
6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Don't know/Refused
About right
Too lax
Too strict
August 2016 March 2016
Do you favor or oppose foreign companies having control over mining operations in Mongolia?
57
5%
40%
37%
14%
5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly oppose
Somewhat oppose
Somewhat favor
Strongly favor
Would you favor or oppose Parliament passing laws that would prevent any foreign investment in mining operations in Mongolia?
58
9%
7%
18%
36%
30%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly oppose
Somewhat oppose
Somewhat favor
Strongly favor
Now I am going to ask you your level of agreement or disagreement to various statements or your position on various
issues.
59
24%
34%
37%
33%
22%
18%
11%
9%
6%
7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Strongly Agree Somewhat Agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Don’t know/Refused
The best way for
Mongolia to reduce
unemployment is to
attract foreign
investment
The province should be
given a proportional
share of revenue from
natural resources to
address the problems
affecting the province
What do you think foreign investors in mining in Mongolia should focus on the most?
60
6%
1%
7%
12%
20%
21%
35%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Other
Maximize profits/Royalties
Environmental protection
Hiring Mongolians
Investing in community infrastructure
such as school and clinics
Procurement of local goods and
services
Would you say your opinion of Oyu Tolgoi/Rio Tinto is strongly positive, somewhat positive, somewhat negative or strongly negative?
61
21%
12%
29%
31%
8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly negative
Somewhat negative
Somewhat positive
Strongly positive
Views on Public Policy
Now I am going to ask you your level of agreement or disagreement to various statements or your position on various issues.
63
9%
9%
10%
29%
35%
34%
23%
35%
33%
33%
34%
20%
16%
18%
26%
9%
6%
6%
7%
7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Don't know/Refused
Increasing public funding for
education will decrease
poverty
Accessing information and
services from the national
government is easy
Accessing information and
services from the provincial
government is easy
It is easy to open a new
business in Mongolia
Thinking about the issue of climate change, would you say that climate change is a very serious problem, a somewhat serious problem, not that
much of a problem or not a problem at all?
64
4%
2%
6%
33%
55%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Don't know/Refused
Not a problem at all
Not that much of a problem
Somewhat serious problem
Very serious problem
Which type of activity would you be most interested in participating in to develop your community?
(n=4,527)
65
3%
1%
13%
16%
18%
19%
31%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Public hearings
Project creation workshops
Town hall meeting
Community-led monitoring
of current projects
Individual meetings with
politicians/policy makers
I do not interact with civil
servants
Would you say that civil servants, meaning non-elected government employees, are very professional, somewhat professional, not very
professional or not professional at all?
66
9%
5%
7%
25%
43%
10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Other
Not professional at all
Not too professional
Somewhat professional
Very professional
Which of the following do you believe would do the most to improve the level of professionalism among civil servants, meaning non-elected
government employees?(n=4,265)
67
2%
1%
6%
12%
16%
29%
34%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Other
Better training
More management
involvement and direction
Greater flexibility to do their
job as they see fit
Additional explanation of
what is expected of them
Greater leadership from
elected officials
International Relations
Thinking again about foreign investment in Mongolia, particularly investment from countries in the West, would you favor or oppose more investment from western countries such as Canada, the United States, Australia and western
European countries?
69
19%
6%
7%
43%
24%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Strongly oppose
Somewhat oppose
Somewhat favor
Strongly favor
Thinking about other countries investing money and resources in Mongolia, which one of the following countries would you most favor
investing additional money and resources in Mongolia? (n=3,742)
70
8%
4%
1%
4%
5%
6%
10%
19%
44%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Other
The Netherlands
France
Australia
United Kingdom
Germany
Canada
United States
Media
Do you expect the media to remain free, fair and unbiased
under the new government?(n=2,276)
72
65%
24%
12%
46%
34%
20%
Yes No Don't know/Refused
Do you believe the media is free, fair and unbiased?
What is the primary reason you believe the media is not or will no longer be free, fair or unbiased?
(n=2,258)
73
7%
1%
7%
8%
24%
25%
28%
0% 10% 20% 30%
Don't know/Refused
Foreign government influence
Business influence
Lack of journalist capacity
Government control
Individual or small group of
politicians influence
Media company leadership
control
From which type of media are you most likely to get your news?
74
10%
1%
1%
2%
6%
12%
77%
3%
1%
3%
4%
10%
17%
63%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Don't know/Refused
Other
Radio
Newspapers
Social media
Internet
TV
August 2016 March 2016
For those answering TV, which TV station do you most often watch?(March n=3,835/August n=3,158, open-ended)
75
2%
13%
2%
2%
3%
3%
3%
5%
7%
15%
46%
4%
1%
4%
3%
3%
8%
6%
7%
9%
55%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Don't know/Refused
Other
C1
UBS
MN25
TV5
Education
Eagle
Mongol HD
TV9
August 2016 March 2016
Mongolian National
Broadcast
<1%
Which social media platform do you rely on most for political news?
76
11%
16%
2%
5%
23%
43%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't know/Refused
Other
Website/Internet
Where do you most often access the Internet?
77
4%
1%
2%
10%
22%
25%
36%
6%
1%
4%
9%
17%
25%
38%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't know/Refused
Other
Internet café
Office
Home
August 2016 March 2016
Mobile device
(smart phone)
I do not use the
internet
Demographics
78
Gender
Female 51%
Male 49%
Age
18-30 35%
31-40 26%
41-50 20%
51-60 12%
61+ 7%
Monthly Income*
0-300,000 MNT 12%
300,001-500,000 MNT 21%
500,001-700,000 MNT 17%
700,001-900,000 MNT 14%
900,001-1,100,000 MNT 8%
1,100,001-1,600,000 MNT 8%
1,600,001-2,100,000 MNT 2%
2,100,001+ MNT 1%
Aimag
Urban 53%
Aimag Center 36%
Soum/Rural 11%
Employment Status
Full-time worker 28%
Self-employed 23%
Unemployed 8%
Contract worker 12%
Retired 12%
Student 9%
Disabled 2%
Take care of children 4%
Other <1%
Marital Status
Married 68%
Single 22%
Widowed 4%
Divorced 3%
Partnered 2%
Religion
Buddhism 48%
Not religious 24%
Shamanism 11%
Islam 6%
Christianity 5%
Other/Refused 6%
Political Party Affiliation
Unaffiliated 58%
Democratic Party 12%
Mongolian People’s Party 21%
Mongolian People’s
Revolutionary Party 3%
Civil Will-Green Party 1%
Mongolian National
Democratic Party 1%
National Labor Party <1%
Other <1%
Education
No formal schooling 1%
Primary 3%
Partial secondary 13%
Full secondary 32%
Vocational 14%
College/University 35%
*MNT means Mongolian National Tugrik, the official currency of Mongolia.