australiabeingpresentwithpilot_022014.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
-
The power of being
present in the moment
in polyphonic dialogues
Jaakko Seikkula
Seikkula, J. & Arnkil, TE (2014) Open dialogues and anticipations: Respecting
the Otherness in the present moment. Helsinki: THL
-
REFERENCES
.
Bakhtin, M. (1984) Problems of Dostojevskijs Poetics. Theory and History of Literature:
Vol. 8. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Bakhtin, M. (1990) Art and Answerability: Early Philosophical Essays of M. M. Bakhtin,
trans. Vadim Liapunov. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Bakhtin, M. (1993) Toward a Philosophy of the Act, trans. Vadim Liapunov. Austin:
University of Texas Press.
Brten, S. (2007). On bein g moved: From mirror neurons to empathy. Amsterdam: John Benjamins-
Iacoboni, M (2008) Mirroring People: The new science of how we connect with others. Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Carman, T. (2008). Merleau-Ponty. London:Routledge.
Hermans, H. & Dimaggio, A. (2005).Dialogical self in psychotherapy.
Stern, D.N. (2004). The present moment in psychotherapy and every day life. NY: Norton
Trevarthen, C. (1990) Signs before speech. In T. A. Seveok and J. Umiker Sebeok (eds), The Semiotic Web. Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter.
Whitaker, R. (2010). Anatomy of an epidemic. New York: Crown Publ..
-
... authentic human life is the open- ended dialogue. Life by its very nature is dialogic. To live means to participate
in dialogue: to ask questions, to heed, to respond, to
agree, and so forth. In this dialogue a person participates wholly and throughout his whole life:
with his eyes, lips, hands, soul, spirit, with his whole
body and deeds. He invests his entire self in discourse,
and this discourse enters into the dialogic fabric of
human life, into the world symposium. (M. Bakhtin, 1984)
-
Dialogisuuden rytmisyys
Mary Catherin Bateson: Proto language
Stein Brten: virtuell other
Daniel Stern present moment
Colwyn Trevarthen dialogue in jazz like rhythmicity
Elizabet Fivaz-Depeursinge from dyadic to collaborative and relational intersubjectivity
-
Movement is the first language (Maxine Sheet- Johnstone 2010)
Moving in rhythm
From dyadic to collaborative intersubjectivity
Elisabet Fivaz- Depeursinge: 4 mo old baby
regulates behavior of two adults in triad
Sarah Hrdy: Whole village is needed to rise a child
-
Movement
Affects
Emotions
-
William James (1890): From looking at
patterns to sensing similarities
Our experiences are feelings of tendency, often so vague that we are unable to name them at all (p.254);
such feelings can function as signs of direction in thought of which we have an acutely discriminative sense, though no definite sensorial image
plays any part in it whatsoever (p.253).
Thus we can have an acutely discriminative sense of such feelings of
tendency, and it is our inner sensing of similarities rather than of our seeing of patterns out in the world that is basic to our making sense of
what is happening to us in our lives.
-
Basic assumptions of relational
life
We born into relations relations become our embodied being
We are intersubjective not one entity
Life is living in the polyphony of voices
Dialogue between voices is the basic human
experience
-
To intersubjectivity
Life is not psychology - it is (dialogic) music (Colwyn Trevarthen)
Virtual others - Stein Brten:)
I see myself in your eyes (M. Bakhtin)
Mirror neurons: I see myself in the other (M. Iacaboni, 2008)
I observe the reality through the others observing the same reality (E. Husserl)
-
We are now experiencing a revolution. The new view assumes that the mind is always embodied
in and made possible by the sensori-motor
activity of the body. () Mind is intersubjectively open, since it is partially constituted through its
interaction with other minds D. Stern, 2007, 36)
-
Psychotherapy?
All the time developing process of
intersubjectivity
Change through two incidents: (1) experience of
sympathy and (2) implicitely known, shared
presence of the other
Now moment and Moment of meeting
(D.Stern, 2007)
-
Psychotherapy?
Dialogical orientation:
1) Therapists refrain from editing the narratives
2) Therapists do not transform I You dialogue into I It conversation - (the Third)
3) Dialogue permits opening the moment of meeting present moment
S. Brten, 2007
-
Dialogues in meeting
Many voices present:
- those sitting in the circle
horizontal polyphony
- the voices in which we are living while speaking about specific subject
vertical polyphony
-
T2
T1
MikkoSinikka
Seppo
Liisa
female
Father death
spouse
motherfather
sonmale
teacher
memory of death
Vertical polyphony = inner voices
father
technician
sister
daughter
Family therapistmother
maspouse
-
Polyphonic self
Voices are the speaking personality, the speaking consciousness. (Bakhtin, 1984; Wertsch, 1990)
(Voices are traces and they are activated by new events that are similar or related to the original
event) (Stiles et al., 2004)
When the mind is thinking, it is simply talking to
itself, asking questions and answering them, and
saying yes or no. (Plato Theatetus 189e-190a)
-
Being on the boundary
We are subjects in the language only in a
physiological sense
The interlocutor becomes an active co-
author of the word not receiver (M. Bakhtin)
-
Being present at the moment
To be present in the once occurring participation in being (M.Bakhtin)
Neither nor (T. Andersen)
From explicit knowledge to implicit knowing (D.
Stern, 2004)
From narratives to telling
-
Two simultaneous histories
1. Embodied living in the present moment
- shared experience
- implicit knowing
- comments about the present experience
2. Narratives that we tell of the past incidents,
experiences and things
- meanings constructed
-
For the word (and, consequently, for a human being) there is nothing more terrible
than a lack of response
Being heard as such is already a dialogic relation (Bakhtin, 1975)
-
Being present generating new language
S: I have not been recognized
T1: You have not been recognized?
S: Throughout my life Ive been excluded from the family. At last I want to get rid of this symbiotic mess.
T1: You said that Throughout my life Ive been excluded from the family. Then you said that At last
I want to get rid of this symbiotic mess. It sounds like you are saying two things at the same time?
S: (10) yes... thats what I said. But so far I cannot say anything more about it
T1: (7) yeah
-
T2
T1
T3Sinikka
Seppo Liisa
mother loosing father
teacher
sistermale
brother
loosing my father
father
daughter
what is psychosis?
Vertical polyphony = inner voices Horizontal polyphony = people present
son
Patient
anxiety
Fathers death
family therapist
female
psychologist
-
Being not present
T1: I thought that it happened during the last two weeks, not before
T2: Was it a threat or even worse?
T1: Hitting, I thought that P hit his mother
T2: Was P drunk or did he have a hangover?
P: No, I was sober
T2: Sober
T1: I understood that P had tried to ask his mother something?
-
P: Well, it was last weekend; the police came to us. She was drunk. When she didnt say anything and started to make coffee in the middle of the night, and I asked . . .I went out and came into the kitchen, and she turned round and said that it wasnt allowed to speak about it. Then I slapped her. She ran out into the corridor and started screaming. I said that there is no need to scream, that why cant she say. . . . .And then I calmed down. At that point I got the feeling. . . . And the police came and the ambulance. But in some way I have a feeling, that it is, of course, it is not allowed to hit anyone. But there are, however, situations . . .
T1: Was that the point when you went into primary care?
-
P: Yes it happened just before that
T2: Why did she not say that the police came?
P: What?
T2: Why did she not say that police had been at your place the previous night?
P: It wasnt the previous night, it was last weekend. I was thinking, all the time I am thinking those strange things and I knew that they were not true. But when you think about them for a while, after that you have the feeling that things like that can really happen. It is too much. . . . .You are only thinking of all kinds of futile things.
T2: And it all started last weekend, this situation?
T1: Yes
-
Family therapy as rhytmic attunement to each other in the present moment
Example: Heart Rate Variaton in an emotional
group meeting
-
Family therapy as rhytmic
attunement
Implicit right brain to right brain
On the whole, patients respond more to how the
therapist says something than what the therapist
says. Patients attend primarily to (a) prosody pitch, and the rhythm and timbre of the voice and also to (b) body posture, (c) gesture, and (d)
facial expression. (Quilman, 2011)
The pitch of the voice becomes higher before a
re-formulation (Perkyl, 2013)
-
Studies so far Synchronization of body movements increase alliance and
good outcome (Ramseyer & Tschacher, 2011)
Facial affects follow each other in 15 sec to 2 min sequences
Smiling as affect regulation both in individual therapy (Rone et
al., 2008) and in couple therapist triad (Benecke, Bnninger- Huber et al., 2005)
Therapists disclosing can be related to ANS changes
Therapy training increases symphatetic orientation in EDA
(Kleinbub ym., 2013)
-
Relational Mind project
University of Jyvskyl with 5 other universities in Europe
First time to look at what happens in embodied interaction in
multiactor meetings
Precise videofilming of faces and ANS (heart rate, breathing,
skin conductance) of clients and therapists
Dialogues, inner dialogues, ANS as responsive
synchorinization and its meaaning for outcome
-
Simulation of therapy session with
measuring equipment
Anu Karvonen ja Virpi-Liisa Kykyri
-
Video recording in the therapy
session
Anu Karvonen ja Virpi-Liisa Kykyri
Split screen recording
(DVD)
Precise facial images
-
Jlkihaastattelu sisisest dialogista -FaceReader
Anu Karvonen ja Virpi-Liisa Kykyri
-
0100
200
300
400
500
600
10:07:15.00
10:08:11.00
10:09:07.00
10:10:03.00
10:10:59.00
10:11:55.00
10:12:51.00
10:13:47.00
10:14:43.00
10:15:39.00
10:16:35.00
10:17:31.00
10:18:27.00
10:19:23.00
10:20:19.00
10:21:15.00
10:22:11.00
10:23:07.00
10:24:03.00
10:24:59.00
10:25:55.00
10:26:51.00
10:27:47.00
10:28:43.00
10:29:39.00
10:30:35.00
10:31:31.00
10:32:27.00
10:33:23.00
10:34:19.00
10:35:15.00
10:36:11.00
10:37:07.00
10:38:03.00
10:38:59.00
10:39:55.00
10:40:51.00
10:41:47.00
10:42:43.00
10:43:39.00
10:44:35.00
10:45:31.00
10:46:27.00
10:47:23.00
10:48:19.00
10:49:15.00
Series1
Series2
Series3
-
Transcription of the highest stress vector of the
client during therapy session
C: mm (nodding, wiping tears from her cheek)
T1: earlier you did not notice it and well (.) this abuse it like then (.) was continued
C: yeah (wiping tears) it was continued
T1: mm
C: so that I must only le- no less amount be in touch ((with them)) so that I myself feel well (nodding)
T1: but is it so that now that you see it that you have been abused in your relationships, that you now get that bad feeling about how you have been mitigated and that you have not been respected (.) which was not (gestures with his hand away from the client) there earlier (.)or was it there even then
C: (wiping her tears) well that was the time of performing I was a performer then
T1: (coughs) yeah
CLIENTS ASV AT ITS HIGHEST, STARTS TO DECREASE
Anu Karvonen, Virpi-Liisa Kykyri and Jaakko
Seikkula
-
Therapists synchrony in breathing
Anu Karvonen ja Virpi-Liisa Kykyri
-
Couple therapy case:
ASV during the therapy session
Anu Karvonen ja Virpi-Liisa Kykyri
From top to bottom:
Female client Male client Psychologist Trainee in
psychotherapy
-
Very first notions
Reactions of ANS in relation to each other embodied emphatetic experience?
In a single episode not all in relation to each other
Most stressfull episodes may happen during the speech of
others in the meetings, even during the reflective talks sensitivity of saying
Most affect loaded situations may happen in non-rhythmic way: Perhaps in therapy it is the aim to have rhythmicity?
-
1:GUARANTEEING JOINT HISTORY
Everyone participates from the outset in the meeting
All things associated with analyzing the problems, planning the treatment and decision making are discussed openly and decided while everyone present
Neither themes nor form of dialogue are planned in advance
-
2: GENERATING NEW WORDS AND
LANGUAGE
The primary aim in the meetings is not an
intervention changing the family or the
patient
The aim is to build up a new joint language
for those experiences, which do not yet
have words
-
3: STRUCTURE BY THE CONTEXT
Meeting can be conducted by one therapist or
the entire team
Task for the facilitator(s) is to (1) open the
meeting with open ended questions; (2) to
guarantee voices becoming heard; (3) to build
up a place for among the professionals; (4) to
conclude the meeting with definition of the
meeting.
-
4: BECOMING TRANSPARENT
Professionals discuss openly of their own observations while the network is present
There is no specific reflective team, but the reflective conversation is taking place by changing positions from interviewing to having a dialogue
- look at your collegian not at clients - positive, resource orientated comments
- in form of a questions I wonder if - in the end ask clients comments
Reflections are for me to understand more not a therapeutic intervention
-
5: FOLLOWING WORDS NOT MEANINGS
In the conversation the team tries to follow
the words and language used by the
network members instead of finding
explanations behind the obvious behavior
-
SIMPLE GUIDES FOR THE DIALOGUE IN
PRESENT MOMENT
Prefer themes of the actual conversation instead of narratives of past - be realistic
Follow clients stories and be careful with your own openings repeat the said (and imitate movements)
Guarantee response to spoken utterances. Responses are embodied, comprehensive
Note different voices, both inner and horizontal
Listen to your own embodied responses
Take time for reflective talks with your collegues
Dialogical utterances, speak in first person
Proceed peacefully, silences are good for dialogue
-
Love is the life force, the soul, the idea. There is no dialogical
relation without love, just as there
is no love in isolation. Love is
dialogic.(Patterson, D. 1988) Literature and spirit: Essay
on Bakhtin and his contemporaries, 142)
-
Dialogical Methods for Investigations
in Happenins of Change
Jaakko Seikkula
Aarno Laitila
Peter Rober
Making Sense of Multi-Actor Dialogues in Family Therapy and Network Meetings. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy (2012)