australian activities in clean hydrogen from coal ... · intelligent transport / h2 fuel cell cars...

Australian Activities in Clean Hydrogen from Coal & Natural Gas

Dr John K WrightDirector

CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship Program

Energy Transformed Flagship

Outline

• Characteristics of “energy” in Australia

• “Energy” responses

• Clean Hydrogen from Coal and Natural Gas

• Close


Australian Energy

• Plentiful reserves of high quality, available black and brown coal

• Increasing proven gas reserves – natural gas and coal seam methane

• Declining indigenous oil• High solar thermal, wind and hot rock potential• No nuclear power• Limited hydro powerCost – effective energy supply sectorHigh GHG emissions intensityAwareness of the need for a “low emissions” response


Energy Responses / Initiatives• National Research Priority – reduce and sequester carbon dioxide

emissions from transport and stationary energy– The cooperative Research Centre program

• the CRC for Coal in Sustainable Development• the CRC for Clean Power from Lignite• the CRC for CO2 management

– COAL21– The Queensland Low Emissions Technology Centre– CSIRO’s Energy Transformed Flagship Program– National Hydrogen Study– Proposed Hydrogen CRC– Range of University R&D programs in production and storage of

hydrogen– Australian membership of the CSLF and IPHE


Hydrogen from Fossil Fuel Activities (1)

• Partnership between the coal and electricity industries, federal governments and the R&D community

• Objective to create a national plan to scope, develop, demonstrate and implement near zero emissions coal fired power

Main activity through COAL21 (Commenced March 2003)

Provides the umbrella organisation for the advancement of near zero emissions technology in Australia Effectively a long term plan for generation of hydrogen from Australian coal



• CCSD – providing coal gasification technology• CO2 CRC – Capture and sequestration technology (from coal

gasification and natural gas)• Queensland LET Centre – coal gas processing (gas cleaning,

processing, separation)• The CSIRO Energy Transformed Program – works through

– the CRCs and independently on aspects of CO2 capture, CO2 sequestration, hydrogen production and applications

Organisations working with COAL21

The route to the hydrogen economy in Australia is likely to be dominated by fossil fuels


Source: CO2 CRC

H2 distribution system

H2 car

Improved fuel cells

Research H2 car

IGCC

CSS retrofit

Improved separation

GTL

FutureGenGorgon

SnovitIn Salah

Demo gasifierEnhanced CSM

Pilot capture projects

Hydrogen Economy

Research Projects

Commercial Projects

Prog

ress

tow

ards

the

hydr

ogen

eco

nom

y

2003 2010 2020 2030

Community acceptance of geosequestration

Effective integration of CO2 capture & storage

Zero emission electricity

Increased hydrogen use

?



Hydrogen from Natural Gas

Fossil Fuel (CH4)

Water

water

CO/H2/CO2 H2/CO2 H2 - fuel

CO2 to disposal / sequestration

• Fuel cells• Gas turbines• Cogeneration etc

CH4 + H2O(l ) + 250 KJ CO + 3H2

CO + H2O(l ) H2 + CO2 + 3 KJ

Solar Thermal

Fuel Reforming

Solar Thermal

Water GasShift

Conversion

CO2Recovery

Advanced Power

Generation~

Solar hydrogen production for:Fuel cell electricity generation from hydrogentransport applications (eg hythane™)Hydrogen for refining of heavier crude oils


Hydrogen from Natural Gas (2)


Hydrogen from Natural Gas (3)


Closing

• The main driver for hydrogen activities in Australia is GHG intensity reduction

• The hydrogen agenda is likely to be initially controlled by the development of low emission fossil fuel development

• The prospectivity for hydrogen production using renewable energy is high, but cost is a major barrier

• International partnerships are being sought for coal to hydrogen and gas to hydrogen technologies


Contact Information• COAL21

www.coal21.com.au• CRC for Coal in Sustainable Energy

www.ccsd.biz• CRC for Clean Power from Lignite

www.cleanpower.com.au• CRC for CO2 Management (CO2 CRC)

www.co2crc.com.au• The CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship Program

www.energytransformed.csiro.au• The Queensland Low Emission Technology Centre

[email protected]• The National Hydrogen Study

www.industry.gov.au• Australian Institute of Energy

http://www.aie.org.au/hydrogen_index.htm


“Back-up” slides


Who Are We?

“By igniting the creative spirit of our people, we deliver great science and

innovative solutions for industry, society and the environment”


Marine Research

Entomology

Land and Water

Sustainable Ecosystems

Atmospheric Research

Environment & Natural Resources

Minerals

Exploration & Mining

Petroleum Resources

Energy Technology

Sustainable Minerals & Energy

What We Do – Divisional Research

Food Science Australia

Forestry & Forest Products

Health Sciences & Nutrition

Livestock Industries

Plant Industry

Agribusiness & Health

Textile & Fibre Technology

Mathematical & Information Sciences

Molecular Science

Telecommunications & Industrial Physics

Manufacturing & Infrastructure Tech.

Australia Telescope National Facility

IT, Manufacturing & Services

Multi – Divisional Flagship Programs

Healthy CountryWealth from OceansClimate

Agri-Food Top 5Light MetalsClean Coal Syndicate

Preventative HealthEnergy TransformedSecure Australia


Who Are We?

• CSIRO ranks in the top 1% of world scientific institutions in 11 of 22 research fields

• 60% of our staff hold university degrees– >1800 doctorates– > 430 masters’ degrees

• 6300 staff located at 65 sites– 3 overseas labs– 7 international locations

You may know us already…

• 3500 patents granted or pending

• Citations per publication are 30% above world average

• More than 163 companies are based on CSIRO intellectual property


50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2021

2023

2025

2027

2029

Year

GW

h

Supply from Existing Plant

Demand (ESAA)

The Opportunity

A $30b+ opportunity for new technology implementation

Many existing plants still operating in 2030


Energy Tension

Economy Environment

Clean, Internationally Competitive, Reliable and Secure Energy Services

Energy Technology

EnergyTension

Technology Roadmaps

• Clean air• GHG emissions

• GDP growth• Competitive

industry• Expanding

exports

• Cost, quantity, quality of supply

• Generation efficiency

• Fossil fuel usage

Energy Transformed Roadmap: Taking the emissions out of Stationary Energy and Transport

Theme 1: EnergyFutures

Theme 2: Low Emission Electricity

Theme 3: Low Emission Transport

Theme 4:Low Emissions Distributed Energy

Short Term(1 – 3 years)

Medium Term(4 – 9 Years)

Long Term( 10+ Years)

Theme Goals

Development & reporting of a National Energy model

Update of model with feedback to R&D strategy and energy policy requirements

Optimum routes to the Hydrogen Economy

Feasibility of CO2storage in coal strata / aquifers

New IP in gas processing / CO2capture

Facilitation / involvement in zero emissions – coal to H2 pilot plant

Large scale H2 from fossil fuels

Mild hybrid vehicle development

Series hybrid developmentITS Systems developed

Intelligent transport / H2 fuel cell cars implemented

Innovative waste heat utilisation IP

Decentralised power with information feedback

Remote controlled, 80% efficiency heat / power / cooling supply systems

Supply options based on H2

Cost effective electricity meeting

Australia’s GHG commitments

Distributed Generation

solutions to GHG emissions

Transport innovations

meeting cost and emission targets

Identification of optimum energy

pathways


Sites for CO2 Sequestration Potential

* 102 sites analysed

* 65 proved viable CO2storage sites

* 22 sites not viable; 15 regional basin overviews

Potential sites

Unproduced high CO2gas field

Emission Node

All Sites Examined by GEODISC Program

Source: APCRC, GEODISC, Geoscience Australia


Source: AGO (2002) National Greenhouse Gas Inventory

GHG Emissions Sources 200025

6

38

OtherNat Gas

Petroleum

Coal

5250

40

30

20

10

0

14

18

7

3 32

Perc

ent

Stat

iona

ry

Ener

gy

(Ele

ctric

ity)

Tran

spor

t

Agr

icul

ture

Land

Use

, Fo

rest

ry

Was

te

Oth

er

Indu

stria

l


Annual Growth in GDP and Primary Energy Consumption

1977-78 1983-84 1989-90 1995-96 2001-02 2007-08 2013-14 2019-20

6

4

2

%

-2

-4

Economic Growth

Energy Consumption


Industrial Electricity Cost Comparison

15.914.9

11.511.0

10.3 10.3 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.6 9.4 9.4 9.2 9.1 8.98.4 8.1 7.8 7.7

6.8 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.2

3.1

18.6

0

5

10

15

20

Japa

n

Italy

Sing

apor

e

Net

herla

nds

Bel

gium

Port

ugal

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Irela

nd

Arg

entia

n

Cro

atia

Spai

n

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Taiw

an

Kor

ea

Gre

ece

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Pola

nd

Hun

gary

Luxe

mbo

urg

Uin

ted

Stat

es (N

C)

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Can

ada

AU

STR

ALI

A

Finl

and

Sout

h A

fric

a


Growth in energy consumption

500

1000

1500

2000

1998 - 99 1999-2000 2004-05 2009-10 2014-15 2019-20

PJ

NSW

Vic

QLD

WA

SA

Tas

NT

Source: ABARE

Theme 2Low Emission

Electricity

Theme 3Low Emission

Transport

Theme 4Low Emission

Distributed Energy

Energy Transformed

Stream 1Electricity

from Fossil Fuels

Stream 2Electricity

from Renewable

Sources

Stream 1Hydrogen

ready vehicle

technology

Stream 2Intelligent Transport

Stream 2Waste heat utilisation

Stream 3Energy

management technologies

Stream 1Distributed generation

Theme 1: Energy Futures

Stream 2Scenarios & Technology

Diffusion

Stream 3Social &

Environmental Impacts

Stream 1System

constraints

australian activities in clean hydrogen from coal ... · intelligent transport / h2 fuel cell cars...

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