Author Biographies

Allen J. Bard was born in New York City on December 18, 1933. He attendedThe City College of the College of New York (B.S., 1955) and Harvard Uni-versity (M.A., 1956, PhD., 1958). Dr. Bard joined the faculty at The Universityof Texas at Austin in 1958. He has been the Hackerman-Welch Regents Chairin Chemistry at UT since 1985. He has worked as mentor and collaborator withover 80 PhD students, 17 M.S. students, over 150 postdoctoral associates, andnumerous visiting scientists. He has published over 900 peer-reviewed researchpapers, 75 book chapters and other publications, authored 3 books and hasreceived over 23 patents. He served as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of theAmerican Chemical Society 19822001. His research interests involve the ap-plication of electrochemical methods to the study of chemical problems andinclude investigations in scanning electrochemical microscopy, electro-generated chemiluminescence and photoelectrochemistry.

Peter Bogdanoff received his PhD in physical chemistry at the Max-Volmer-Institute for Biophysical and Physical Chemistry of the TechnicalUniversity Berlin. During his PhD work, he investigated vectorial electrontransfer processes and the proton-stoichiometry during the photosynthesis atthylakoid membranes. In 1991 he joined the Department Solar Energetics atthe former Hahn-Meitner-Institute in Berlin as a postdoctoral research fellow,and since 1998 he has been the head of the Electrochemistry and Photoelec-trocatalysis research group, which is working on new materials and materialcombinations for energy conversion in (photo)electrocatalytic processes. Onehis main tasks has been the development and investigation of novel electro-catalysts for oxygen reduction, especially those based on transition-metal N4chelate centres, and their application in PEM fuel cells. Following foundationof Institute for Solar Fuels at the Helmholtz-Centre Berlin for Materials and

RSC Energy and Environment Series No. 9

Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Materials, Processes and Architectures

Edited by Hans-Joachim Lewerenz and Laurence Peter

r The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013

Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, www.rsc.org

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Energy in 2010, his research focus has changed to non-noble metal oxides andsulfides as electrocatalysts for light-driven splitting.

David J. Boston is a senior PhD student at the University of Texas at Arlingtonand works with Fred MacDonnell on the photochemical reduction of carbondioxide using ruthenium polypyridyl complexes. He received his B.S. inchemistry from Iowa State University in 2006, where he received the PlagensResearch Stipend.

Ramon Collazo is Assistant Professor of Materials Science and Engineering atNorth Carolina State University in Raleigh. He has worked on the growth andcharacterization of wide band gap semiconductor thin films, especially nitridesand diamond, for the past 15 years. He has been particularly involved in de-veloping a process for controlling the polarity in III-nitrides to develop lateralpolarity homojunctions along with their application to the first lateral p/njunction. Additionally, he has been involved in the development of AlN bulksingle crystal substrates, their surface preparation, and further epitaxial thinfilm deposition for optoelectronics and power device applications. Some of hiscurrent research interests are: III-N wide band gap semiconductors and controlof their point defects, polar materials, optical characterization and non-linearoptics. He was awarded the Facundo Bueso Medal for Physics and hasauthored over 100 publications in peer-reviewed journals. He has also beenawarded several patents and given presentations at national and internationalconferences.

Nikolaus Dietz is a Professor of Physics at Georgia State University in Atlanta.His areas of expertise include: radiation interactions with matter; the growth,materials property analysis and defect characterization of photovoltaic groupII-VI and I-III-VI2 compound semiconductors, e.g. CdMnTe, CuInS2,ZnGeP2; the epitaxial thin film growth of group III-phosphide and group III-nitride compound semiconductors by chemical beam epitaxy, low-pressure andsuperatmospheric CVD and plasma-assisted MOCVD and their physicalproperties characterization; the real-time optical thin-film growth diagnosticand process control; and the characterization of linear/nonlinear optical ma-terials properties. Present research focuses on the development and explorationof new approaches for the fabrication of ternary and quaternary group III-nitrides/phosphides heterostructures of relevance in nanophotonics, opto-electronics, high-efficient photovoltaics, and photocatalytic devices. Dr. Dietzholds several patents and has published more than 140 papers in peer-reviewedjournals as well a number of book chapters.

Kazunari Domen received his BSc (1976), MSc (1979), and PhD (1982) inchemistry from the University of Tokyo. He joined the Chemical ResourcesLaboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1982 as Assistant Professor andwas subsequently promoted to Associate Professor in 1990 and Professor in1996 before moving to the University of Tokyo as Professor in 2004. Professor

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Domen works on heterogeneous water-splitting photocatalysts for generationof clean and recyclable hydrogen. In 1980, he reported the discovery of a NiO-SrTiO3 photocatalyst for the overall water splitting reaction one of theearliest examples of stoichiometric H2 and O2 evolution on a particulate sys-tem. In 2005, he succeeded in achieving overall water splitting under visiblelight (400 nmolo500 nm) using a GaN:ZnO solid solution photocatalyst. Hisresearch interests now include heterogeneous catalysis and materials chemistry,with particular focus on surface chemical reaction dynamics, photocatalysis,solid acid catalysis, and mesoporous materials.

Sebastian Fiechter studied materials science at the Crystallographic Institute ofthe Albert-Ludwig-University Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany). In 1983 hejoined the group of Helmut Tributsch at the Hahn-Meitner-Institute in Berlin,where he developed new photoactive and photoelectrocatalytic materials. Inthe past 15 years he has been involved in the preparation and electrochemicalcharacterization of electrocatalysts for fuel cells and photovoltaic hybridelectrolysers. Together with Peter Bogdanoff, he developed carbon-supportedselenium-modified ruthenium catalysts and later porphyrin-based oxygen re-duction catalysts, where catalytically-active Fe-Nx and Co-Nx centres are em-bedded in graphene nano-sheets. In 2011, he was appointed honorary Professorat the Technical University Berlin. Between 2008 and 2012, he was actingdirector of the newly-founded Institute for Solar Fuels at the Helmholtz-CentreBerlin for Materials and Energy and was appointed Deputy Director in 2012.As a principle investigator of the project Nanostructured Materials for theLight-induced water Splitting, his activities are now focused on the realizationof water splitting membranes where non-noble metal oxides and sulfides act aselectrocatalysts integrated in PV thin film structures to split water intohydrogen and oxygen.

Michael Gratzel is Professor at the Ecole Polytechnique de LausanneSwitzerland, where he directs the Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces. Hepioneered the use of mesoscopic materials in energy conversion systems, inparticular photovoltaic cells, lithium ion batteries and photo-electrochemicaldevices for the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen by sunlight. He alsodiscovered a new type of solar cell based on dye sensitized nanocrystalline oxidefilms. Author of over 900 publications, two books and inventor of more than 50patents, his work has been cited over 88,000 times (h-index 138) making himone of the 10 most cited chemists in the world.

Thomas Hannappel was appointed in 2011 a W3 full professor (physics) inthe Photovoltaics Department of the University of Technology in Ilmenau.He is also scientific director of the solar center at the CiS research institute inErfurt, Germany. Before, he was provisional head of the Materials forPhotovoltaics Institute at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin and lecturer at theFree University Berlin, where he received his doctorate in 2005. He obtained hisPhD in Physics at the Technical University Berlin with studies on ultrafast

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dynamics of photo-induced charge carrier separation in dye solar cells, workperformed at Fritz-Haber-Institute Berlin. In 2003/04 he conducted research onsilicon/III-V-interfaces at NREL. His current investigations are focused onhigh-performance solar cells and critical interfaces and he is a key player in thefields of solar energy conversion and reactions of critical semiconductorinterfaces including silicon/ and germanium/III-V-interfaces, and nano- andquantum-structures.

Anders Hellman received his PhD in theoretical physics in 2003 from Universityof Gothenburg, Sweden. Since then he has worked on various topics related tosurface science, heterogeneous catalysis and materials for energy harvesting atresearch centers, such as, Haldor Topse A/S and the Center of IndividualNanoparticle Functionality (CINF), Denmark. He is currently an associateprofessor at Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden,where he is also associated with the Competence Centre for Catalysis. His re-search interests range from automotive catalysis to plasmon-assisted wateroxidation, where he has used several different computational methods, such as,density functional theory calculations, molecular dynamics, Monte-Carlotechniques, micro-kinetic models and finite difference time domain methods tounderstand the fundamental physics behind the observed phenomena. His re-search portfolio includes charge transfer and non-adiabaticity in surface re-action, ammonia synthesis, CO and methane oxidation, thin oxides supportedon metals, and photoelectrochemical studies of water oxidation.

Kai-Ling Huang is currently a doctoral student at the University of Texas atArlington since 2010. She works with Fred MacDonnell on the development ofruthenium polypyridyl complexes as potential photocatalysts for carbon di-oxide reduction. Kai-Ling completed a Bachelors Degree in Chemistry fromNational Taiwan University, Taiwan and continued her education with aMasters Degree in Catalysis, Molecular and Green Chemistry at Universite deRennes, France.

Heung Chan Lee obtained his BSc and MS degree at Korea University under thesupervision of Keon Kim. He synthesized and modified polymer electrolytemembranes, and performed electrochemical evaluations for fuel cell application.He carried out his PhD studies at The University of Iowa under the supervisionof Johna Leddy. Heung Chan Lee investigated magnetic field effects in electro-chemical systems including heterogeneous and homogeneous electron transferrates in magnetite composite modified semiconductor electrodes. During hisPhD, he won three awards including the Jakobsen conference award in 2010. In2011, he joined Allen J. Bards group at the University of Texas at Austin andworked on new metal oxide semiconductors for photoelectrochemical energyconversion systems using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). In 2011he was awarded an Oronzio and Niccolo De Nora Postdoctoral Fellowshipin Electrochemistry for his research proposal, Developing new oxide semi-conductors for solar energy conversion systems.

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Chanelle Jumper is a current PhD student in the Scholes group at the Universityof Toronto, Canada. She is studying ultrafast dynamics of energy transfer inphotosynthetic proteins, as well as model molecular systems. This work isaimed at understanding the physics involved in energy transfer processes forapplications related to solar cell development.

Marc T.M. Koper is Professor of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis at LeidenUniversity, The Netherlands. He received his PhD degree (1994) from UtrechtUniversity (The Netherlands) in the field of electrochemistry. He was an EUMarie Curie postdoctoral fellow at the University of Ulm (Germany) and aFellow of Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) atEindhoven University of Technology, before moving to Leiden in 2005. He hasalso been a visiting professor at Hokkaido University (Japan). His researchinterests are in fundamental studies of electrochemical and electrocatalyticprocesses through a combination of experimental and theoretical investi-gations. His group combines well-defined often single-crystalline electrodeswith spectroscopic techniques to study electrocatalytic reactions of importancefor energy and environmental issues, such as hydrogen evolution, oxygen re-duction and oxygen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrate reduction.His theoretical work includes theories of charge transfer reactions in condensedmedia and first-principles density-functional theory calculations of electrodesurfaces.

Kevin C. Leonard is currently a postdoctoral research fellow in the Chemistryand Biochemistry Department at the University of Texas at Austin. He has aBS in Chemical Engineering and Applied Mathematics and an MS and PhD inMaterials Science from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Dr. Leonardsresearch interests include materials for renewable energy storage and charac-terization of these materials utilizing scanning electrochemical microscopy. Hewas awarded the 2012 Oronzio and Niccolo De Nora Foundation Fellowshipin Electrochemistry.

Hans-Joachim Lewerenz is currently Department Head of the Joint Center forArtificial Photosynthesis at the California Institute of Technology and DeputyDirector of the Solar Fuel Institute at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin. His re-search interests encompass photoelectrochemistry, solar energy conversion andsurface science of semiconductors. He received his doctorate from the Tech-nical University of Berlin (TUB) in 1978 with a thesis on photoemission intoelectrolytes, performed at the Fritz-Haber-Institute. After a two year post-doctoral stay at Bell Labs working on photoelectrochemical solar cells, hemoved to the Brown Boveri Research Center in Switzerland before returning toBerlin to where he habilitated in physics at TUB and become group leader atthe Hahn-Meitner-Institute. He was appointed as professor for physics at TUBand Head of the Department Interfaces at HMI in 1994. He has been guestprofessor at the Brandenburgisch Technical University Cottbus and visiting/adjunct professor at North Carolina State University. Professor Lewerenz has

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published over 260 articles and 4 books and has authored 20 patents. Herecently became editor of Springer Briefs for Physics.

Nathan S. Lewis is Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute ofTechnology since 1991. Since 2010 he has served as Principal Investigator of theJoint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, the DOEs Energy Innovation Hubin Fuels from Sunlight, and since 1992 the Beckman Institute Molecular Ma-terials Resource Center. His research interests include artificial photosynthesisand electronic noses. He continues to study ways to harness sunlight andgenerate chemical fuel by splitting water to generate hydrogen. He is developingthe electronic nose, which consists of chemically sensitive conducting polymerfilm capable of detecting and quantifying a broad variety of analytes. Technicaldetails focus on light-induced electron transfer reactions, both at surfaces andin transition metal complexes, surface chemistry and photochemistry of semi-conductor/liquid interfaces, novel uses of conducting organic polymers andpolymer/conductor composites, and development of sensor arrays that usepattern recognition algorithms to identify odorants, mimicking the mammalianolfaction process.

Fred MacDonnell is Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University ofTexas at Arlington. He has worked for many years on topics related to solarenergy conversion, most specifically with the development of ruthenium-basedphotocatalysts for multi-electron collection and catalysis. He has published 54papers in peer-reviewed journals as well as several book chapters.

Kazuhiko Maeda received his BSc from Tokyo University of Science (2003), hisMSc from the Tokyo Institute of Technology (2005), and his PhD from theUniversity of Tokyo (2007) under the supervision of Professor KazunariDomen. From 2008 to 2009, he was a postdoctoral fellow at Pennsylvania StateUniversity, where he worked with Professor Thomas E. Mallouk. He thenjoined The University of Tokyo as an Assistant Professor in 2009. Moving toTokyo Institute of Technology in 2012, he was promoted to an AssociateProfessor. His research interests are photocatalytic and photoelectrochemicalwater splitting using semiconductor particles of (oxy)nitrides, inorganic metaloxide nanosheets, and polymeric carbon nitride, combining nanotechnologyand materials chemistry. He has published more than 80 peer-reviewed originalpapers as well as several review papers and book chapters.

Matthias M. May is a PhD student at Humboldt-Universitat in Berlin on ascholarship of the German National Academic Foundation. He studied physicsin Stuttgart, Grenoble, and Berlin with focus on condensed matter and com-putational physics. In his diploma thesis, he investigated the electronic struc-ture of charge-density waves in transition-metal dichalcogenides and beganwork on the water-semiconductor interface. His strongest research tools areangle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ reflection anisotropyspectroscopy.

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James McKone is in his fifth year of graduate studies at the California Instituteof Technology in the research groups of Harry B. Gray and Nathan S. Lewis.A native of northern Iowa, he developed a passion for renewable energy as anundergraduate at Saint Olaf College, where he received a Bachelor of Artsdegree in 2008, majoring in chemistry and music. His research at Caltech hasbeen focused on development of earth-abundant semiconductor and catalystmaterials for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution. James has also beenactively involved in the design and rollout of several successful outreach effortsaffiliated with the NSF CCI Solar program based at Caltech.

Noseung Myung obtained his BS degree at Yonsei University in Korea and hisPhD degree at the University of Texas at Arlington with Professor KrishnanRajeshwar as mentor. After a postdoctoral fellowship at Clark University, MA,USA, he has been a Professor of Applied Chemistry at Konkuk UniversityChungju Campus in Korea since 1996. His research interests include electro-deposition of semiconductor, photoelectrochemistry and method developmentfor the analysis of semiconductor thin films using electrochemical quartz crystalmicrogravimetry and voltammetry.

Arthur J. Nozik is Professor Adjoint in the Department of Chemistry at theUniversity of Colorado, Boulder; Senior Research Fellow Emeritus at the USNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL); and a Founding Fellow ofthe NREL/University of Colorado Renewable and Sustainable Energy Insti-tute. Nozik has been Associate Director of the Los Alamos/NREL EnergyFrontier Research Center and founding Scientific Director of the ColoradoCenter for Revolutionary Solar Photoconversion. His research interests includesize quantization effects in semiconductor structures, including multiple excitongeneration and the applications of unique effects in nanostructures andnanoscience to advanced approaches for solar photon conversion. He haspublished over 250 papers and book chapters, written or edited 6 books, holds11 US patents and serves on many Scientific Advisory Boards and Committees.He received the 2011 ACS Esselen Award at Harvard University, the 2009Science Award from the UN IREO, the 2008 Eni Award in Science andTechnology, and the 2002 Research Award of the Electrochemical Society. Hewas Senior Editor of The Journal of Physical Chemistry, and is on the editorialadvisory board of several other journals. He is a Fellow of the AmericanPhysical Society and the AAAS.

Evgeny E. Ostroumov is Postdoctoral Fellow in University of Toronto. Hereceived his PhD in Physics from University of Dusseldorf and Max-Planck-Institute for Bioinorganic Chemistry, where he worked with AlfredHolzwarth exploring electronic properties of isolated chromophores as well asphoto-protection mechanisms in high plants. During his MSc studies inMoscowState University he worked on laser diagnostics and remote sensing of phyto-plankton. His current research interests include application of nonlinear ultra-fast spectroscopy to study energy transfer processes in natural complex systems.

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Hyun S. Park received his BS degree (2006) and MS degree (2008) in ChemicalEngineering from Seoul National University, Korea. He was a graduate studentin Professor Allen J. Bards group from 20102012, and just received his PhDdegree from the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department at The University ofTexas at Austin. His studies encompassed electrochemistry and photochemistryof metal oxide semiconductors. His current research interests include photo-electrochemistry for photon-energy conversion in water splitting system.

Bruce Parkinson received his BS in chemistry at Iowa State University in 1972and his PhD from Caltech in 1977 under the guidance of Professor Fred Anson.After a year of post-doctoral studies at Bell Laboratories with Adam Heller hewas a staff scientist at the Ames Laboratory. He then became a senior scientistat the Solar Energy Research Institute (now known as the National RenewableEnergy Laboratory) in Golden, Colorado. He then joined the Central Researchand Development Department of the DuPont Company in 1985. In 1991 hebecame Professor of Chemistry at Colorado State University until his depart-ure to join the Department of Chemistry and the School of Energy Resourcesat the University of Wyoming in 2008. His current research covers a widerange of areas including materials chemistry, photochemistry on Mars andphotoelectrochemical energy conversion. He has more than 200 publications inpeer-reviewed journals and holds 5 US patents. His other interests includephotography and swimming.

Laurie Peter is Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Bath. Hehas worked for many years on topics related to solar energy conversion, in-cluding dye-sensitized solar cells, earth-abundant materials for thin film PV,semiconductor photoelectrochemistry and photobiological systems for energyconversion. He has published around 290 papers in peer-reviewed journals aswell as several book chapters and has been awarded a number of internationalprizes for his work. Much of his recent research has involved collaboration withother groups in the UK within the framework of two EPSRC Supergen Con-sortia: PV materials for the 21st Century and Excitonic Solar Cells. He currentlyhas a number of international collaborations and splits his time between theUniversity of Bath and the Ludwig Maximillian University in Munich, wherehe is working on a range of topics including light-driven water splitting and in-situ microwave measurements on solar cells.

Evgeny Ostroumov is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Toronto. Hereceived his PhD in Physics from University of Dusseldorf and the Max-Planck-Institute for Bioinorganic Chemistry, where he worked with ProfessorAlfred Holzwarth exploring the electronic properties of isolated chromophoresas well as photo-protection mechanisms in high plants. During his MSc studiesin Moscow State University, he worked on laser diagnostics and remote sensingof phytoplankton. His current research interests include the application ofnonlinear ultrafast spectroscopy to study energy transfer processes in naturalcomplex systems.

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Krishnan Rajeshwar is a Distinguished University Professor and Associate VicePresident for Research at the University of Texas at Arlington. He is the Editorof Electrochemical Society Interface since 1999. His research interests includephotoelectrochemistry; solar energy conversion; renewable energy; materialschemistry; semiconductor electrochemistry; and environmental chemistry. Hehas edited books, special issues of journals, and conference proceedings and isthe author of over 350 refereed publications.

Greg Scholes is the D.J. LeRoy Distinguished Professor at the University ofToronto in the Department of Chemistry. His research group examinesphotophysics in systems ranging from semiconductor nanocrystals to conju-gated polymers to photosynthetic light-harvesting proteins. He is especiallyinterested in uncovering microscopic details of light-induced energy captureand conversion processes in photosynthesis and organic photovoltaics using acombination of femtosecond laser experiments and theory. He serves as anEditorial Advisor for New Journal of Physics and Senior Editor for the Journalof Physical Chemistry Letters. He serves on several editorial advisory boards.

Klaas Jan Schouten was born in Gouda in 1986 and grew up in Moordrecht, theNetherlands. He obtained his MSc degree (cum laude) from Leiden Universityin 2009, doing research on the dissociation of hydrogen on stepped platinumsurfaces under UHV conditions with Ludo Juurlink. He also investigated theadsorption of H1 and OH on stepped platinum surfaces under electro-chemical conditions. After that he continued with Marc Koper for a PhDproject, focused on the mechanistic aspects of the electrochemical reduction ofcarbon dioxide on copper electrodes.

Kevin Sivula received a PhD degree from the Department of ChemicalEngineering at the University of California, Berkeley in 2007 and is currentlyan Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Ecole PolytechniqueFederale de Lausanne. His research is directed towards engineering new,inexpensive and solution-processable semiconductor materials andimplementing them in high performance devices especially for solar energyconversion. He has published over 40 peer-reviewed papers on diverse subjectssuch as controlling interfacial electronics, nanostructured morphology, andself-assembly to gain insight into charge carrier transport, energy transfer, andoptoelectronic performance of transistors, sensors, photovoltaic and photo-electrochemical devices.

Norma Tacconi is a Research Associate Professor at the University of Texas atArlington. After stints at The Institute of Physical Chemistry (INIFTA,Argentina), University of Poitiers, CNRS Bellevue Laboratory, and theUniversity of Geneva, she joined the group of Professor Rajeshwar at UTArlington in the early 90s. She has co-authored over 160 papers in peer-reviewed journals as well as several book chapters. Her research interestsinclude semiconductor nanostructures and nanocomposites for photovoltaic

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energy conversion, molecular catalysts for photo- and electroreduction ofCO2, semiconductor nanoparticles for environmental remediation, andphotocatalytically-generated metal nanoclusters on carbon black for fuel cellapplications.

John A. Turner is a Research Fellow at the National Renewable EnergyLaboratory, and has been with the Laboratory since 1979 when was then theSolar Energy Research Institute. He received his BS degree in Chemistry fromIdaho State University, his PhD in Analytical Chemistry from Colorado StateUniversity, and completed a postdoctoral appointment at the CaliforniaInstitute of Technology before joining the Laboratory. His work is primarilyconcerned with enabling technologies for the implementation of hydrogen-based systems into the energy infrastructure. His main research interests arephotoelectrochemistry for the production of hydrogen from sunlight and waterand the study of fundamental processes of charge transfer at semiconductorelectrodes. He is a Fellow of the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, ajoint institute between NREL and the University of Colorado, Boulder andco-Editor of the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, an AIP journal.

Shijun Wang is currently a postdoctoral fellow working in Allen J. Bards groupat the University of Texas at Austin. He earned his PhD from the University ofSouthern Mississippi in 2010. He received his BS degree from the AnhuiUniversity of Science and Technology (China) in 1995 and MS degree from theAnhui University (China) in 2005. His research interests include semiconductorphotoelectrochemistry, design and understanding novel solid state inorganicphotocatalysis and electrocatalysis material for solar energy conversion.

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