author index - fs.fed.us...annadel state park, control of douglas-fir invasion, 275–279...

AUTHOR INDEX

713USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.

Proceedings of a Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Ecology, Management, and Urban Interface Issues Author Index

Authors Page

Adams, Theodore E., Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Aigner, Paul A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Airola, Daniel A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583Allen-Diaz, Barbara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339Arnold, Richard A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

Baefsky, Michael . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527Barnhart, Steve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275Barry, Sheila J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667Bartolome, James W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183, 327, 569Bayer, Robin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693Bell, Charles W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Bell, Enoch F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Bell, Fremont L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Berlund, Tristan C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Berman, Jennifer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692Bernhardt, Elizabeth A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147, 157, 301, 543Berry, Alison M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 553Bertenshaw, James L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Bihari, Gabor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697Bledsoe, Caroline S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 692, 693Block, William M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Bloom, Peter H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365Bolsinger, Charles L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Brooks, William H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479Bryant, John M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625, 691Bunnell, Fred L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648

Campbell, Chris G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339Cobb, Janet S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Conard, Susan G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694Conkle, M. Thompson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694Connor, J. Michael . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183, 267, 321, 696Corcoran, Bonni M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646Costello, Laurence R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 553

Dagit, Rosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Davis, Frank W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353De Lasaux, Michael D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Dockter, JoAnn L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391Dodd, Richard S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Downer, A. James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Downie, Denise E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Drake, Christiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147, 157

Eberlein, Gary E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355, 683

Fargo, Roberta J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Fong, Herb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559, 693Fritzke, Susan L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281Frost, William E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177, 183, 299, 347, 671Fuchs, Marilyn A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648Fulgham, Kenneth O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

714 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.

Author Index Proceedings of a Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Ecology, Management, and Urban Interface Issues

Garcia, Sergio L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Garrison, Barrett A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353, 411George, Melvin R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Germaine, Heather L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Gorton, Terry Barlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Griggs, F. Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Hagen, Bruce W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521Halpin, Christopher G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Hanna, R. Joss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613Harestad, Alton S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648Hastey, Ed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Hastings, Marla S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275Hodgskiss, Paul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694Hubbell, Jean G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651Huff, Eric K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Hug, Hilary K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559Huntsinger, Lynn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626

Jacobs, Karel A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 553Jansen, Henricus C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Jensen, Wayne A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Johnson, Kenneth D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355, 683Johnson, Sharon G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593Joyce, Melissa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696

Kashani, Nasser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Kloss, Susan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Knight, Ronald S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667Knops, Johannes M.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75, 101Koenig, Walter D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Krannitz, Pam G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648Kruger, Barbara S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699

Larsen, Royce E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Larson, Amy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698Laudenslayer, William F., Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Lawson, Dawn M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642Lian, Heidi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698Lomas, M. Christine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698Lowell, Eini C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457Lubin, Dorothy Mockus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

MacDonald, James D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 553Mansfield, Terry M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Matzner, Steven L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 694McBride, Joe R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117, 275McCreary, Douglas D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177, 211, 243, 267, 667McDougald, Neil K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177, 331, 347, 671McPherson, Guy R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Millikin, Catherine S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 693Montalvo, Arlee M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694Moon Stumpff, Linda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692Morrison, Michael L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Mossadegh, Ahmad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Motz, Ronald W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679


Proceedings of a Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Ecology, Management, and Urban Interface Issues Author Index

Muick, Pamela C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Munton, Thomas E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355, 683

Narog, Marcia G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646Narwath, Steve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697Nash, Thomas H. III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Nelson, Charles W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491Nicholas, Alicia M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Nichols, Greg A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Nickles, Douglas V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515Noel, Jay E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603, 613Norberg, Edward A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

O’Dell, Tharon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21O’Sullivan, Richard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Osterling, Ralph S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Paysen, Timothy E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646Peterson, Daryl R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289Phillips, Ralph L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Piirto, Douglas D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199, 613Pillsbury, Norman H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465, 698Plank, Marlin E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457Plumb, Timothy R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59, 231Pratini, Nanette L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657Purcell, Kathryn L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Quinn, Ronald D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697

Radabaugh, Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491Rafii, Zara A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Rawlings, Marcus S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583Reimer, Jeffrey L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465Rice, Kevin J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 694Richards, James H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 694Roberts, James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697Robinson, Scott T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Rojahn, Karin J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Rowntree, Rowan A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

Sanders, Dale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527Sands, Peter B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Schlesinger, William H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Schwan, Joan L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559, 693Scott, Thomas A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657Seiger, Leslie A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642Shelly, John R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443, 445, 631Siepel, Nancy R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391Smith, Brenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Snow, Richard R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Sprague, G. Lynn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Standiford, Richard B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169, 177, 411, 569Stanley, Marion E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Steger, George N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355, 683Stephens, Scott L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191Stephenson, John R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Swiecki, Tedmund J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147, 157, 301, 541, 543


Author Index Proceedings of a Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Ecology, Management, and Urban Interface Issues

Taskey, Ronald D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Tate, Kenneth W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Tecklin, Jerry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 243, 267Thomas, Jack Ward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Thompson, Richard P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567, 603, 613, 699Tietje, William D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365, 391, 423, 661Treber, Gregory A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Turner, Jennifer G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Verner, Jared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381Vilkitis, James R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499Volgarino, Deveree A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Vreeland, Justin K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365, 391

Walters, Daniel R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703Weitkamp, William H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213, 661Weltzin, Jake F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225White, Scott D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664White, Thomas C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Willoughby, Bob L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321Wilson, Richard A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 53Work, George R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695

Yoshida, Sally L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

Zavala, Miguel A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646Zedler, Paul H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642Zimmerman, Kenneth J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51


Index

IndexAacacia (Acacia longifolia), tree volume equations for, 465–478access problems and inventorying oak woodlands, 61–63“acorn calves,” 15acorns

collection of, 679–680cork oak acorns for hogs, 480cup removal and higher germination rate, 227–228dispersal by Steller’s jays, 648–650Emory oak germination, 225–230over-planting recommended, 294planting in native soils, 657–660planting techniques for coast live oak, 231–242planting without irrigation, 681–682production patterns within California, 101–108seeded acorns vs. nursery stock, 220–221size and Emory oak germination, 228, 229size parameters and seedling survival and growth rates, 113size related to seedling size, 680storage of, 680–681taproot, importance of, 679toxicity and cattle, 14–15viability differences, Kern and Madera Counties, 180–181

active management, 588–589adaptation patterns, blue oak seedlings, 109–115adaptive management, 534Aesculus californica. See California buckeyeage, blue oak seedlings, 179–180Alameda County, cattle grazing and ground squirrels in blue oak savanna, 327–329alfalfa, competitive effects on valley oak seedlings, 651–656allometric relationships, root mass and aboveground parameters in blue oak, 83–89Amador County, ranchers and factors contributing to land use change, 593–602American sweet gum, tree volume equations for, 465–478amphibians

richness, numbers, and habitat relationships in coastal oak woodland, 397–398wood cutting and impact on habitat in blue oak woodlands, 411–422

Annadel State Park, control of Douglas-fir invasion, 275–279Arctostaphylos hookeri spp. hookeri. See Hooker’s manzanitaArctostaphylos viscida. See gray leaf manzanitaArizona, Emory oak germination and emergence, 225–230arthropods

CODA database, 543–552counts of mites and insects in CODA database, 548damage to oaks caused by, 550See also insects

Bbiodiversity, recommended working definition of, 534birds

California spotted owl diet, 683–687California spotted owl nest sites in southern Sierra Nevada, 355–364in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 381–390keystone species for nesting birds in study, 396point counts, design recommendations, 431–439red-tailed hawk nest site characteristics in central California oak woodlands, 365–372richness, numbers, and habitat relationships in coastal oak woodland, 396–397Steller’s jays and acorn dispersal, 648–650wood cutting and effect on population trends, 431–439wood cutting and impact on habitat in blue oak woodlands, 411–422See also counting of birds

black oak. See California black oak


Index

blue gum, tree volume equations for, 465–478blue jays. See Steller’s jaysblue oak

acorn production patterns, 101–108acorn viability from Kern and Madera Counties, 180–181canopy cover, rainfall, and forage production, 187, 188cattle grazing and sapling growth, 313–320clipping effect on seedlings, 135–145CODA report for Inonotus andersonii (canker-rot), 545–546damaging agents in CODA database, 547downed woody material and, 423–430forage production and canopy density, 321–326genetic variation in shoot growth, phenology, and mineral accumulation, 117–125individual tree model to estimate stand structure dynamics, 169–176lichens and nutrient cycling, 75–82natural mortality rate, 152physical and mechanical properties of, 450pruning resprouts to enhance growth, 667–670regeneration in southern Sierra foothills, 177–181rehabilitation of a restoration project, 267–273root biomass study, 83–89sapling recruitment and regeneration status, 147–155sapling recruitment, factors affecting, 157–167seedling adaptation patterns and processes, 109–115seedling establishment by artificial regeneration, 213–223seedling protectors and weed control, 243–250seedling rooting and low oxygen stress, 91–99shade effect on seedlings, 135–145soil characteristics, 65–73soil water potential and root activity, 693tree shelters and direct seeding, 693tree shelters for seedlings, 243–250, 267–273water stress and stomatal conductance, 694weed control, 243–250, 267–273

blue oak woodlands and savannasbiological diversity of, 117, 169California spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364cattle grazing and ground squirrels, 327–329CRP oak regeneration study, 661–663fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198grasslands conversion not easily reversed, 166point counts of birds, design recommendations, 431–439prescribed burning project (1987-1995), 671–678red-tailed hawk nest site characteristics in, 365–372sapling recruitment inadequate to offset losses in, 147–155understory composition, 183–184vertebrate abundance and habitat associations in coastal-central California, 391–400volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564wood cutting and impact on wildlife habitat, 411–422

British Columbia, acorn dispersal by Steller’s jays, 648–650brown-headed cowbirds, in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 388, 389Browning-Ferris Industries, 251–256brush mice, problems assessing presence and abundance of, 373–380Buena Vista Country Club (BVCC), Conservation Plan for golf course development, 499–513Bureau of Land Management, oak woodland management efforts of, 41–42Buteo jamaicensis. See red-tailed hawkButte County, assessment of potential hardwood loss in, 491–497

CCache Creek Management Area, BLM oak woodland protection area, 41–42California Aqueduct Project, pipeline to Santa Barbara, 28, 30, 31–31, 703California black oak

acorn production patterns, 101–108California spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364damaging agents in CODA database, 547fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198 continued


Index

lumber suppliers of, 634lumber volume and value recovery data, 457–464mills that process, 633physical and mechanical properties of, 450restoration project in Yosemite Valley, 281–289valuation of lumber from ($/MLT), 461–462volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446

California Board of Forestry, hardwood management efforts, 22–24California bottlebrush grass, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513California buckeye, fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198California Cattlemen’s Association, history and policy for hardwood range management, 51–52California Dept. of Fish and Game

budget lacking for oak protection, 28, 34oak woodlands conservation role, 43–44

California Dept. of Forestry and Fire Protectionbudget lacking for oak protection, 28, 34regulation not favored by, 28, 53

California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)adequacy of studies and surveys required by, 530–531recommendations for improvement of, 532–533

California ground squirrels. See ground squirrelsCalifornia mice, problems assessing presence and abundance of, 373–380California Native Plant Society, guidelines for assessing effects of development, 533California Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB), 533California Oak Disease and Arthropod (CODA) database, 543–552California Oak Foundation

chartering of, 3general planning process activities, 577importance of, 19, 20paper presented by president of, 27–34strategy of, 699

California Rangeland Water Quality Management Plan (CRWQMP), 696–697California Resources Agency

budget lacking for oak protection, 28, 34paper resented by assistant secretary for, 17–20

California spotted owldiet in riparian deciduous and oak habitats, 683–687nest sites in woodlands of southern Sierra Nevada, 355–364

California tiger salamanders, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 49–513California walnut restoration, 697California white oak. See valley oakCalifornia Wildlife Habitat Relationships database, 407, 411, 423

shortcomings of and EIRs, 533camphor tree, tree volume equations for, 465–478canker-rot (Inonotus andersonii), CODA report on, 545–546canopy

blue oak canopy and forage production, 321–326blue oak sapling recruitment, 157–167California spotted owl nest site characteristics and canopy cover, 355–364Emory oak germination, 227, 228, 229lichens and nutrient cycling fluxes, 75–82sapling position relative to canopy, 149, 151shade effect on seedlings, 135–145understory-canopy relationships, 183–190and understory composition, 184–186and understory forage productivity, 187–188vigor related to canopy condition, 258, 259, 260–261, 263–265wood cutting and canopy cover, impact on wildlife habitat, 411–422

canyon live oakacorn production patterns, 101–108California spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364damaging agents in CODA database, 547fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198fire injury monitoring with electrical resistance, 646–647population structure and clonal variation in, 694–695volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446

California black oak (continued)


Index

carob, tree volume equations for, 465–478cattle grazing. See livestock grazingCattlemen’s Association. See California Cattlemen’s Associationcattle ranchers

critical problems of, 598–600disintegration of farm economy and infrastructure, 596–597oak habitat preservation by, 11–16, 299–300oak regeneration techniques, 695–696“Right to Farm” ordinances, 597sale or subdivision of land, 593–602thinning practices of, 12–13

CCA. See California Cattlemen’s Associationcensuses. See counting of birdsCeratonia siliqua. See carobcertification. See professional certification and licensingcharcoal, as a special forest product, 636–637Chinese elm, tree volume equations for, 465–478Chinese pistache, tree volume equations for, 465–478Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens. See Monterey spineflowerCinnamomum camphota. See camphor treecoast live oak

acorn production patterns, 101–108clipping effect on seedlings, 135–145damaging agents in CODA database, 547downed woody material and, 423–430geographic distribution, 129hybridization among evergreen oaks, 127–133physical and mechanical properties of, 450planting success, 251–256pruning of crown, 252–253regeneration techniques, 231–242seedling and sapling mortality and growth rates, 642–645shade effect on seedlings, 135–145soil characteristics, 65–73transplantation problems, 257–266tree shelters and direct seeding, 693

coast live oak woodlandsgolf course Conservation Plan to preserve, 499–513red-tailed hawk nest site characteristics in, 365–372understory composition, 184vertebrate abundance and habitat associations in, 391–400volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564

coast redwood forest, tanoak control with herbicides, 199–208CODA (California Oak Disease and Arthropod) database, 543–552COF. See California Oak FoundationColusa County, cattle grazing and blue oak saplings, 313–320common garden experiment, genetic variation in blue oak, 117–125conductivity values, livestock grazing and water quality, 342Conejo Valley, valley oak survival and vigor related to urban development, 515–519Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), oak regeneration study, 661–663conservation strategies

education and research activities of the IHRMP, 569–581golf course development and endangered habitats, 499–513local policy initiatives, 576–577southern California forests and woodlands, 401–410See also management methods

Consumes River Preserve, BLM oak woodland protection area, 42Contra Costa County

seedling establishment by artificial regeneration, 213–223valley oak mitigation and reservoir project, 583–591wildlife evaluation methods and subdivision EIRs, 527–537

Contra Costa Water District, valley oak mitigation and reservoir project, 583–591conversion of habitat, 4–5coordinated resource management and planning (CRMP), 534–535


Index

cork oakCalifornia domestic cork production, 479–484history of cork use, 479–480low oxygen stress and Phytophthora cinnamomi infection and disease, 553–558seedling rooting and low oxygen stress, 91–99yields rates, 482–484

costirrigation costs, 294of transplantation, 265of tree shelters, 272Vaca cages, 309valley oak restoration, 294

counting of birdspoint count design recommendations, 431–439spot-mapping censuses, 381–390, 393, 396–397See also population survey techniques

county governmentCattlemen’s Association and voluntary guideline development, 52role of, 23–24

cowbirds, in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 388, 389creeks

grazing and erosion of intermittent streams, 331–337livestock grazing and water quality, 339–346

CRMP (coordinated resource management and planning), 534–535crown cover, individual tree model for blue oaks to predict, 169–176crown rot. See Phytophthora cinnamomiCupressus macrocarpa. See Monterey cypressCWHR. See California Wildlife Habitat Relationships databaseCyanocitta stelleri. See Steller’s jays

Ddamaging agents

California Oak Disease and Arthropod (CODA) database, 543–552damage to oaks caused by, 550–551effect of hypoxia on Phytophthora cinnamomi infection of cork oak roots, 553–558fungal species in CODA database, 549soil fungus (Phytophthora cinnamomi) and cork oaks, 481See also fire; urbanization

deer. See herbivory controlDel Valle Park, cattle grazing and ground squirrels in blue oak savanna, 327–329depositional surfaces, and coast live oaks, 65–73diseases

CODA database, 543–552damage to oaks caused by, 550–551See also damaging agents

Douglas-fir, control of invasion by, 275–279Douglas-fir forest, tanoak control with herbicides, 199–208downed woody material (DWM)

California spotted owl nest sites, 359, 361contribution by blue, valley, and coast live oaks, 423–430

droughtblue oak seedling height, 179seedling survival rate, 143See also moisture stress; rainfall

drying, California hardwoods, 451–453dusky-footed woodrats, problems assessing presence and abundance of, 373–380

Eecosystem management

conceptual mitigation plan, 584–588description of, 5–9detailed mitigation plan, 588–589

continued


Index

valley oak mitigation for reservoir project, 583–591watershed approach to ecosystem-based planning, 49–50

edge cities. See urbanizationEIRs. See environmental impact reports (EIRs)El Dorado County

fire history of mixed oak-pine forest in, 191–198property values and oak tree and stand condition, 613–621ranchers and factors contributing to land use change, 593–602

electrical resistance, for monitoring fire injury, 646–647Elymus californicus. See California bottlebrush grassEmory oak, germination and emergence of, 225–230endangered species

golf course Conservation Plan and, 499–513See also California spotted owl; northern spotted owl

Engelmann oakacorn production patterns, 101–108physical and mechanical properties of, 450seedling and sapling mortality and growth rates, 642–645seedling growth increased with native soils, 657–660threatened status, 4volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446

environmental impact reports (EIRs)case study of wildlife evaluation methods in proximity to subdivisions, 527–537CEQA and documentation quality, 530–531

epiphytic lichens, nutrient cycling of a blue oak woodland, 75–82erosion, grazing and erosion of intermittent streams, 331–337erosional surfaces, and blue oaks, 65–73estate taxes

conservation easements and, 33–34high land value and pressure on heirs, 599

Eucalyptus globulus. See Blue gumEucalyptus signata, root biomass, 86–87European starling, in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 386, 387–388, 389

Ffertilizer treatment, California black oak seedling restoration project, 283–287fire

benefits to oak habitat, 281and blue oak sapling recruitment, 161–162, 165electrical resistance for monitoring fire injury, 646–647history in mixed oak-pine forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198lightning fires, 196prescribed burning and oak woodlands and American Indians, 692prescribed burning project (1987-1995), 671–678prescribed burning to control Douglas-fir invasion, 275–279seedling and sapling mortality and growth rates of coast live oak and Engelmann oak, 642–645suppression of fire and decline in Lake Tahoe Basin forest health, 613wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564

fire riskthreat of edge effect grows, 18urban/wildlife interface and, 46

firewoodcattle ranchers and, 12, 13harvesting of, 411harvesting trends (1988-1992), 575recommendation to mitigate the removal of downed woody material, 428See also wood cutting

flavor enhancers, as a special forest product, 637flooding, low oxygen stress and seedling rooting, 91–99foothill pine, fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198forage management

blue oak canopy and forage production, 321–326canopies and forage productivity, 187–188quality of understory forage, 186–187 continued

ecosystem management (continued)


Index

See also livestock grazingforest botanicals, as a special forest product, 637–638Fort Ord, BLM oak woodland protection area, 42Fraxinus velutina Modesto. See Modesto ashFresno County

blue oak regeneration in, 177–181California spotted owl diet in riparian deciduous and oak habitats, 683–687problems assessing presence and abundance of small nocturnal mammals, 373–380

fungi. See damaging agentsfurniture manufacturers

California hardwood industry and, 631–635See also lumber; niche markets

GGarlon 3A/Garlon 4. See triclopyrGarry oak (Q. garryana)

acorn dispersal by Steller’s jays, 648–650See also Oregon white oak (Q. garryana)

genetic variationblue oak seedlings, 109–115blue oak shoot growth, phenology, and mineral accumulation, 117–125canyon live oak population structure and clonal variation, 694–695gene flow among evergreen oaks, 127–133

geographic synchrony in oak growth and reproduction, 101–108germination. See acorns; seedlingsGIS. See map compilations; spatial modeling and analysisgold mining, impact of, 4golf course development, Conservation Plan for, 499–513gophers

coast live oak survival, 255See also pocket gophers

grain deviations, California hardwoods, 448grasses, in oak woodland understory, 183–184grasshoppers

blue oak restoration project, 268, 270, 271screens to control, 215, 218–219tree shelters and screens to control, 248

gray leaf manzanita, fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198grazing. See livestock grazinggreenery, as a special forest product, 638–639ground squirrels

cattle grazing influence in blue oak savanna, 327–329threat to seedling establishment, 220, 221valley oak seedling survival and, 306, 309–310

growth rings. See tree-ring data

Hhabitat quality index (HQI), 585–586habitat relationships

California Wildlife Habitat Relationships database, 407, 411downed woody material and, 423–430GIS-based models to predict, 408–409urban development, oak woodlands, and habitat fragmentation, 521–522wood cutting in blue oak woodland, 411–422

habitat restoration. See restoration projectshardwood industry. See lumberheight

individual tree model for blue oaks to predict, 169–176of juvenile oaks and wildfire survival, 561–562measuring tree height, 470, 471

forage management (continued)


Index

herbicidescontrol of Douglas-fir invasion of oak woodland, 275–279first growing season use of, 291tanoak control in uneven-aged redwood forest, 199–208weed control for oak seedling regeneration, 213–223weed control for valley oak seedlings, 304, 305See also weed control

herbivory controlblue oak restoration project, 268, 270, 271coast live oak seedling survival, 231, 237–238, 239seedling establishment, 213–223See also screen cages; traps; tree shelters

Heteromeles arbutifolia. See toyonholly oak

root biomass, 86–87tree volume equations for, 465–478

Hooker’s manzanita, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513Hoopa Tribal Council, 47Hoopa Valley Tribe, special forest product production, 640–641Horkelia cuneata spp. sericea. See Kellogg’s horkeliahouse counts of dusky-footed woodrat, 373–380hybridization

among evergreen oaks, 127–133between and within local blue oak populations, 109–115See also genetic variation

hypoxia stresseffect on Phytophthora cinnamomi infection of cork oak roots, 553–558seedling responses to, 91–99

IIHRMP. See Integrated Hardwood Range Management Programindividual tree model, and blue oak stand structure dynamics, 169–176Inimim Forest - Yuba River Watershed, BLM oak woodland protection area, 42Inonotus andersonii (canker-rot), CODA report on, 545–546insects

California spotted owl diet, 683–687CODA database, 543–552counts of mites and insects in CODA database, 548screens to control, 215, 218–219See also arthropods

Integrated Hardwood Range Management Programeducational outreach programs, 573–574education and research activities of, 569–581importance of, 19, 20landowner response to educational efforts of, 626–630local policy initiatives, 576–577program goals, evolution of, 571publications, 528research studies, 572–573starting of, 3trends in hardwood rangelands, 575–576

intercropping, competitive effects of alfalfa on valley oak seedlings, 651–656interior live oak

damaging agents in CODA database, 547geographic distribution, 129growth rings, 664–666hybridization among evergreen oaks, 127–133

interior live oak woodlandsCalifornia spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198point counts of birds, design recommendations, 431–439prescribed burning project (1987-1995), 671–678volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446

inventory of oaksagencies that conduct, 61 continued


Index

historical inventory, 46loss per year, 18on National Forest lands, 45problems of inventorying, 61–63statewide, 3, 4techniques used, 61–63

inventory of urban forests, tree volume equations for, 465–478irrigation

coast live oak planting, 253–254coast live oak regeneration, 231–242valley oak restoration project, 291, 294, 295See also hypoxia stress

island scrub oak. See Santa Cruz Island scrub oak

Jjacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia), tree volume equations for, 465–478Japanese zelkova, tree volume equations for, 465–478jays. See Steller’s jaysJuglans californica, 697

KKellogg’s horkelia, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513Kern County, blue oak regeneration in, 177–181King Range National Conversation Area, BLM oak woodland protection area, 41

Llace lichen (Ramalina menziesii), 75–82Lake Tahoe Basin, property values and oak tree and stand condition, 613–621land ownership

changes from 1985 to 1992, 626–630in oak woodlands and coniferous forest in southwest California, 403parcelization of rural land, 595–596private ownership relative to National Forest lands in southern California, 407socioeconomic factors and attitudes toward oak resources, 699

landscape ecology, 534landscape fabric, as mulch for valley oak seedlings, 301–311land-use patterns

southern California ecoregion, 405–406species’ specific life history requirements and, 406–407

licensing. See professional certification and licensinglichens, nutrient cycling of a blue oak woodland, 75–82lightning fires, 196

See also fireLiquidambar styraciflua. See American sweet gumLithocarpus densiflorus. See tanoaklive oak. See canyon live oak; coast live oak; interior live oaklivestock grazing

acorn toxicity and cattle, 14–15bird communities in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 381–390blue oak sapling recruitment, 157–167blue oak saplings and, 154blue oak saplings and cattle grazing, 313–320blue oak understory composition, 183–184CRP oak regeneration study, 661–663erosion of intermittent streams, 331–337ground squirrels and, 327–329high-intensity, short-duration grazing, 313–320intensity and timing and intermittent stream erosion, 331–337oak bud poisoning of cattle, 15pathogens and water supply contamination, 340

continued

inventory of oaks (continued)


Index

red-tailed hawk habitat, 371seedling growth and, 135–145supplemental feeding sites and increase in rangeland RDM, 347–350timing of grazing, 313–320traditional, moderate grazing, 313–320understory and, 187valley oak seedling survival and growth, 301–311water quality in a riparian habitat, 339–346See also forage management; tree shelters

London plane, tree volume equations for, 465–478Los Angeles County

coast live oak mitigation planting success, 251–256coast live oak transplantation, 257–266

Los Vaqueros Reservoir Project, valley oak mitigation, 583–591low oxygen stress. See hypoxia stresslumber

California black oak volume and value recovery data, 457–464California demand for, 445California hardwood industry profile, 631–635drying, 451–453harvesting of, 450manufacturing considerations, 449–453milling, 451See also niche markets; timber industry; wood products

MMadera County

bird communities in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 381–390blue oak regeneration in, 177–181grazing and erosion of intermittent streams, 331–337supplemental feeding sites for cattle and increase in rangeland RDM, 347–350

Magnolia grandiflora. See southern magnoliamammals

California spotted owl diet, 683–687problems assessing presence and abundance of small nocturnal mammals, 373–380small mammal richness, numbers, and habitat relationships in coastal oak woodland, 394–395wood cutting and impact on habitat in blue oak woodlands, 411–422See also specific mammal names

management methodsactive management, 588–589adaptive management, 534mathematical policy model, 603–612natural management, 588nonpoint source management plan for hardwood rangeland, 696–697uncertainty problems, 604–610See also conservation strategies; ecosystem management; planning strategies

map compilationsGIS technology and potential hardwood loss, 491–497hardwood rangeland mapping, 575of National Forest lands in California, 45southern California ecoregion, 405See also spatial modeling and analysis

marketsfor woodland hardwoods, 447See also niche markets

mathematical policy model of oak woodlands, 603–612meadow voles

threat to seedling establishment, 220, 221See also voles

mean fire intervals (MFI), fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198Medicago sativa. See alfalfaMendocino County

blue oak seedling adaptation patterns, 109–115seedling establishment by artificial regeneration, 213–223

miceproblems assessing presence and abundance of, 373–380

livestock grazing (continued)

continued


Index

See also rodentsmilling. See sawmillsmineral accumulation, blue oak genetic variation in, 117–125mites

counts of mites and insects in CODA database, 548See also arthropods

mitigation planningcoast live oak planting success, 251–256removal of downed woody material, 428valley oak mitigation for reservoir project, 583–591

Miwoks, fires used to maintain California black oak habitat, 281Modesto ash, tree volume equations for, 465–478moisture stress

coast live oak regeneration, 231–242stomatal conductance in blue oak and water stress, 694See also drought

Monterey CountyCRP oak regeneration study, 661–663hardwood management by, 24lichens and nutrient cycling in blue oak woodland, 75–82oak regeneration on a cattle ranch, 695–696red-tailed hawk nest site characteristics in, 365–372shade and clipping effects on seedlings, 135–145vertebrate abundance and habitat associations in oak woodlands, 391–400

Monterey cypress, tree volume equations for, 465–478Monterey pine, tree volume equations for, 465–478Monterey spineflower, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513mulching

coast live oak regeneration, 231–242valley oak seedling growth and survival, 301–311

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology survey methods, 533–534mushrooms, as a special forest product, 639–640MVZ Survey Methods, 533–534mycorrhizal infection and seedling growth, 692

NNapa County, valley oak seedling growth and survival, 301–311Native Californians

acorn crop failure and economy of, 107acorns and cultural traditions of, 46fire practices of, 191–192, 281, 692Hoopa Tribal Council, 47oak resource management by, 4prescribed burning and oak woodlands, 692special forest product production, 640–641

native soils and Engelmann oak seedling growth, 657–660Natural Diversity Database (NDDB), 407natural management, 588Natural Resources Conservation Service, watershed approach to ecosystem-based planning, 49–50Nature Conservancy (TNC)

alfalfa intercropping at Kopta Slough Preserve, 651–656valley oak restoration project on Sacramento River, 289–295

NDDB (Natural Diversity Database), 407Neotoma fuscipes. See dusky-footed woodratsnest characteristics

California spotted owl in southern Sierra Nevada, 355–364in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 381–390red-tailed hawks in central California oak woodlands, 365–372

Nevada County, hardwood management by, 23–24niche markets

for hardwoods, 447special forest products, 636–641See also lumber

mice (continued)


Index

nitrate concentrations, livestock grazing and water quality, 342nonpoint source management plan for hardwood rangeland, 696–697northern oak. See Oregon white oakNorthern Sacramento Valley Sustainable Landscapes Project (SLP), 491–497northern spotted owl, habitat protection by timber company, 22NRCS. See Natural Resources Conservation Servicenutrient cycling, lichens and a blue oak woodland, 75–82nutrients, foliar accumulation in blue oak, 122–124

Ooak bud poisoning of cattle, 15Oak Tree Ordinance (Los Angeles County), 251–256Oak Tree Protection Ordinance (Calabasas), 257Orange County, native soils and Engelmann oak seedling growth, 657–660orchids, cork oak prunings as growing media for, 480ordinance approach

to hardwood management, 24Oak Tree Ordinance (Los Angeles County), 251–256Oak Tree Protection Ordinance (Calabasas), 257trends in California, 577See also regulation

Oregon white oak (Q. garryana)damaging agents in CODA database, 547physical and mechanical properties of, 450volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446wine barrels made from, 448See also Garry oak (Q. garryana)

Oregon white oak woodland, control of Douglas-fir invasion in, 275–279ownership. See land ownershipoxygen

cork oak roots and the effect of hypoxia on Phytophthora cinnamomi infection, 553–558seedling responses to hypoxia, 91–99

PPacific Gas and Electric Co., Vegetation Management Program, 698Pacific Northwest Station, oak inventory responsibilities of, 61, 575Pacific Southwest Research Station

oak inventory responsibilities of, 61oaks within, 45–47

parcelization of rural land, 595–596particle-based products, as a special forest product, 637pathogens, and cattle grazing, 340Peromyscus boylii. See brush micePeromyscus californicus. See California micePG&E Vegetation Management Program, 698phenology, blue oak genetic variation in, 117–125Phytophthora cinnamomi

effect on cork oaks in Portugal, 481hypoxia and infection of cork oak roots, 553–558

Pinus ponderosa. See ponderosa pinePinus radiata. See Monterey pinePinus sabiniana. See foothill pinepipeline project. See water pipeline to Santa BarbaraPistacia chinensis. See Chinese pistachePlacer County, property values and oak tree and stand condition, 613–621planning strategies

coordinated resource management and planning (CRMP), 534–535elements of an oak tree retention program, 523–525elements of planning and resource management, 522–523urban development and oak woodlands, 521–522 continued


Index

See also conservation strategies; management methodsplant competition control. See weed controlplants (forest botanicals), as a special forest product, 637–638Platanus acerifolia. See London planePlatanus racemosa. See sycamorepocket gophers

coast live oak seedling survival and, 237, 238, 239threat to seedling regeneration, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221weed control to reduce impact of, 291See also rodents

point counts of birdsdesign recommendations for, 431–439See also counting of birds

political agendas, environmental issues and, 29–30ponderosa pine

California spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198

population of CaliforniaEl Dorado and Placer Counties, 613growth in Sierra Nevada foothills, 593growth patterns throughout the state, 705integral to ecosystem management, 7–8value conflicts growing within, 703–709

population survey techniquesCEQA requirements are lax, 530–531standardization recommended, 533–534See also counting of birds

precipitation. See rainfallprescribed burning

to control Douglas-fir invasion, 275–279effect on interior live oak, blue oak, and valley oak, 671–678oak woodlands and American Indians, 692

private land ownership. See land ownershipprofessional certification and licensing, 531–532property values, contribution of tree and stand condition to, 613–621pruning

blue oak resprouts to enhance growth, 667–670clipping effects on seedlings, 135–145coast live oak crown pruning, 252–253

Pseudotsuga menziesii. See Douglas-fir forest

QQuercus agrifolia. See coast live oakQuercus chrysolepis. See canyon live oakQuercus douglasii. See blue oakQuercus emoryi. See Emory oakQuercus engelmannii. See Engelmann oakQuercus garryana. See Garry oak; Oregon white oakQuercus ilex. See holly oakQuercus kelloggii. See California black oakQuercus lobata. See valley oakQuercus parvula. See Santa Cruz Island scrub oakQuercus robur, root biomass, 86–87Quercus suber. See cork oakQuercus wislizenii. See interior live oak

Rrainfall

blue oak canopy and forage production, 321–326blue oak seedling growth, 178See also drought

planning strategies (continued)


Index

Ramalina menziesii (lace lichen), 75–82Rarefind, 533RDM. See residual dry matter (RDM)reciprocal transplant experiments, blue oak seedlings, 109–115recruitment

blue oak saplings, factors affecting, 157–167blue oak sapling status, 147–155See also regeneration

red-tailed hawk, nest site characteristics in central California oak woodlands, 365–372redwood forest. See coast redwood forestregeneration

acorn collection and planting without irrigation, 679–682blue oak sapling recruitment inadequate, 147–155blue oaks in southern Sierra foothills, 177–181on a cattle ranch, 695–696coast live oak regeneration techniques, 231–242coast live oak survival and growth success, 251–256CRP oak regeneration study, 661–663herbivory control and seedling establishment, 213–223native soils and Engelmann oak seedling growth, 657–660seedling and sapling mortality and growth rates of coast live oak and Engelmann oak, 642–645weed control and seedling establishment, 213–223, 243–250wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564See also saplings; screen cages; seedlings; tree shelters

regulationCalifornia issues, 530data collection discouraged by some, 531landowners fear of, 62need for, 28not needed, 53See also ordinance approach

removal of trees. See wood cuttingreptiles

richness, numbers, and habitat relationships in coastal oak woodland, 397–398wood cutting and impact on habitat in blue oak woodlands, 411–422

researchcurrent state of oak woodland research, 608proposals for oak woodlands, 55–56

reservoirs, valley oak mitigation and reservoir project, 583–591residual dry matter (RDM)

increasing by use of supplemental feeding sites for cattle, 347–350livestock grazing methods and, 313–320

resprouts, pruning to enhance growth, 667–670restoration projects

artificial regeneration of blue oak and valley oak seedlings, 213–223blue oak seedlings and habitat restoration, 144–145California black oaks in Yosemite Valley, 281–289California walnut woodlands, 697coast live oak seedlings and habitat restoration, 144coast live oaks in Los Angeles County, 251–256Douglas-fir invasion of northern oak woodland, 275–279Emory oak in Arizona, 225–230rehabilitation of a blue oak project, 267–273restoration success vs. implementation success, 294transplantation of mature coast live oaks, 257–266valley oaks along Sacramento River, 289–295

“Right to Farm” ordinances, 597riparian habitat

California spotted owl nest sites in southern Sierra foothills, 355–364golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513livestock grazing and water quality, 339–346supplemental feeding sites for cattle and increase in rangeland RDM, 347–350valley oak restoration along Sacramento River, 289–295

rodentscontrol in Los Angeles County, 255planting away from colonies of, 309–310problems assessing presence and abundance of, 373–380 continued


Index

threat to seedling establishment, 220, 221See also ground squirrels; mammals; pocket gophers; voles

root morphologyblue oak root biomass study, 83–89seedlings and low oxygen stress, 91–99transplanted coast live oaks, 257–266

root rot. See Phytophthora cinnamomiRural Community Assistance Program, 47

SSacramento River, valley oak riparian forest restoration, 289–295salamanders, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513San Andreas coastal live oak woodland. See coast live oak woodlandsSan Benito County, downed woody material of blue, valley, and coast live oaks, 423–430San Bernardino County, interior live oak growth rings, 664–666San Diego County, seedling and sapling mortality and growth rates of coast live oak and Engelmannoak, 642–645San Luis Obispo County

CRP oak regeneration study, 661–663downed woody material of blue, valley, and coast live oaks, 423–430landowner survey, 699red-tailed hawk nest site characteristics in, 365–372regeneration techniques for coast live oak, 231–242seedling establishment by artificial regeneration, 213–223soil characteristics of blue oak and coast live oak ecosystems, 65–73vertebrate abundance and habitat associations in oak woodlands, 391–400

San Mateo County, wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564Santa Barbara County

downed woody material of blue, valley, and coast live oaks, 423–430Master Environmental Assessment, 528

Santa Cruz CountyConservation Plan for golf course development, 499–513tanoak control in uneven-aged redwood forest, 199–208

Santa Cruz Island scrub oak, hybridization among evergreen oaks, 127–133Santa Cruz long-toed salamander, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 49–513saplings

blue oak recruitment and regeneration status, 147–155blue oak recruitment, factors affecting, 157–167fire effect on coast live oak and Engelmann oak, 642–645See also regeneration

savannas, understory-canopy relationships, 183–190sawmills

California hardwood industry profile, 631–635milling considerations for hardwoods, 451portable sawmill proves to be efficient, 457–464wood types processed by, 447

screen cagesblue oak seedling growth and survival, 243–250cost and maintenance, 309herbivory control by, 213–223poultry wire cages, 254, 255steel mesh and California black oak seedlings, 283, 287Vaca cage performance, 308valley oak seedling growth and survival, 301–311

seedlingsadaptation patterns and processes in blue oak, 109–115blue oak failure to develop into pole or mature trees, 178–180California black oak restoration project, 281–289competitive effects of alfalfa on valley oak seedlings, 651–656emergence rates of acorns dispersed by Steller’s jays, 648–650Emory oak germination, 225–230fire and coast live oak and Engelmann oak seedlings, 642–645herbivory control for regeneration, 213–223mycorrhizal infection and seedling growth, 692

continued

rodents (continued)


Index

protectors and weed control for blue oaks, 243–250retrofitting survivors with tree shelters, 269, 270, 271–272rooting and low oxygen stress, 91–99shade and clipping effects on, 135–145survival rates and regeneration techniques, 231–242weed control for regeneration, 213–223See also regeneration

seed source acquisition rules, blue oaks, 117–125Sequoia National Park, California spotted owl nest sites in, 355–364Sequoia sempervirens. See coast redwood forestShasta County

blue oak wood cutting and impact on wildlife habitat, 411–422firewood harvesting in, 575

sheepgrazing and sapling recruitment, 161See also livestock grazing

Sherman traps, 373–380shigometer, for monitoring fire injury, 646–647shoot growth, blue oak genetic variation in, 117–125Sierra Nevada foothills (northern)

blue oak and genetic variation, 117–125blue oak woody root biomass, 83–89

Sierra Nevada foothills (southern)blue oak regeneration in, 177–181California spotted owl nest sites in, 355–364

Sierra Nevada National Forest, California spotted owl nest sites in, 355–364size of tree

and red-tailed hawk nest sites, 365–372See also height

SLP. See Northern Sacramento Valley Sustainable Landscapes Project (SLP)soil characteristics

blue oak and coast live oak ecosystems, 65–73blue oak sapling recruitment, 162–163, 165canopy with/without lichens, 75–82in common garden experiment, 119, 120cork oaks and, 482low oxygen stress and seedling rooting, 91–99native soils and Engelmann oak seedling growth, 657–660soil bulk density and cattle grazing methods, 313–320valley oak restoration, 292–294

Soil Conservation Service. See Natural Resources Conservation Servicesoil fungus. See damaging agents; Phytophthora cinnamomisoil water potential and root activity, 693Solano County

valley oak seedling growth and survival, 301–311wildlife evaluation methods and subdivision EIRs, 527–537

Sonoma Countycontrol of Douglas-fir invasion, 275–279hardwood management by, 24valley oak seedling growth and survival, 301–311

southern California, conservation strategy for forests and woodlands, 401–410southern magnolia, tree volume equations for, 465–478Southwestern California Ecoregion Planning Group (SWEPG), 401spatial modeling and analysis

to assess potential hardwood loss, 491–497of landscape patterns, 401–410See also map compilations

special forest products, 636–641speculation and high land values, 595–596Spermophilus beecheyi. See ground squirrelsspot-mapping censuses

bird communities in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 381–390birds in central coastal oak woodlands, 393, 396–397See also counting of birds

spotted owl. See California spotted owl; northern spotted owl

seedlings (continued)


Index

springs, livestock grazing and water quality, 339–346sprouts. See resproutssquirrels. See ground squirrelsstarling. See European starlingstate government

budget lacking for oak protection, 28, 34downsizing of state agencies and lack of funding, 44role of, 19–20

statistical power, optimizing for point counts of birds, 431–439Steller’s jays, acorn dispersal by, 648–650streams, livestock grazing and erosion, 331–337Strix occidentalis occidentalis. See California spotted owlsubdivisions

in Central Sierra Nevada rangeland, 593–602impact evaluation methods need improvement, 527–537See also urbanization

Sunshine Canyon Landfill, 251–256survey techniques. See population survey techniquessycamore, California spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364synchrony in oak growth and reproduction, 101–108

Ttannic acid

in acorns and consumption by squirrels, 220acorns and toxicity, 14–15oak bud poisoning, 15

tanoak, herbicides to control in uneven-aged redwood forest, 199–208taxes

conservation easements and estate tax relief, 33–34estate taxes and ranchland, 599

Tehama Countyblue oak wood cutting and impact on wildlife habitat, 411–422firewood harvesting in, 575pruning blue oak resprouts to enhance growth, 667–670voluntary oak/hardwood management guidelines developed by, 13, 23

threatened statusEngelmann oak, 4landowner’s fear of, 62valley oak, 4See also endangered species

timber industryhardwoods vs. conifers, 21–22nontimber, special forest products, 636–641See also lumber

TNC. See Nature ConservancyTomahawk traps, 373–380toyon, fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198transplantation

alternative techniques, 264cost of, 265mature coast live oaks, 257–266See also reciprocal transplant experiments

trapsproblems with live-trapping of small nocturnal mammals, 373–380techniques used for small mammals, 392–393

tree height. See heighttree removal. See wood cuttingtree retention program, elements of, 523–525tree-ring data, 104, 106, 107

interior live oak growth rings, 664–666tree shelters

blue oak restoration project, 267–273continued


Index

blue oak seedling growth and survival, 243–250California black oak seedling restoration project, 283–287coast live oak regeneration, 231–242cost of, 272direct seeding of acorns and, 679, 693retrofitting surviving seedlings with, 269, 270, 271–272

tree volume equations for urban trees, 465–478tribal communities. See Native Californianstriclopyr, for tanoak control, 201–206Tulare County, blue oak regeneration in, 177–181Tuolumne County

California black oak restoration project, 281–289hardwood management by, 23–24Wildlife Project, 528

turbidity, livestock grazing and water quality, 342

UUlmus parvifolia chinensis. See Chinese elmunderstory

in oak woodlands and savannas, 183–190vegetation in California black oak restoration area, 282–283, 284–285

uneven-aged forest management, tanoak control with herbicides, 199–208Urban Forest Utilization project, goals of, 465–466urbanization

California trends, 703–709cost of sprawl, 36–37development management planning strategies, 521–526GIS technology to assess potential hardwood loss, 491–497golf course Conservation Plan, 499–513loss of oak woodlands to development, 18, 521, 698–699new town development, 31property values and oak tree and stand condition, 613–621red-tailed hawk tolerance of, 371reservoir project and valley oaks, 583–591“Right to Farm” ordinances, 597sale or subdivision of rangeland, 593–602speculation and high land values, 595–596subdivision impact evaluation methods need improvement, 527–537tree volume equations for 10 urban species, 465–478valley oak survival and vigor in urban development sites, 515–519Vegetation Management Program (PG&E), 698wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564See also management methods; restoration projects

USDA Forest Service. See Pacific Northwest Station; Pacific Southwest Research StationUSDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. See Natural Resources Conservation Service

VVaca cages. See screen cagesvalley oak

acorn production patterns, 101–108alfalfa intercropping with seedlings, 651–656California spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364CRP oak regeneration study, 661–663cultural inputs and seedling survival and growth, 301–311damaging agents in CODA database, 547downed woody material and, 423–430fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198lumber suppliers of, 634mills that process, 633mitigation planning for reservoir project, 583–591mycorrhizal infection and seedling growth, 692physical and mechanical properties of, 450prescribed burning project (1987-1995), 671–678red-tailed hawk nest site characteristics in, 365–372

tree shelters (continued)

continued


Index

restoration project on Sacramento River, 289–295seedling establishment by artificial regeneration, 213–223seedling rooting and low oxygen stress, 91–99survival and vigor related to urban development, 515–519threatened status, 4tree shelters and direct seeding, 693volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564wine barrels made from, 448

values of oak woodlandshabitat quality index (HQI) for valuation, 585–586landowner attitudes toward, 626–630regional approach necessary, 17–18value contribution of tree and stand condition to property values, 613–621

Vegetation Management Program (PG&E), 698Ventura County, valley oak survival and vigor related to urban development, 515–519vertebrates

abundance and habitat associations in central coast oak woodlands, 391–400See also specific vertebrate names

video recording, and wildlife population surveys, 534vigor rating scales

for coast live oak transplant study, 258valley oak monitoring program, 516

volesdamage caused by in blue oak restoration project, 268, 270, 271hay mulch used for nesting, 309meadow voles as threat to seedling establishment, 220, 221weed control to eliminate, 291See also rodents

voluntary ordinancesfor hardwood management, 13, 23See also ordinance approach

Wwalnut woodland restoration, 697water pipeline to Santa Barbara, 28, 30, 31–31, 703watershed approach to ecosystem-based planning, 49–50watershed issues

grazing and erosion of intermittent streams, 331–337water quality and livestock grazing, 339–346

water stress. See moisture stressweather patterns, and acorn production, 101, 107weed control

blue oak restoration project, 267–273blue oak seedling growth and survival, 243–250competitive effects of alfalfa on valley oak seedlings, 651–656seedling establishment, 213–223valley oak restoration project, 291, 294–295See also herbicides

wetlands, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513white oak. See Oregon white oak; valley oakWHR. See California Wildlife Habitat Relationships databaseWild Earth Project, 528wildfire. See firewildlife

improved methods to evaluate subdivision impact on, 527–537oak habitat for, 43recommended working definition of, 534

Williamson Act, 599–600wine barrels, 448wood cutting

to control Douglas-fir invasion of oak woodland, 275–279impact on wildlife habitat in blue oak woodlands, 411–422

continued

valley oak (continued)


Index

and population trends of bird species, 431–439recommendation to mitigate removal of downed woody material, 428See also firewood

woodpeckers, acorn and Nuttall’s woodpeckers as keystone species, 396wood products

California black oaks for high-value lumber products, 457–464cork production in California, 479–484manufacturing considerations, 449–453oak woodlands as resource for higher-value products, 445–455special forest products, 636–641wood properties for various products, 448–449See also lumber

woody debris. See downed woody materialwoody root biomass, of blue oaks, 83–89wreaths, as a special forest product, 638

YYosemite Valley, California black oak restoration project, 281–289Yuba County

blue oak canopy and forage production, 321–326blue oak restoration project, 267–273blue oak seedling adaptation patterns, 109–115blue oak survival and effects of seedling protectors and weed control, 243–250livestock grazing and water quality, 339–346point counts of birds, design recommendations, 431–439seedling establishment by artificial regeneration, 213–223

ZZelkova serrata. See Japanese zelkova

wood cutting (continued)

author index - fs.fed.us...annadel state park, control of douglas-fir invasion, 275–279...

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