-A-Abell, S. K., 278; 281; 283

Abrougui, M., 9

Acampo, J., 51; 54

Ahlgren, A., 186; 192

Aikenhead, G., 307; 308

Albanese, A, 98; 101

Alita, B. E., 73; 80

Alters, B. J., 238; 245

Amsel, E., 196; 202

Andersen, A. M., 272; 274

Anderson, L. W., 43; 48

Anderson, T. H., 192

Andersson, B., 57; 62; 63

Andre, T., 138; 140

Archenbold, W. F., 71

Armbruster, B. B., 192

Arzi, H., 25; 28

Astolfi, 1. P., 20; 22

Athanasiou, K., 10

Atkin, 1. M., 235

Atwater, M. M., 73; 80

Ausubel, D. P., 24; 28

Ayas, A, 51; 54

-B-Bach, F., 62; 63

Bachelard, G., 20; 22

Baird, J. R., 81; 86

Bandiera, M., 175; 176; 255

Bar, Y., 163

Barrows, H. S., 259; 261

Barton, J., 51; 55

Bayrhuber, H., 7; 10; 13; 48

Bebnarz, N., 22

Author Index

305

Bechtel, W., 34; 38

Beck, M., 80

Becu-RobinauIt, K., 176

Bell, B., 282; 283

Ben-Chaim, D., 187; 188; 193

Bennetts, J., 202

Ben-Peretz, M., 190; 192

Ben-Zvi, R., 90; 95

Berck, K. H., 13

Bereiter, C., 178; 179; 183

Berg, E., 115

Berlinguer, L., 177

Bernardini, C., 98; 101

Bertin, 1., 17; 22

Bezzi, A, 163

Biehler, R., 292

Biggs, 1., 83; 86

Binder, B., 147

Black, P., 235

Blanco, L. J., 277; 278; 283; 295; 299;

302

Boekaerts, M., 259; 261

Boersma, K., 48

Bogeholz, S., 13

Bol, L., 186; 192

Bonato, M., 13

Borgman, C. L., 183

Borko, H., 302

Boschhuizen, R., 10

Boscolo, P., 179; 183

Boyle, R. A, 86; 87; 147

Bradbume, J., 18; 21; 22

Breiting, S., 267; 268; 269; 270; 272;

273;274;275

Bretz, R. L., 52; 55

Briano, R., 159; 163

Brinkman, F., 10; 48; 292

306

Britton, B., 73; 76; 80

Brousseau, G., 20; 22

Brown, A. L., 81; 86; 124; 130

Brown, J. S., 31; 38

Bryce, T. G. K., 196; 202

Burger, J., 10 Burns, R. B., 43; 48

Butterworth, G., 196; 202

Buty, C., 176; 207; 208

-c-Cachapuz, A. F. C., 53; 55

Calhoun, K., 164

Campbell, D., 125; 130

Camusso, c., 55

Canal, P., 163

Caravita, S., 177

Carey, L., 183

Carnot, S., 219; 220

Carretero, M., 183

Cebreiro, B., 284

Christensen, C. U., 272; 274

Cini, M., 219

Clancey, W. J., 211; 217

Clark, C. M., 190; 192

Clarke, A., 280; 283

Clarkson, S. G., 248; 252

Clement, P., 9; 10; 16; 17; 19; 21; 22

Closset, J. L., 109

Cluff, C. L., 52; 54

Cobai, D., 102

Colazingari, M., 177

Coles, M. C., 249; 253

Collins, A., 31; 38

Connolly, P., 178; 183

Conway, P. F., 190; 192

Cook, T., 125; 130

Coulby, D., 232; 235

Crowley, K., 211; 217

-D-

Danhoni Neves, M.C., 101

Davies, P., 86

de Bueger-Vander Borght, c., 9

De Gennes, P. G., 100; 101

de Jong, 0., 51; 53; 54

de Vos, W., 53; 54

Demirbas, A., 54

Dewey, 1., 123; 130

Diaz de Bustamante, 1., 10; 31; 38

Diaz, 1., 34; 37

Dierks, W., 74; 80

Dimmock, C., 233; 235

Donoghue, T., 235

Dorf, H., 274

Dori, Y. 1., 52; 56; 186; 193

Driver, R., 10; 24; 28; 29; 71; 163; 167;

175;286

Duguid, P., 31; 38

Duit, R., 8; 25; 28; 57; 64; 73; 80; 87;

113; 114; 120;217

Duncker, K., 123; 130

Dupin, J. J., 136; 139

Dupre, F., 175

Durandeau, J. P., 109 Duschl, R. A., 31; 176

Duveen, J., 235

-E-Ebenezer, 1. V., 76; 80

education I

Edwards, 1., 83; 86

English, L. D., 81

Ennis, R. H., 186; 192

Erickson, F., 82; 86

Erickson, G. L., 76; 80; 139

Erickson, L. J., 139

Evangelinos, D., 207; 208

Evrard, Th., 9

Eylon, B. S., 95

-F-Fensham, P., 275 Ferichs, V., 9; 10

Fernandez, M., 176 Finke, E., 13 Fischer, H., 176 Fisseux, C., 16 Flavell,1. H., 124; 130

Fleer, M., 80 Flower, L., 179; 183 Foley, L., 73; 80

Foppa, K., 80 Fraser, B. J., 28; 83; 87; 175; 209; 302

Fritze, P., 51; 55 Furi6, C., 280; 283; 298; 302

-G-

Gabel, D. L., 284 Gago, J. M., 230; 235 Gallagher, A L., 183

Gallagher,1. J., 244

Gallard, A 1., 284

Gar~ia, 1. L., 163 Gamer, J. L., 52; 54

Gamier, C., 22 Geban, 0., 51; 56 Gebhardt, C., 13

Gehlhaar, K. H., 13 GeiBner, H., 74; 80 Gentner, D., 120 Gerhardt, A, 10 Gertzog, W., 147

Giere, R., 99; 101

Gil, D., 283; 298; 302

Gilbert, J. K., 282; 283 Gil-Perez, D., 237; 245

Giordan, A, 9; 22; 163

Girardet, H., 32; 38

Girault, Y., 22

Glaser, R., 87 Glynn, S. M., 73; 76; 80

Goedhart, M. 1., 65; 68; 70; 71

Goldberg, F., 87 Gonzalez, T., 283; 284 Gowin, D. B., 135; 139 Gramm, A, 73;80 Grant, H., 51; 55

Graubard, S., 228; 235 Greenbowe, T. J., 52; 55 Grimellini, N., 278; 283 Grob, K., 141 Groner, R., 80 Gropengiesser, H., 8; 9; 10 Guba, E. G., 82; 87

Guesne, E. T., 163

Guichard, 1., 18; 22

Guillon, A., 208; 209

307

Gunstone, R. F., 25; 29; 81; 85; 87; 298;

302 Gustafson, B. 1., 277; 283 Gutierrez, R., 98; 101

-H-Haidar, A H., 51; 54

H6konsson, E., 272; 274; 275

Haller, K., 176; 209

Hamilton, R. 1., 176 Hammelev, D., 176 Hanesian, H., 24; 28

Hansen, L. D., 52; 54 Hardy, T., 283 Hlirtel, H., 142; 147 HAussler, P., 142; 147 Hayes, 1. R., 179; 183 Hedegaard, K., 268; 269; 271; 273; 274;

275 Heimerich, R., 13

Hellden, G., 10; 23; 29

Helmke, A, 142; 147

Hermansen, M., 274; 275

Hesse, M., 13

Hewson, P. W., 147; 298; 302

Hildebrand, G., 139

Hirsh, S. G., 183

308

Hirvonen, P. E., 89; 245

Hodson, D., 248; 253

Holm, F., 58; 63

Holton, G., 234; 235

Hood, B. J., 51; 54

Hribar, M., 102

Hubendick, B., 59; 64

Hucke, L., 176; 209

Huibregtse, 1., 277; 284

Huis, c., 115

Hynen, D. M., 9

Idol, L. 87

IIIner, R., 9; 10

-1-

imsen, G., 134; 135; 138; 139

ioannidis, G., 289; 292

-J-laniuk, R M., 49; 51; 54

lanniche, P. M., 267; 268; 275

Jensen, B. B., 268; 274; 275

Jensen, K., 275

limenez-Aleixandre, M. P., 10; 34; 37; 38

Johnson, D., 259; 261

Johnson, R., 259; 261

Johsua, S., 136; 139

Jones, 8. F., 87

Jones, C., 232; 235

Joreskog, K. G., 143; 147

Journeaux, R, 71

-K-Kagan, D., 279; 284

Kahle,1. B., 134; 139

Kariotoglou, P., 176

Karplus, R, 63; 64

Kattmann, U., 8; 9; 10

Keeves, J. P., 87

Keiny, S., 190; 192; 193

Keller, G., 147

Kelly,E. A., 287; 292

Kempa, R F., 282; 284

Kesidou, S., 114; 120

Kight, C., 73; 80

Kirkwood, V., 283

Kjaemsli, M., 138; 139

Klaassen, C. W. J. M., 77; 80

Klauer, K. 1., 141; 147

Klee, R., 13

Klepel, G., 13

Kluwe, R H., 73; 80; 130

Korthagen, F., 284

Kortland, K., 48

Koulaidis, V., 53; 55; 238; 245

Koumaras, P., 176

Krajcik, 1. S., 77; 80

Kudahl, H., 176

Kuhn, D., 196; 202

-L-

Larcher, C., 71

Larkin, 1. H., 115; 120

Larsen, O. B., 275

Latour, 8., 37; 38

Lawson, A. E., 143; 147

Lawson, C., 63; 64

Layton, D., 190; 192

Le Marechal, 1. F., 176; 209

Leach, J., 10; 24; 29; 169; 173; 175; 176

Lederman, N. G., 237; 245

Lemke, J., 31; 38

Lesh, R., 287; 292

Levin, T., 138; 139

Lewis, J., 10; 176

Li, T.,54

Libman, Z., 138; 139

Licht, P., 286; 292

Lie, S., 138; 139 Light, P., 202

Lijnse, P. L., 77; 80

Lincoln, Y. S., 82; 87

Linjse, P., 235

Linn, R. L., 186; 192 Lipson, M. Y., 82; 87 Liu, X., 54 Lock, R, 9

Lockard,1. D., 302 Lorenz, E., 221

Lowrey, K. A, 52; 55

Lubezky, A, 52; 56; 186; 193

Lucas, AM., 37

Luchner, K., 102 Lunetta, V. L., 167; 175; 205; 209

Liitken, H., 274 Lutz, B., 175

-M-Macdonald, I., 82; 87

MacGregor, 1., 196; 202

MacMillan, P. C., 284

Mansfield, H., 25; 28

Manzanares, M., 163

Marcelo, C., 280; 283; 284; 298; 302

Maroto, B., 51; 55 Martinand, J. L., 21; 22; 163

Martin-Diaz, M. J., 282; 284

Marx, R. W., 86; 87; 147 Maskill, R, 52; 53; 55 Massa, B., 157; 163 Matthews, M. R, 237; 245

Maurines, L., 103; \09

Mayer, 1., 7; 13

McCall, 1., 196; 202 McCarthy, S., 235

McClean, M., 229; 235

McConney, A, 188; 191; 193

McIntrosh, W. 1., 186; 192

McIntyre, R., 250; 253

McNaught, C., 51; 55

McRobbie, C. J., 81

McTigue, P., 51; 55

Meester, M. AM., 52; 55

Mellado, V., 277; 278; 279; 283; 284;

295;296;299;302

Merrian, S. B., 204; 209 Merton, R., 229; 235 Metzger, Ch., 142; 147 Michelini, m., 97; 102 Millar, R, 169; 171; 175; 206; 209 Mintzes, 1. 1., 284

Mitchell, R C., 52; 55

Mogensen, F., 268; 269; 274; 275

Molohides, N., 176

Mondlane, E., 113

Montero, M. L., 284; 302 Moore, C. M., 42; 43; 48

Mosunda, D. B., 25; 29 Motta, D., 9

Mottet, G., 17; 22

Munih, M., 102

Mutimucuio, I. V., 113; 120

-N-Nakhle, M. B., 186; 193

Nakhleh, M. B., 52; 55; 56; 186

Neale, D. C., 278; 284 Neto, A J., 123; 126; 130

Niaz, M., 52; 55

309

Niedderer, H., 87; 169; 170; 174; 175; 176;203;207;208;209

Nielsen, K., 268; 269; 274; 275 Nielsen, V. 0., 274; 275 Nisimov, S. U., 89; 245

Nordmeyer, F. R., 52; 54 Norris, S. P., 173; 176

Northfield, 1. R, 81; 86; 298; 302

Nott, M., 238; 245; 303; 304; 308

Novak, 1. D., 24; 25; 28; 29; 52; 55; 135;

139; 284

Nurrenbern, S. C., 53; 55

-0-

O'Loughlin, M., 196; 202

Oblak, S., 97; 102

Ogborn, 1., 115; 120; 238; 245

Ohly, H. P., 9

310

Orton, A., 71

Osborne, 1., 167; 175; 235; 237; 245; 292

Otano, P., 295

Ozkan, Y., 51; 56

-p-

Pallardy, G., 20; 22

Pallardy, M. 1., 22

Panvar, R., 164

Paris, S. G., 81; 82; 87

Parson, F., 256; 261

Paulsen, A., 169; 175; 176

Pecori, B., 278; 283

Pedemonte, G. M., 157; 163

Pekka, E., 89

Pendley, B. D., 52; 55

Pessoa de Carvalho, A. M., 283; 302

Peterfalvi, B., 20; 22

Pfundt, H., 57; 64

Phelps, A. J., 52; 54; 55

Pinto, R., 10 1

Pintrich, P. R., 86; 87; 141; 147

Piolat, A., 179; 183

Pitton, A., 73; 74; 80

Poincare, H., 221

Pol, D., 170; 176

Pontecorvo, c., 32; 38

Pope, M., 183

Posner, G. 1.,129; 130; 141; 147

Pozo, J. I., 183

Prelle, S., 234; 235

Prosser, R., 51; 55

Psillos, D., 1; 169; 170; 176; 203; 208;

209

Pugliese, Jona S., 102

-Q-Quilez-Pardo, 1., 51; 55

-R-Raichvarg, D., 22; 163

Ratcliffe, M., 48

Rissotto, A., 177

Rivard, L. P., 183

Robb, A., 235

Robertson, I. 1., 195; 196; 202

Robinson, W. R., 53; 55

Roth, M., 253; 278; 281; 283

Rowell, P. M., 277; 283

Rozencwajg, P., 259; 261

Rozier, S., 109

Ruberti, A., 235

Rudd, T., 25; 29

Ruiz, C., 277; 283; 295; 296; 299; 302

Rushworth, P., 24; 28

Rutherford J. F., 192

Rutherford, J. F., 186

Ryder, 1., 175

-8-

Saari, H., 89; 245

Sabar, N., 138; 139

Salarne, N., 176

Salcedo, L. E., 283; 302

Sander, F., 176; 209

Sanders, L. R., 298; 302

Sanger, M. J., 52; 55

Scardarnalia, M., 178; 179; 183

Schaefer, G., 9

Schecker, H., 176

Schletter, 1., 10

Schmidt, H. 1., 52; 56

Schmidt, K., 234; 235

Schmidt, Y., 227; 235

Schnack,K., 268; 269;272;274;275

Schnaitmann, G. W., 141

SchOn, D., 280; 284

Schriver, K. A., 179

Schrodinger, H., 222

Scott, L., 235

Scott, P., 24; 29; 235; 245; 292

Scriver, K. A, 183 Sere, M. G., 70; 71; 167; 169; 170; 175;

176;203;204;209 Shrum, S., 164

Shulman, L. S., 279; 284; 295

Siegler, R. S., 211; 217

Silberstein, 1., 95 Silverman, M. P., 259; 261 Simonneaux, L., 10 Simons, J. R. 183 Sj0berg, S., 7; 134; 135; 138; 139

Skon, L., 259; 261

Smith, D. C., 278; 284

Smith, D., 73; 80

Smith, R., 308

Soerensen, H., 134; 135; 139 Solaz-Portoles, J. 1., 51; 55 Solomon, J., 227; 229; 230; 233; 234;

235;271;275 SOrbom, D., 143; 147

Sormunen, K., 89;245

Spada, H., 73; 80 Spiliotopoulou, V., 285; 289; 292

Squires, A, 24; 28

Staberg, E., 135; 138; 139 Stache1scheid, K., 73; 80

Stavy, R., 95 Sternberg, R. J., 124; 130

Stevens, A L., 120 Stoddart, T., 282; 284 Stodolsky, S. S., 278; 284 Stoffiett, R. T., 282; 284

Stolte, S., 10

Strage, A, 186

Strange, A, 192

Stratman, J. F., 183

Strike, K., 147

Suardet, R., 109

Sumfleth, E., 73; 74; 80

Sutton, C., 196; 202

-T-Taber, K. S., 52; 56 Tamblyn, R. M., 259; 261 Tarsitani, C., 101; 176

Tarsitani, M. G., 175 Taylor, P. C., 83; 87

Ten Voorde, H. H., 66; 71

Tessier, B., 52; 56; 186; 193

Thiel, R. D., 143; 147 Thijs, G. D., 113; 120 Thomas, G. P., 81

Thompson, P. W., 285; 293 Thorley, R., 32; 38

Thunberg, B., 58; 63

311

Tiberghien, A, 163; 169; 176; 209; 290;

293 Tippins, D. J., 82; 87; 284

Tirosh, D., 90; 95 Tobin, K., 82; 87; 175; 209; 277; 281;

284;302 Torracca, E., 175; 176

Toulmin, S., 32; 38 Tozer, S., 192

Treagust, D., 25; 28

Trosseille, B., 259; 261

Trumper, R., 113; 120 Tse1fes, V., 175

Tuomi, T., 245 Turner, S., 10 Tveita, J., 133; 134; 136; 139 Tytler, R., 250; 253

-u-Underwood, G., 183

Underwood, 1., 183

Upmeier zu Belzen, A, 13

-v-Valassiades, 0., 208

Valente,O.M., 123

van den Berg, E., 120

312

Van Hiele, Po Mo, 65; 71

van Hiele-Geldof, Do, 65

van Huis, Co, 120

van Roon, Po Ho, 53; 54

van Trommel, J., 48

Veillard, Lo, 176

Veje, Co J., 274

Verdonk, A H., 51; 54; 68; 71

Vez, J. Mo, 302

Vicentini, Mo, 97; 100; 101; 169; 175;

203;209

Viennot, L., 109

Viiri, Jo, 89; 244; 245

Vilardi, To, 178; 183

Vogt, Ho, 13

Volker, 8., 141

von Aufschnaiter, So, 176; 211; 217

von Glasersfeld, Eo, 292; 293

von Rhoneck, Co, 141; 217

von Saldern, Mo, 143; 147

Vonk, Ho, 292

Vygotsky, L. So, 124; 130

-w-Waarlo, A J., 13; 41; 48

Wackenheim, A, 22

Wake, Do A, 18; 21; 22

Walker, So, 275

Wallace, J., 73

Walter, Vo A, 183

Wanderse, J. Ho, 278; 284

Wang, T., 138; 140

Watts, Do Mo, 52; 56; 113; 121

Weinert, Fo Eo, 130

Weinstein, Co Eo, 142; 147

Welford, Go, 235; 245; 292

Wellington, J., 175; 238; 245; 253; 303;

304;308

Welzel, Mo, 170; 176; 211; 217

Weninger, J., 74; 80

Weston, R. A J., 202

White, Lo R., 83; 87

White, Ro To, 81; 87

Whitehead, A No, 123; 130

Wildy, Ho, 73

Wilson, 8. J., 52; 54

Winograd, Po, 81; 87

Winther, J. 176

Wittrock, Mo Co, 86

Wixon, K. K., 82; 87

Wood-Robinson, Co, 10; 24; 29; 71

Wood-Robinson, Vo, 24; 28

Woods McConney, A, 188; 191; 193

Woolgar, So, 37; 38

Woolnough, Bo Eo, 247; 248; 250; 251;

253

Wright, Do Ko, 252

Wubbels, To, 284

-y-Yager, R., 235

Yal~inalp, So, 51; 56

Yeany, R. Ho, 73; 76; 80

-Z-

Zabalza, Mo A, 284

Zetterqvist, A., 62; 63

Zimvrakaki, Ho, 10

Zoller, Uo, 52; 56; 185; 186; 187; 188;

191; 192

Subject Index

achievement, 14; 83; 86

alternative conceptions, 26; 113

assessment, 29; 51; 73

atom, 16; 67; 68; 89; 91; 92; 93; 94; 95

biological concept, 10; 11

biological education, 41

biology didactic, 8; 10; 11; 12; 14

biology education, 15; 41

case studies, 201; 202; 203; 204; 205; 206; 209; 250; 276; 278; 296

chemical conception, 92; 94; 95; 242

chemistry education, 49; 53; 54; 65; 66

chemistry, 12; 14; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 63; 65; 66; 68; 71; 73; 76; 79; 82; 83; 85;

89;90;93;94

cognitive abilities, 51; 143; 144; 209

cognitive development, 129; 208; 209; 214

cognitive factors of learning, 141

cognitive factors, 13

cognitive obstacles, 157; 162; 163

cognitive structure, 11; 13; 24; 26; 27; 73; 77; 210

common culture, 303

communication, 1; 4; 5; 42; 74; 75; 76; 78; 79; 97; 98

competence, 48; 124; 209; 253; 254; 263; 265

complexity, 8

concept mapping, 132

conceptual categories, 223

conceptual change, 17; 23; 32; 38; 86; 87; 98; 129; 130; 141; 147; 169; 231; 280; 294

conceptual development, 24; 25; 28; 65; 113; 120

conceptual knowledge, 168; 169; 171; 172

constructivism, 82; 98; 132; 151; 163; 235; 243; 281; 283; 284; 287; 288; 295

curriculum, 4; 5; 19; 20; 31; 62; 86; 108

data construction, 31; 32; 35; 36

didactic obstacles, 20,

education problem, 49

education problems, 49

education programm, 281

education research, I; 2; 3; 4; 5; 14; 25; 49; 50; 51; 53; 54; 55

educational demands, I; 2; 5

educational policies, 3

educational research, 10; 97; 100; 148; 151; 229

energy, 9; 57; 58; 59; 60; 61; 62; 63; 104; 113; 114; 115; 116; 117; 118

313

314

environment, 23; 31; 58; 63; 73; 79; 117; 118; 119; 120; 143; 148; 149; 152; 157; 162; 174;

175; 176; 177; 180; 184; 210; 218; 222; 232; 266; 281; 282; 287

environmental edu, 262; 263; 265; 270

environmental education, 262; 263; 265; 270

environmental problems, 57

environmental studies, 232

epistemology, 7; 148; 229

Europe, 1; 2; 3; 7; 54; 100

experimental activity, 165; 168; 171; 172; 256

experimental group, II

experimental groups, 123

field activities, 152

general didactic, 10; 11; 14

geological knowledge, 151

goal, II; 31

image of science, 98; 100; 165

innovative, 1; 3; 4; 41

key evidence, 193; 194; 195; 196; 197

Kuhnian view, 194

laboratory activity, 172

laboratory experim, 115

laboratory experiment, 115

laboratory work, 3; 166; 201; 299

labwork, 31; 101; 165; 166; 167; 168; 169; 170; 171; 172; 173; 174; 201; 202; 203; 204;

205; 206; 207; 213

learning achie, 86; 141; 142; 144

learning achievement, 86; 142; 144

learning activities, 132

learning model, 98; 285

learning process, 41; 42; 43; 49; 52; 65; 70; 74; 81; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 163; 171; 208; 210;

222

learning science, 113; 163; 279; 295

learning strategies, 84; 142; 143; 144; 145; 146

learning, 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 7; 8; 9; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 18; 20; 24; 26; 27; 28; 29; 31; 37; 38;

41;42;43;44;48;49;50;51;52;54;55;58;65;68;70;73;74;79;81;82;83;84;85;

86; 87; 97; 98; 100; 103; 113; 124; 129; 132; 137; 138; 141; 142; 143; 144; 145; 146;

147; 151; 153; 157; 163; 165; 166; 168; 171; 172; 173; 174; 176; 178; 181; 183; 184;

200;201;202;204;205;206;208;209;210;213;214;221;222;229;231;235;237;

241;250;255;257;258;266;273;274;275;276;278;279;280;281;282;283;284;

285;286;291;292;294;295;296;297;298;300;301;304

levels of interpretation, 180

longitudinal studies, II; 23; 29

measurement, 65; 68; 69; 70; 71; 87

mental representation, 97; 157; 254

metacognition, 81; 82; 83; 86; 87; 123; 124; 130; 267

metaphor, 81; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86

methodological structure, 159

misconception, 50; 51; 55; 68; 109

315

model, 4; 5; 8; 14; 23; 26; 27; 52; 63; 70; 92; 93; 95; 98; 103; 104; 105; 107; 108

motivation, 12; 13; 15; 16; 20; 130; 141; 142; 143; 179; 184; 229; 244; 249; 274; 279; 300

natural sciences, 132; 235; 238; 242; 301

network, 3; 66; 149; 169; 2~9; 221

objective, 2; 12; 20; 23; 33: 34; 38; 79; 89; 123; 132; 143; 165; 166; 167; 168; 171; 172;

175; 185;201;205;206;226;228;229;230;232;233;255;257;258;282;285

pedagogical implicati, 129

pedagogical implications, 129

pedagogical problem, 294; 296

personal knowledge, 244; 245; 246; 249; 250

physical knowledge, 18; 235; 236; 237; 239; 242

physics education, 95; 99; 101; 235; 243

Piaget, 51; 143; 194

preconception, 7; 73; 78; 79; 235

previous knowledge, 15; 73; 79; 141; 153

primary science, 157; 278; 280

primary, 4; 12; 15; 16; 17; 19; 20; 27

problem solving, 52; 55; 73; 74; 77; 78; 79; 83; 85; 123; 124; 125; 126; 129; 130; 145; 183;

245;246;247;291;292;295;296;297

professional knowledg, 291; 292; 293 pupils' conceptions, 71; 157; 162

qualitative, 4; 8; 59; 105

quantitative, 4; 55; 73

research deve, 49

research development, 1; 49

research field, 51; 97; 126; 287

research, 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 7; 8; 9; 10; II; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 21; 23; 25; 28; 32; 34; 35; 42; 49;

50; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 57; 63; 65; 68; 69; 71; 81; 86; 87; 89; 90; 95; 97; 98; 99; 100; 101;

103; 104; 106; 114; 123; 124; 125; 126; 132; 135; 142; 148; 149; 150; 151; 157; 159;

163; 165; 166; 168; 173; 175; 181; 183; 185; 194; 202; 203; 204; 205; 206; 207; 208;

209;218;225;227;229;232;233;235;236;241;242;243;244;247;249;250;253;

254;255;257;262;265;273;281;282;287;296;298;299;300;301;302;303;304

school experiment, 141; 143

school science, 98; 99; 173; 183; 194; 207; 228; 243; 245; 247; 249; 250; 274; 303

school textbooks, 15; 19; 20

science education research, I; 2; 3; 4; 5; 25; 51; 55

316

science education, 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 23; 25; 28; 51; 53; 55; 57; 65; 71; 73; 102; 133; 138; 183;

185;207;213;225;226;227;228;229;231;232;233;235;236;241;243;249;254;

262;265;266;268;270;273;274;276;282;292;300;303;304

science learning, I; 4; 38; 157; 206; 294

science teaching, 4; 5; 87; 89; 183; 185; 202; 229; 245; 250; 253; 254; 255; 256; 265; 268; 274;275;276;277;278;279;280;291;294;296;299;301

scientific approach, 151

scientific behaviour, 299; 300; 304

scientific concept, 73; 124; 129; 130; 147; 203; 205; 266; 267

scientific culture, 5; 31; 32; 35; 36; 38; 223; 229

scientific knowledge, 2; 3; 5; 35; 98; 99; 174; 202; 222; 223; 228; 231; 245; 257; 274; 276

scientific phenomena, 246

scientific research, 149; 227

scientific understanding, 1; 202

secondary school, 20; 27; 48; 55; 65; 68; 82; 89; 90; 98; 100; 151; 153; 165; 166; 193; 230;

236;243;253;254;257;258;260;261;282

secondary science teaching, 299

skill, 3 student learning, 291

student project, 244; 247

student projects, 244; 247

students' competence, 124

students' conceptions, 2; 11; 25; 89; 90; 95; 235

students' idea, 90; 99; 101; 284

students' knowledge, 81

students' learning, 204; 231; 284

students' preconceptions, 73; 78 students' thinking, 2; 89; 94; 282; 287

students' understanding, 2; 10; 78; 119; 201; 203; 205; 206

teacher education, 95; 236; 242; 243; 273; 274; 275; 276; 277; 278; 281; 285; 291; 292; 294;

296;297;298;299

teacher training, 100; 151; 262; 265; 266; 267; 268; 279; 285; 288; 299

teachers training, 253

teaching learning science, 113

teaching method, 50; 61; 73; 98; 132; 138; 141; 254; 258; 276

teaching science, 41; 229; 231; 232; 245; 274; 277; 278; 279; 280; 298; 302; 303

teaching sequence, 113; 114; 115

teaching strategies, 132; 183; 185; 274; 277

teaching, I; 2; 4; 5; 7; 8; 10; 11; 13; 14; 16; 20; 23; 27; 28; 41; 42; 44; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52;

53;54;55;56;58;61;62;65;66;68;69;71; 73;79;82;83;85;86;87;89;97;98;99;

100; 101; 102; 103; 113; 114; 115; 124; 129; 132; 136; 137; 138; 141; 151; 153; 163;

165; 166; 168; 169; 17l; 172; 173; 174; 183; 184; 185; 200; 201; 202; 203; 204; 205;

206;207;226;227;229;230;231;232;243;245;247;249;250;253;254;255;256; 258;262;263;264;265;266;267;268;269;273;274;275;276;277;278;279;280; 281;282;283;284;285;286;287;288;291;292;293;294;295;296;298;299;300; 301;302;303

317

university, 14; 20; 52; 55; 68; 89; 90; 94; 95; 98; 100; 103; 105; 106; 113; 114; 206; 207; 227;253;254;257;267;273;274;276;278;279;299

wave surface, 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 108; 109 worksheet, 42; 43; 44; 119