author index - springer978-1-4684-5122-1/1.pdfauthor index - springer ... author index
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Adams, N. E., 70 Adler, R., 15 Adler, Z., 263 Aldwin, C., 200 Alfert, E., II Algaze, B., 244 Allen, A., 207 Allen, R., 44 Allport, G. W., 234 Alston, W. j., 207 Alt, M., 123 Altrocchi, j., 215 Amthauer, R., 93, 123 Andrews, B., 257 Andrews, F. M., 260 Andrews, G., 203 Anton, W. D., 244 Apple, W., 160 Appley, M. H., 3, 5, 6,
11,13,14,21,53,75, 119,239,309,311
Arnold, M. B., 169 Arthur, R. j., 25 Asendorpf, j., 160, 162,
219 Askenasy, A. R., 290 Averill,j. R., 210, 211,
213, 214, 226, 242 Ax, A., 105
Baade, E., 110, 153 Baker, G. W., 6 Bamberg, E., 187, 188 Bandura, A., 70, 78, 236
Author Index
Baron, R., 55 Battman, W., 92 Bauer, H., 149, 150, 151 Baum, A., 12,56,57 Baum, D. 5., 12,57 Baumeister, R. F., 245 Beck, A. T., 68, 260 Beiglbock, W., 147, 152 Bern, D., j., 207 Berglas, 5., 238 Bergmann, G., 162 Berkman, L. F., 56 Bernard, C., 5 Bifulco, A., 265, 272 Biggs, S. j., 250 Bischof, B., 147 Bohlin, G., 113 Basel, R., 226 Bowlby, J., 273 Breznitz, 5., 89, 261,295,
296, 302 Brickenkamp, R., 123 Broadhead, W. E., 268 Brown, G. W., 70, 257,
258,259,260,261, 262, 263, 265, 269, 272, 286, 290
Butler, L., 248, 249 Byrne, D., 160,209,215,
216,268 Byrum, M., 219
Campbell, E. A., 261 Cannon, W. B., 5, 104
Caplan, G., 257 Caplan, R. D., .'16 Carnap, R., 65 Cassel, j., 55, 68, 257 Cassem, N. H., 297 Chabot, j. A., 219 Chalmers, B. E., 13 Chapman, D. W., 6 Chesney, M. A., 113 Christensson, T., 110 Cle:uy, P. j., 30 Cobb,S., 13,56,257 Cofer, C. N., 5, 14,239 Cohen, F., 210, 218 Cohen, j. B., 49, 236 Cohen,S., 51, 55, 64 Collins, D. L., 56 Comstock, G. W., 31 Contrada, R., 56 Cooper, B., 262 Coover, G. D., 106 Cope, S. j., 261 Costello, C. G., 261 Cousins, N., 297 Coyne, j. C., 63, 72, 78,
186, 200, 203, 286, 289 Cox, T., 13, 14 Craig, T. K. j., 262, 263 Crandall, V. j., 219 Credido, S. G., 42 Cronbach, L. j., 227 Crowne, D. P., 162
Dakof, G., 63, 186
329
330 AUTHOR INDEX
D'Amato, M. R., 214 Folkman,S., 63, 67, 70, Grunberg, N. E., 57 Davidson, L. M., 5, 47, 56 74,78, 185, 186, 188, Guillemin, R., 102 Davidson, M. j., 15 207,208,217,235,289 Guttman, G .. 141, 144, Davidson, R. j., 162, 219 Forsman, L., 108 149,151 Dean, A., 66 Forster, F., 167 Dean, c., 263 Foster,S., 297 Haan, N., 68, 184, 190. deChateau, P., 106 Frank, j. D., 285 198,210 Deese, j., II Frankenhaeuser, M., 56, Hacker, W., 118 DeLongis, A., 63, 67,71, 57,101,105,106,107, Hackett, T. P., 297, 303
186 108,110, III, 113 Hamburg, D. A., 102 DeWitt, G. W., 213 Franklin, j., 262 Handelsman, M. M .. 243 Dickenson, E., 296 Fredrikson, M., 106, 113 Hanes, C., 15, 26 Dimsdale, j. E., 102 French, j. R., 56, 81 Haney, T., 297 Dodson, M., 66, 67, 289 Frese, M., 183, 185, 187. Hardy, A. B., 70 Dahler, j., 123 195,202 Harris, T. 0., 70, 259, Dohrenwend, B. P., 9, 30, Freud, A., 184,209 260, 263, 272, 286
64,66,67,68283, 284, Friedman, L., 31, 82 Hartman, E. A., 38 285, 287, 288, 289, Friedman, M., 13 Hartung, R., 123 290, 291 Friessen, W. V., 160,249 Hay thorn, W. W., 6
Dohrenwend, B.S., 9, 30, Fuchs, E., 110 Heitzlhofer, K., 142. 145 64, 66, 67, 283, 284. Funder, D. C., 207 Helfrich. H., 166 285, 287, 289, 290, 291 Funkenstein, D. H., 105 Heller, K., 268
Dowrick, P. W., 250 Henderson, A. 5., 268 Dubos, R., 68 Gardell, B., 187 Henderson, H., 268 Duncan-Jones, P., 263, Gatchel, R. j., 56 Henry,j. P., 110
268 Gediga, G., 221, 222, 224 Henshaw, D., 209 Dunkel, H., 187 Gehlbach, S. H., 268 Herbst, A. L., 51 D'Zurilla, T. j., 209 Geller, V., 160 Hess, H., 123
Gellhorn, E., 158 Heyden,S .• 268 Easterbrook, j. A., 216 Gentry, W. D., 297 Hill, K. T., 219 Eckhardt, G., 130 Gilbert, P., 259 Himel, D., 209 Edhag, D., 110 Glanzmann, P., 243 Hirsch, j., 51 Ekman, P., 160, 167,249 Glass, D. C., 55, 56, 82, Hjemdahl, P., 113 Eliasson, K., 113 III, 211 Hobfall, S. E., 262 Elliott, G. R., 102 Goffman, E., 234 Hock, K., 123 Ellis, A., 68 Goldberg, E. L., 31 Hofer, 1., 161,209 Emery, G., 260 Goldfried, M. R., 209 Holahan, C. j., 44 Emms, E. M., 261 Goldman, L., 106 Holmes, T. H., 66 Endler, N. S., 235 Goldstein, M. j., 209 Holst, von D., 110 Ensel, W. M., 66 Gonzales, H. P., 244 Houston, B. K., 210 Epstein,S., 145,212,213, Gordon, j. E., 215 Howells, G. N., 70
226 Gore,S., 272 Hunt, j. MeV., 220 Evans, G. W., 51 Garlitz, D., 158 Hwang, K-H., 15 Eysenck, H. j., 207 Gorsuch, R. L., 244 Eysenck, M. W., 207, 211 Gotlib, 1. H., 68 Iker, H., 297
Gould, M.S., 284 Fahrenberg, j., 167, 188 Grawe, K., 249 Jacobson, L., 219 Farnham, L. j., 219 Greif,S., 187 James, S. A., 268 Fenz, W. D., 145,212 Grimson, R., 268 Janis, 1. L., 305 Finlay-Jones, R., 263 Grinker, R. R., 13 Jenkins, c. D., 12, 16,31 Fletcher, j., 261 Gruen, R., 67 Johansson, G., 110, 187
AUTHOR INDEX
Johnson, J. H., 72 Jones, E. E., 238 Julius, S. A., 51 Jurgens, U., 158 Justice, B., 44
Kagan, N., 250 Kahn, R. L., 81, 82 Kanner, A. D., 63. 66. 71.
286, 289 Kant, 1., 65 Kaplan, B. H .. 268 Kamarck, T., 64 Karasak. R. A .. I 10 Kasl, S. V .• 64 Kelly. G. A .. 241, 242.
250 Kelly. S .• 51 Kenny. D. A., 192 Kessler. R. C, 260. 268 Kiehl, G. E .. 220 Kihlstrom. J. F., 211 Klein, K., 113 Knittle, J. L., 51 Kobasa, S. C., 71 Korchin, S. J.. 5 Krantz, D. S .. 51, 56. I 10 Krasnoff, L., 290 Kratwohl. D. R., 250 Kraus. R .. 160 Krippendorff, K., 249 Krohne, H. W., 207, 208,
209,210,211,212, 214,215.216,217, 219, 220
Kubzansky, P. E., 5
Lackner, E., 142, 143 Lamendella. J. L., 158 Larson, D. W., 262 Lauber, W., 151 Launier, R., 54, 81, 208,
212, 235, 236, 237, 239, 241
Laux, L., 209. 210, 233. 235, 250
Laver, J., 158 Lazarus, R. S., 5, 10, II,
12, 13,48,49,52.54, 55, 63, 67, 68, 70, 72. 74, 78,81, 119, 144.
169, 184, 185, 186, 188, 190. 198, 200. 207. 208. 209, 210. 211, 212, 217, 218, 226. 235, 236, 237, 239.241,286.289
Leary, M. R .• 234, 236. 238, 239, 245
Leff. J. P .• 263 Lehman, E. C. Jr.. 12 Lehrman. D. S .. 65 Lei, H .. 30 Leiderman. P. H., 5 Leighton. A. H .. 284 Leventhal. H., 48 Levi. L.. 105. 120 Levine,S., 106. 110. 153 Lewinsohn, P. ~1.. 262 Licht. B. G .. 64 Liddle, C. 277 Lieberman. M. A .. 13.23.
31.259,286 Liebert, R. M .• 244 Lin. H .. 66 Lind. E., 110 Link. B .• 284 Lippa. R., 249 Loengew, A. N., 118 Loevinger, J., 68 Lumsden. D. P., 82 Lundberg, U., 57, 106,
107. 108, 110 Lushene, R. E., 244
Mackay, C .• 13 Macklin, D. B., 284 Magnussen, D., 235 Maier, S. F., 213 Malmo, R. B .• 158 Mangan, C. E., 211 Mann, G. V .. 56 Mann, S. A., 263 Manstead, A. S. R., 235 Marlowe, D., 162 Maslow, A. H., 119 Mason, J. W., 5, 48, 56,
lOS, 119, 136 McBee, G., 44 McGrath, J. E., 3, 5, 13,
81,118,119 McKay, G., 56
McLean, P., 63 McLeod,.J.. 268 Meehl. P. E., 227 Mehl. I., 123 Meichenbaum. D. T..
331
209. 248. 249 Menaghan. E. G .. 13.23.
31.259 Mendelson. J. H .. 5 Menninger. K., 68, 297 Mermelstein. R .. 64 Metcalf. J. T.. 242 Mikhail, A., 26 Miller. J. G .• 6. 7 Miller. N. E .• 56 Miller. R .• 250 Miller. S. M .• 42. 210.
211.213.217 Millham • .J..219 Milton. J.. 303 Mineka, S .. 211 Mischel. W., 207. 217 Modick. H. E .• 123 Mohr. G .• 187, 188 Monat. A .• 211 Monroe. S. M., 63. 66 Moos. R. H .• 44 Morris. L. W .• 244 Moss. J., 102 Mowrer. O. H .• 296 Mueller. D. P .• 272 Mullan. J. T .• 13, 23, 31.
259 Muller. S .• 160 Muller. W .• 167 Mundelein. H .• 87 Murphy. E .• 261, 263 Myrsten, A. L., 56. 105 Myrtek, M .• 167
Ndetei. D. M .• 259 Neufeld. R. W., 82 Neugebauer. R., 284 Newman. B. M .• 43 Nicholls, J. G .• 64 Nietzsche. F .• 301 Nirnberger. G .• 151 Nitsch. J. R .• 118 Nixon. J.. 263 Nordhedin. B .. 56. 105 Norman. N .• 245
332 AUTHOR INDEX
Notterman,j. M., 315 Rosenthal, R., 81 Seligman, M., 107, 110, Roskies, E., 237 304
O'Brien, L., 213 Rossler, K., 123 Sells, S. B., 5, 6, 11 O'Connor, P., 263, 269 Rotter, j. B., 304 Selye, H., 4, 6, 7, 21, 29, Olson, C., 160 Rudert, I., 158 31,36,47,48, 105, Opton, E. M., 226 Rudow, B., 117 119, 120, 168,310 Orne, M. T., 201 Ruebush, B. K., 219 Semmer, N., 187, 188 Orton, R., 78 Rueckert, D., 187 Shapiro, D. A., 261 Osler, S. F., 11 Ruff, G. E., 5 Shaw, B. F., 260 Otto. J.. 226 Rummel, M., 187 Shrout, P. E., 66, 67, 289
Rush, A. j., 260 Simon, H. A., 184 Parron, D. L., 102 Rutenfranz, j., 121 Singer, j. E., 5, 12,47, Parry, G., 261 Rutter, M., 277 55,57,82,211 Pascal, G. R., 11 Skinner, j. H., 30 Patkai, P., 105 Sabini, j., 185 Smith, T. W., 238, 240, Paykel, E. S., 261 Sachar, E. j., 106 243, 248 Peake, P. K., 207 Sanden, P.O., 110 Snoek, j. D., 81 Pearl, R A., 64 Sarason, I. G., 72, 219, Snyder, C. R., 238, 240, Peariin, L. I., 13,23,31, 244 243
63, 188, 201, 203, 209, Sashidharan, S. P., 263 Snyder, M., 246 259, 262, 286 Schachter, S., 55, 57 Solomon, P., 5
Pelz, D. C., 203 Schaefer, C., 63, 284 Spath, H., 123 Pervin, L. A., 235 Schaeffer, M. A., 56, 289 Spiegel, j. P., 13 Periman, B., 38 Schaffner, P., 24, 210, Spielberger, C. D., 226, Peterson, E. A., 51 211 243, 244 Phillips, D. C., 78 Schally, A. V., 102 Spinoza, B., 300 Pietruschka, W., 130 Scherer, K. R, 157, 158, Standke, R., 166 Poskanzer, D. c., 51 159, 160, 161, 162, Steinmetz, j. L., 262 Post, B., 56, 105 163, 165, 168, 169, Stephens, P. M., 110 Pratt, C. C., 64 170,176,209,219 Steptoe, A., 110 Price, R. H., 260, 268 Scherer, U., 166 Stohr, W., 110 Prudo, R, 261, 263 Scheuch, K., 117, 121, Stokols, D., 51 Prystav, G., 210, 211, 214 122, 124, 130, 136 Stotland, E., 296 Putnam, H., 65 Schlenker, B. R., 234, Stone, A., 15
236, 238, 239, 240, Streeter, L. A., 160 Quine, W. V. 0., 65 242, 245 Summerfield, A., 176 Quinn, R. P., 81 Schmale, A. H., 297 Sundin, 0., 106 Quinton, D., 277 Schoenbach, V. j., 268 Surtees, P. G., 263
Schooler, C., 188,201, Syme, S. L., 56, 68 Rahe, R. H., 25, 51, 66 203, 209 Rassaby, E. S., 261 SchOn pflug, W., 81,87, Tai Al Deen, H., 123 Redfield, j., 15 185, 202, 203, 208, 209 Taylor, C. j., 162, 244 Robbey, S. j., 51 Schreinicke, G., 117, 121, Teasdale,]. D., 261 Robinson, B. W., 158 124 Tedeschi, j. T., 234, 236, Rodin, j., 55 Schroder, H., 123, 124, 245 Rogosa, D., 192 127 Teichner, W. H., 12 Rogner, j., 208, 209, 210, Schulz, P., 82, 209 Tennant, C., 260
211,212,214,215, Schwartz, G. E., 162,219 Tetlock, P. E., 235 216,217,219 Schwarzinger, G., 147 Theorell, T., 110
Rose, R. M., 103, 106 Scully, R E., 51 Thoits, P. A., 63, 64, 67, Rosenman, R. H., 13 Seidel, W., 123 74
AUTHOR INDEX
Thomas, L., 319 Tibblin, G., 268 Tolkmitt, F., 162, 166 Trimmel, M., 149, 151 Trumbull, R., 3, 5, I I.
14,21,75, 119.309. 311.315
Ursin, H., 110, 153
Vadher, A .• 259 Vaillant. G. E., 68. 184,
190,198 Van Heck, G. L. M., Hi7 Veno, A., 15 Vossel, G., 235
Wagner, E. H., 268 Walfisch, S., 262 Wallbott, H. G., 161, 162,
176,209 Wallon, H., 169 Walschburger, P., 167 Weinberger, D. A., 162,
219 Weinstein,.J.,226 Weisman, A. D., 208 Weiss,.J. M., 110 Weitz,.J., II Welch, B. L., 51 Welford, A. T, 208 Wexler, D., 5 Wigand, A., 220
333
Wild, B. S., 15,26 Wilensky, R., 92 Winberg,.J., 106 Wing,.J. K., 263 Wishnie, H. A., 297 Wolfe, D. M., 81 Wolfram, H., 123 Worden,.J. W., 208 Wortman, C. B., 260 Wunsch-Hitzig, R., 284
Yablonsky, L., 242
Zap£, D., 187 Zedeck, S., 72, 184 Zuckerman, M., 54
Abandonment, 259 Achievement moti\'ation, 123-125, 136,
160-162, 167 Action theory, 18 Activation, 62, 94,147, 150-154, 174,
313,318. See also Arousal, Cortical negativity
Activity, need for, 119 Adaptation, 120-121, 176
diseases of, 5, 310 Adaptational outcome, 72, 78 "Additive burden," 255, 287-288 Adjustment, 22, 320, 324 Adrenal cortical trophic hormone
(ACTH), 103-104 Adrenal system/hormones, 33, 48,
102-108 Adrenaline. See Epinephrine Affect, 67, 73, 161 Affective disorders, 259, 277-278, 284,
288 Aggression, 105, III Alcoholism, 32, 50, 238 Ambiguity, 76 Ambulatory recording techniques. 102 Anergia, 264 Anger, 105, 169-176,237,299 Anticipation, 19.34.42. 106, 145 Anticipation phase, 181. 210-216, 295.
321 Anxiety, 33. 68, 92, 105-107, 110,
122-129.162-165.171-173. 208-212,216.218-227.233.237. 242-246, 248. 299
Subject Index
Appraisal, cognitive, 13-20,27,34,48. 52-57, 70-76, 81-83, 99-100, 101, 118, 167-169,219,236,243, 247-248,315-319,324-325
Approach/avoidance types, 144-147 Arousal, 147,212,244. See also
Activation Aspiration(s), 258-260 Attention, 4, 214, 237 Attitude(s), 12, 145,220 Attribution, 95, 100, 147,238 Autohypnosis, 23, 42 Autonomic arousal, 57,166,170. See
also Arousal Avoidance, 55,123,190-197,209,213,
216-217
Balance/imbalance, 5, 13,29,37,41-43, 176,208-209,236,318-319, 325
Behavior economics, 20, 81-84, 88. See also Cost-benefit analysis
Biochemical functions, 14,22-23 Biofeedback, 8, 42,151,315 Blood, 102-103, 131-136,320 Blood pressure, 112-113, 123-126,
130-136 "Blunting," 213 Boredom, 26, 107, 173 Brain, 103-104 Brain trigger design, 151, 320. See also
Cortical negativity Breath rate, 163 Brooding, 193, 197,264
335
336
Capability, perceived, 236 Capacity. See Carrying capacity Cardiovascular system, 15, 29, 49, 51,
57, 103, 110-111 Care (in childhood), lack of, 272-274,
277 Carrying capacity, 19, 31, 34-39, 209,
211-212,318-324 "Caseness", onset of, 263-267 Cate<:ho!<!mine., '\'\, '>7,99, 103-111 Certainty, 52 Challenge, 14,52-57, 103, 109,
236-237 Cholesterol, 124-125, 130-133 "Chronic burden," 255, 287-288 Chronic role strains, 63. See also Role Circadian rhythm, 19,22,44,57,311,
322 Circularity, 20, 63 Cognition, 70, 182,244-245 Cognitive bias, 273-277 Cognitive load. See Psychic load Cognitive processes, 8, 10, 22, 34, 54,
76, 149, 176, 209, 247-249, 296 Cognitive scripts, 236 Cognitive theory of stress, 20, 53, 63,
70,81-82,181,190,199-204, 317,324
Cold pressor test, 105 Commitment, 73 Compensation, 119-120 Competence, 14,93, 109,217 Competition, 111, 147-148 Complaints, 124-125 Concentration, 123, 264 Conductance, 19, 27 Conflict, 33. See also Role conflict Confrontation (phase), 181,210-212,
216 Consciousness, 303, 317 Constraints, environmental, 13-14, 73 Contempt, 172 Context/contextual, 258, 263, 290, 310,
313 Control, 20, 42-44, 73, 82, 85-88, 99,
107-111,123,128-129,166,246, 304
Controllability, 210-217, 288-290, 314 perceived, 12, 55, 106, 128-129, 170,
181,217,316,321,324 Coping, 8, 10, 12,22-24,30-31,41-44,
53,58,71,81-84,92,96,99, 101, 107, 120, 127, 142, 153-154, 160,
SUBJECT INDEX
Coping (Cont.) 166,171-172,176,181-186, 190-197,199,202,207-208,213, 233,237,247-248,290,295,311, 318
emotion-focused, 55, 74-76, 181, 184, 189-190,208,212,237,319. See also Palliative
intrapsychic vs. direct, 237, 239, 250 nondefensive. 215-217. 221-227 situation-related, 188, 215 unsuccessful, 215-217, 221, 319
Coping dispositions. See Coping styles Coping efficacy, 181, 188,210,213,215,
321 Coping inventory, 220 Coping mode(s), 215, 220, 297, 303 Coping process(es), 208, 226, 315 Coping strategies, 187-188,200-201,
204, 207-209, 314, 318, 322-326 Coping sty1e(s), 20-21, 55-57, 63, 76,
162,181,184,188-190,219,226, 324
Coronary heart disease (CHD), 56, 111, 130
Coronary-prone behavior, 124-126, 134
Cortical negativity, 100, 151. See also Activation
Corticosteroids, 99, 103-106 Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF),
103 Cortisol levels, 106-110, 126, 131,
135-136 Cost-benefit analysis, 20, 81-84, 93, 185,
240. See also Behavior economics Crisis support, 270-277. See also Social
support Crowding, 105 Culture, 23, 76, 311 Cumulation. See Stress cumulation Cyclic functions. See Circadian cycles;
Timing
Daily hassles, 49, 63, 186,201,286-289, 314, 326. See also Hassles Scale
Danger, 13,70,209,216 Decentering, 123 Deception, 114, 235. See also Self-
deception Defense(s), 183, 186, 190 Defense mechanisms, 208, 238 Defensiveness, 219-220, 238
SUBJECT INDEX
Dejection, 172 Demand(s), 34-35, 39, 81, 104, 118,
121-122, 136. 142,208-209,236 environmental. 13, 63, 73, 101
Demand characteristics. 19. 76, 113. 120,124, 127. 130,201-202. 311-312,319
Demoralization, 284 Denial, 55, 190-194.240.286.302 Dependence. 27 Depression, 68, 106-107.200-203.237.
255-278,291,311-312.321-323 onset of, 268. 276-278. 283
Desensitization, 174 Despair. 303 Desperation. 172 Determinism. reciprocal. 78. 236 Developmental histon. 19. 23-24. 41.
100.311.322-323.326 Disappointment, 83. 259-260. 265. 277 Discrepancy. stress as. 19, 34. 38. 100 Disequilibrium. See Balancelimbalance Disgust, 167, 172 Disparity (discrepancy) control, 319-325 Disparity model, 39 Displeasure, 172 Dispositional determinants. 13, 213.
217-218,255,286,288-291, 310-313,318-319,322,327. See also Traits
Dispositions, coping. See Coping styles Dissatisfaction, 107 Distortions, 272-273 Distress, 70, 107-110, 120,285 Diurnal sensitivities. See Circadian
rhythms Dominance-submission, 110 Drugs, 42, 237, 311 Duration (of stress), 306, 317 Dysregulation, 127
Efficiency, 83. 110 Effort, 84, 107, 208 Egocentrism, 29-31 Ego defensive processes, 14,68. 239,
312 Egopsychology, 210 Ego-threat situation, 220-221, 243, 325.
See also Self-esteem. threat to Elation, 105, 172 Electroencephalogram (EEG), 150,
154 Electromyogram (EMG), 163
337
Emergency function. 104. 176 Emotion. 7-9. 20. 22. 32. 67. 70. 80. 99,
101, 105, 108, 157-159. 166-167, 182. 190. 208. 237. 242-243. 246. 296,317
theory. 157, 168-170 Emotional deprivation. See
De\'e1opmental histon: Social support
Emotional schemata. latent. 266 Emotional stability. 68. 137.244-245 Endocrine markers. 10 I-I 02 Endocrine stress response patterns. 106 Enjoyment. 172 En\'ironment-{)q~anism transaction. See
person--enyironment transaction Environmental demands. See Demands Epinephrine. 57. 103-110 Equilibrium. See Balance/imbalance Ergometry, maximum. 122. 136,
143-144, 148 Ergopsychometry. 100. 141-144.
148-154, 320 Ergotropic dominance. 175 "Eustress," 120 Evaluation. See Self-evaluation "Event proneness," 255. 287. 312 Examination(s)/tests as load. 122-124.
132-134. See also Load Excitement, 83 Exhaustion threshold, 239 Expectancy, 27, 106, 217
Facial expression, 158-161, 168. 174 Failure, 85-86, 238, 256-259, 265, 277,
311, 321 Familiarity, 105-106 Familiarization, 42 Family, 23, 42, 258 Fatigue, 121-123,311-312,318 Fear, 69-70, 83, 105-106, 145,
171-173,299-301 Feedback, 14-15, 19.25,30,41-43,
211,235-236.243.312-316,319, 324
Feelings, 34, 76, 119-125, 128, 159-160, 17i, 249, 316
Field settings, 57, 87, 102-103, 141, 295, 325
Fight or flight, 104, 120 Formant frequency, 163-164 Fotopulsamplitude, 124-126,
135
338
Frustration, 121, 203, 239 . Fundamental frequency (Fo), 159-163
General Adaptation Syndrome, 5, 12, 15, 36, 48-49, 118
Genetic factors, 8, 286, 311 Goal-related coping acts, 208, 215-216,
319 Goals, 72,118,171-172,236,249 Grief, i72 Guilt,171-173
Habituation, 311 Happiness, 172 Harmfulness, perceived, 12,52 Harm-loss, 236 Hassles Scale, 66-75, 289, 320. See also
Daily hassles HDL, 130-135 Health, 63,71,87,90, 101. 110,
121-124,137,287,297,302, 311-312,321-324. See also Wellbeing
Heart disease. See Coronary heart disease
Heart rate, 94-96, 113, 123-124, 136 Helplessness, 105-107, 273, 286,
303-304, 322 learned, 213, 303
Hemograms, 123-125 Heterostasis, 7, 29, 32, 41-43 Homeostasis, 5, 41,119,174 Hope/hopefulness, 202, 261, 295-30 I,
311-312,321-325 Hopelessness, 255, 261, 264, 278, 297,
303, 321 Hoping process, 255-256, 296-305, 322 Hormones, 102-103, 107, 122-127, 130,
136, 153, 296, 320 "Host resistance," 69 Human factors, 4, 6, 58, 315 Husband events, 261, 267-269, 275-276 Hypertension, 112-113
Imagination, 123,300 Immobilization, 105 Immune system, 33, 123,324 Impression management. See Self-
presentational view Individual differences, 10-12, 19,53,
57,69,77,92, Ill, 137, 159-160,
SUBJECT INDEX
Individual differences (Cont.) 166, 170,213,234,245-247,257, 304,310
Inductance, 19, 27 Information control. See Predictability Information selection/avoidance, .
124-128, 136 Insecurity, tolerance of, 123-128 Instable behavior, 215 Instigdliull i;ut:~11ulJ, 239 Integrity, 239, 324 Intelligence, 93-96, 123, 129 Intention, 300 Interaction, negative, 269-270 Interaction vs. transaction, 235, 310 Interpretation-specific causes, 99, 120 Intimacy, lack of, 261, 278 Involvement, 94, 107,290 Irritation, 173 Isolation, 5
Laboratory studies, 8, 58, 87, 102, 141-142,176,295,325
LDL, 130-135 Learning capabilities, 150-151 Life cycle, 19,22,27,37,313 Life events, 9-10, 15, 24, 30, 34, 37, 43,
63,70,255-262,286-290,317, 326-327
severe, 265-267, 270, 274, 285-288, 312
Life Events Scale, 66, 262-263 Life situations. See Field settings Life stress processes, 285-291 Limbic system, 158 Lipid metabolism, 122, 125, 130, 133 Load, 4,13,20,31,39-41,53,84,89,
95, 100, 113, 122-124, 127, 141-145, 148-153
Load stable vs. load instable, 143-148 Load stress, 211, 312-314, 322 Locus of control, 286-289, 304 Loss (of someone close), 259-260, 265,
273, 277 Love, 278 Lymphocytes, 136
Machiavellianism, 246 Management (settings), 141, 210, 325 Marriage, 31, 38, 258, 269, 276-278 Masculinity-femininity, 286 Mastery, 73, 109, 273, 286, 304
SUBJECT INDEX
"Matching." 255. 265-268. 274-278. 312.316.319
"Meaning." 158.313 Mediating/mediators. 55. 72. 103.
181-187.194-196.203-204 Meditation. 42. 55. 324 Metabolism. 123. 127. 130. 134 Microstressors. 63 MMPI. 123. 126 Mobilization of cognitions. 306 Moderating/moderators. 55. 72.
181-187. 194-197.202-204 Monitoring. 211-216 Monotony. 108. 121 Mood (states). 176. 264. 322 Motivation. 13.41, 109. 128. 145-147.
158-159.247.311 Morale. 76. 255. 297. 302. 322 Muscle tone. 158. 174
Needs. 13.22.39.43.99. 118-121, 171-172.311
Neuroendocrine system. 56. 101-103. 109-110. See also Hormones
Neurological descriptors. 22. 36 Neurotic tendencies. 123. 126-127.284 Noise (as stressor). 51. 208 Nonspecificity.48-49. 119-120 Noradrenaline. See Norepinephrine Norepinephrine. 57, 103-106, 175 Norm compatibility, 171-172 Novelty, 52,105-106,171,174 Nutritional factors, 23, 311
Optimal activation, 119, 152. See also Activation
Optimism. See Positive outlook Orientation, 82, 87, 174,316 Orienteering, 147-149 Overload, 6, 12, 26, 105, 312 Overreporting, 181, 191-194, 197,
199-202
Pace, psychological, 23, 109, 112. See also Timing
Pain, 220, 291 Palliative (palliation), 81-82. 190,208.
211. See also Coping, emotionfocused
Parachute jumping, 104. 110. 147.212. 216
Passion. 243 Passivity. 107.243
339
Pathogen reaction stress model. 19. 4H. 53. 56
Perception. II, 22. 34-39 Perceptual/cognitive filter. 15 Perceptual space. 15 Performance (change). 4. 6. 92-96. 100.
137.141, 144. 149-152 Person--environment transaction. 13.
101-103.120-122. 20H. 23.'}-237. 24H. 310. 314. 317
Personal comfort. 96 Personal control. 110-113. See a/so
Control Personal dispositions. See Dispositional
determinants Personality (traits). 7-H. 72. 122-124.
127-129.136.160-161.218.234. 241.245.278-279.289-291.311. 315.327. See aLw Traits
Personality disorders. 2H4 Physical illness/injury. 287-28H. 311 Physiological system. 22-23. 29. 42. 55.
73. 76. Ill. 309 Pituitary hormones. 103-106. 110. See
also Hormones Planning/plans. 91-96. 258. 300 Pleasantness. 17 I, 174 Pleasure. 261 Positive outlook. 189. 195, 197, 200.
322 Postconfrontation phase. 181. 208 Precipitating factors. 33. 37 Predictability (information control). 52.
106.211,215.321 Predisposing factors, 13,23.37. See aLm
Dispositional determinants Prevention. 69, 120.325 Privation/deprivation. 261. 272-273 Problem-focused. See Coping. problem-
focused Problem generation. 86. 88. 91 Problem solving. 20, 82, 85 Proneness, 288. 315. See also "Event
proneness" Protectiveness. 276 Psychic load, 148-149.318.322. See also
Load Psychic satisfaction. 121 Psychoactive drugs. 166
340
Psychoanalytic theory, 181, 186, 190, 199, 268
Psychoendocrinology. See Neuroendocrine system
Psychoimmunology, 313, 323-325 Psychological diagnostic, 136 PsychologicaVpersonality profile, 127 Psychological readiness, 327. See also
Timing PsychologICal system, 25, 42 Psychopathology, 66, 255, 283-291,
321-323 Psychophysiological view, 100, 117,
122-127. See also Activation Psychosocial variables, 27, 75, 101, 165 Psychosomatic complaints, 124,
181-188, 193-196, 199-203,321 Psychosomatic processes, 8, 28, 75, 313 Pulse rate, 163
Questionnaire measures, 7, 58, 89, 123, 185, 199-204, 220, 262, 269, 278, 289-290,314,320,324
Rage, 169, 173 Ratings, 66, 258-259. See also Self-
ratings Reaction time, 148 Reactive model (of stress), 19, 48 Reciprocal determinism. See
Determinism Recovery time/refractory period, 36,
119,124,134-136,176,316 Rejection, 69, 174,272 Relaxation, 94, 152-153, 174,237,244 Repression, 184-186, 193-197,
199-200,207,221-223,298 Repression-sensitization, 215-219,
225-227 Repressors, 160-161, 195,217,220,
224-226 Resistance. See Carrying capacity Resource availability, 12-13,70-76,81,
85, 88. See also Cost-benefit Respiration, 124, 158, 175 Retention, 123 Rhythms, natural, 22, 41 Rigidity, 214, 219 Risk factors, 13,88-89, 111, 121,237,
265-266, 270, 275 Rock-climbing, 142-146
SUBJECT INDEX
Role, 14,76, 167, 182,234,242 Role conflict/stress, 64, 255, 265-266,
274-276, 286
Sadness, 172, 176 Satisfaction, 118, 265 Schizophrenia, 284, 291 Scorn, 172 Self-acceptance, 324
compatibility, 17! concept, 123, 136, 243 confidence, 25, 233, 241, 246 consciousness, 246 control, 128, 152-153 deception, 182, 239 depreciation, 264 development, 122 efficacy, 70 esteem, 73,167,171-172,255,258,
261-262,273,277,311-312,315, 321-323
esteem/ threat to, 233, 237-239,
244-245, 248,311,325
evaluation, 262-268, 274-277 extending, 182, 234, 240-241 handicapping, 182,234,238-247 image. 246-247, 258, 321 instruction, 153-154 monitoring, 246-247 presentation, 166, 181 presentational view, 233-238,
243-249,320-321, 324 protecting strategies, 239, 243 ratings, 145-147. See also Self
evaluation regulatory systems, 217. See also
Systems relaxation, 42 report measures. See Questionnaires respect, 273 serving explanations, 182, 238-239
Selye, 21, 105 Selye model, 5--6, 47, 119 Sensation-seeking, 286 Sensitization, 174,207,217,221-223 Sensitizers, 160-161,215-217,220,
224-226 Sensory deprivation, 6-8 Sensory systems, 6, 23 Sex differences, 130, 162-163
SUBJECT INDEX
Shame. 173 Shock. 104 Situational {;lCtors. 210, 217 Skill, 209. 217 Skin resistance, 161-163 Sleep disorders, 74, 264 Social approval, :~ I, 246 Social desirability, 167,201-202,219 Social interactions, 27, 73, 76. 165,234,
247,278,286-288 Social psychological models, 283, 286 Social support, 12, 20, 43-44, 55.
72-76,255-258,262-264,268. 272-273,286-291.311-312,315, 321-325
Social system, 23-26, 42, 236, 311 Sociocultural. See Social system Socioeconomic status, 31, 76 Somatic activation, 128-129 Somato-specific causes, 99, 120-122 Spatial orientation, 148 Speaker states, 157-159 Sports, 141-144, 147-149, 154 State-Trait Anxiety II/tlm/ol) (STAJ),
244-245 Stimulus-evaluation checks (SEes),
169-171 Strain, 4.121-127, 136-137, 144. 153,
203-204 Stress
acute vs, chronic, 121 causal models of. 51 cognitive. See Cognitive theory of
stress environmental, 255. 285, 291 evaluative, 211. See IllIIJ Examinations "general impact" model of, 168 interactional view of, 118-120 leisure-time, 18H, 193, 197 mental, 99, 105 physical, 99, 119, I HH, 197 psychological/psychosocial, 3, 119,
188-197,200-202,244,255 social, 188, 193, 197,233 somatic. See Stress, physical su~jective, 127, 130, 136, 143, 186,
191-195 transfer of, 33, 41 vocal indicators of, 159
Stress concept, 3-4, 10, 19, 21, 121, 310, 318, 32:~
Stress control/management, 40 Stress cumulation. 313, 319 Stress dynamics. See Stress concept Stress effects, cumulative, 49-50 Stress feelings. See Stress, subjective "Stress ladder," 239 Stress measurement, 31 Stress mediation. See Mediation Stress moderation. See Moderation Stress perception, 186, 191 Stress proneness. See Vulnerability Stress research, 4, 47 Stress-seeking, 20, 54 Stress sensitivity, 137. See alm
Vulnerability
341
Stress susceptibility, 41. 311. See alia Vulnerability
Stress theory. 81,117,120, 168 Stress thresholds. 239 Stress vulnerability profiles, 13. See also
Vulnerability Stressors, 104-105, I H8, 278
cognitive vs. emotional, 160-164 potential, 19 provoking, 265
Subjective estimates, 82, 94, 305 Success, 85-86, 148-149,238.311 Suicidal ideas, 264 Support. See Social support Suppression, 199 Susceptibility. See Stress susceptibility Sympathetic adrenal-medullary system.
See Adrenal Symptoms, 29, 42. 66, 72, 289-290 System(s), 19, 22-23, 27, 41
Task requirements, 14. See a/so Demands
Tension, 32,123,126,158.175, 274-275
Terror, 173 Testing under load. See
Ergopsychometry Threat, 14,27,42,47,81, 103, Ill,
119,209,216,219-221,226, 236-237,241-243,256,259, 295-297, 304. 324
chronic, 49 Threat perception, 13,52.56-57, 106 Thyroid hormone, 132. See also
Hormones
342
Time (course)ltimingltimeliness, 15, 19, 27, 32, 36-38, 43, 55, 73-77, 85, 99, 124, 130, 136-137, 168, 186, 203,212,310-312,316-317, 324-327
Tolerance limits, 34 Trace elements, 122-123 Trade-offs, 93-94. See also Cost-benefit Training champions, 100, 147-154,314 Trait(s), 99, 207, 217-218, 245. See alw
Personality Trait-state anxiety model, 226, 243 Transaction. See Person-environment
transaction Transaction(al) model (of stress), 12, 19,
48,52,56,74,120,167,181 Trigger mechanisms. See Precipitating
factors Triglyceride, 126, 130-133 Triiodothyronine, 132 Trophotropic shift, 174 Trust, interpersonal, 73 "True prevalence," 283 Type A, 10, 111-113
Ulcers, 32 Uncertainty, 105-108, 188,316 Unconscious, 184
SUBJECT INDEX
Underload, 105 Unpredictability. See Uncertainty "Unwinding" after stress, III, 322
Values, 13,73,77 "Vanishing motivation type, " 145-147 Vasoconstriction, peripheral, 175 Vasopressin, 136 Victimization, 255, 287 Vigilance, 4, 108,214-217,221 Vocalization/voice, 99, 157-161, 174,
320 Vulnerability, II, 13, 19,24, L,4, 69,76,
255, 260-262, 265, 269-270, 273-278,286-289,310-312,317, 321-324
Well-being, 70, 73, 110, 122. See alm Health
Wishful thinking, 85-86 Withdrawal, 110 Work, 57,119,141,181,202 Work load/stress, 64, 107, 111-113, 183,
187, 190,201,209 Worry/worrying, 173, 244, 296, 299-30 I
Yerkes-Dodson Law, 153 Yoga, 42