Authored By Gary Woodsmall-DOR, Pete Kalisky-DOV, John Wsharp-DOTCreated 13-Nov-2001

Modifications By Lt Colonel Fred BlundellTX-129th Fort Worth Senior Squadron

Revision 6.0 11-Jan-2014For Local Training Only

This Training Slide Show is a project undertaken by Lt Colonel Fred Blundell of the TX-129 Fort Worth Senior Squadron, Fort Worth, TX for local use to

assist those CAP Members interested in advancing their skills. The information contained herein is for CAP Member’s personal use and is not intended to replace or be a substitute for any of the CAP National Training Programs. Users should review the presentation’s Revision Number at the

end of each file name to ensure that they have the most current publication.

Why A Triad?

• Triad is just a start – Ideally, include all of operations• Milk stool analogy – More legs make it safer / stronger• Synergistic effect• Keeps everyone informed and involved

Aircraft Mishap TrendsAircraft Mishap Trends

• Diminished margins of safety• Taxi into obstructions• Takeoff / Landing deficiencies• Hangar / tie-down carelessness• Fuel exhaustion• Maintenance

• Retain a high margin of safety• Make ground operations and basic flight proficiency

emphasis items• Promote good stewardship of our resources• Ensure pilots have the necessary flight planning / fuel

planning skills, knowledge of FARs and sound judgment

Puerto RicoAircraft Accident

• 26 Jan 02, C-172P, proficiency flight, two pilots• Clear, gusty winds, 5 minutes into flight, 1.5 NM offshore• Both pilots felt and heard a “snap” from the right side• Pilot elected to land straight ahead in a swamp• No Injuries, but substantial damage to aircraft• Inspection revealed failure at corroded portion of cable• Was anti-corrosion treatment properly applied?• Did pulley shield the cable?• Did paint stripper affect the cable?• NTSB faulted inadequate maintenance inspections.

Triad Implications

• Be prepared for anything• Consider unlikely scenarios• Develop a plan

Doylestown, PAAircraft Accident

• 26 Jan 02, C-172, NJ Cadet solo (28hrs, 1.3 solo)• Flight went well until taxiing back to pick up his instructor• Noticed a fuel truck parked on the taxiway and approximately 10

cadets walking across the taxiway• The pilot stopped the aircraft, allowed the cadets to cross and

proceeded to taxi by the fuel truck• The right wingtip clipped the truck’s side mirror and the aircraft

pivoted into the side of the truck – wing was substantially damaged• Could the cadets have been a distraction? Why were they on the

taxiway? Supervision?• NTSB faulted pilot for inadequate taxi clearance

Triad Implications

• Where’s the margin of safety?• How big is your bubble?• What is supervision?

Ocean City, NJAircraft Accident

• 24 Mar 02, C-172, proficiency sortie, two PA Wing pilots (PIC-132 hrs, copilot-279 hrs)

• Clear, winds 220/10G20, runway 24• PIC unfamiliar with right traffic – lost sight of runway – copilot given

control, breaks out and reenters left traffic• PIC takes control on final, but gets above glide slope• PIC relinquishes PIC status and copilot takes over• During landing, aircraft departs right side of runway and enters a

marsh - substantial damage to aircraft – no injuries• NTSB investigation continues

Triad Implications

• Copilot was forced to do a right seat landing. Possible factor?• Can you give up PIC status?• Was this PIC thoroughly trained and evaluated?

Edenton, NCAircraft Accident

• 17 Jul 02, C-172S, CD Mission, Three fatalities• Clockwise orbit, maneuvering < 500’, 10° flaps• During descent, witness heard sputtering• At ~120-150’, aircraft simultaneously nosed over vertically and

commenced a right half roll into the terrain• Focus on fuel servo• Recommend a review of AD# 2001-06-17 with “seasonal

adjustments”• Recommend review of Cessna SB01-11-02, revision to POH and

checklist concerning engine idle, idle mixture, hot weather ops / fuel vapor procedures in high DA

• NTSB investigation continues

Triad Implications

• Why not a forced landing?• Why so low?• Is the POH misleading?• Thought out, well-briefed emergency plan

Englewood, COAircraft Accident

• 21 Jul 02, C-182R, Runway 35, wind 030/09• Training while returning from SAREX• Pilot flying an ILS under the hood - CFI was safety pilot• Everything looked good at 300’ agl• Bounced, became airborne, drifted off left side of runway• Pilot added power and asked CFI to take over• CFI brought aircraft back to runway and landed• Nose and LMG collapsed – departed left side of runway• Damaged left wing, gear, tail and prop• NTSB investigation continues

Triad Implications

• IPs – How far is too far? • Trend analysis• Proficiency – professional volunteers

Mission, TXAircraft Accident

• 29 Jul 02, C-182Q, AF support mission• Tanks fueled to tabs (~66 gal) – flew 1.7hr preposition leg• Picked up three passengers – didn’t refuel due to passengers• Discussed low fuel at takeoff – thought gauges were wrong • Flew 2.5hrs to a field with no services – dropped off passengers• Took off again for a 30 min flight to an airport with fuel• Contacted tower as engine quit short of field• During emergency landing, hit a telephone utility box and berm• Aircraft flipped over – minor injuries• NTSB investigation continues

Triad Implications

• FUI• Quality flight planning?• Operations outside the familiar envelope

Lake City, TNAircraft Accident

• 10 Aug 02, Mountain Flying Clinic, VFR• Sortie followed half-day ground school• Practicing low, left-hand, steep turn, course reversals over

sloped terrain in a U-shaped valley• Left horizontal stabilizer struck a tree on top of ridge in a

nose down, left roll attitude• Continued down slope in a left, ~90° bank until coming to

rest on nose• Steep turn, course reversals considered an emergency

maneuver• Three fatalities

Triad Implications

• Load of straw• Personality types – Anti-authority, Macho?• Flight training discipline

Mobile, ALAircraft Accident

• 12 Aug 02, C-182, ELT mission, VMC conditions• Pilot, 75-years-old, Commercial Instrument, 4800 flight hours• Observer, 73-years-old• Planned a short field approach and landing• Collided with approach lighting short of runway• Added power and made it to the runway• Left horizontal stabilizer and nose wheel pant damaged• No injuries• NTSB investigation continues

Triad Implications

• Fly the aircraft• Crew coordination• Ask

New Roads, LAAircraft Accident

• 31 Aug 02, Cadet Orientation mission, C-182, VMC• Pilot, 45-years-old, Commercial/CFI, 985 flight hours• Full-flap approach, 60 knots, stall horn, sink rate• Power added – Too little, too late• Landed hard, 40’ short of runway• No injuries• Landing gear, prop and firewall damaged• NTSB investigation continues

Southeast Region Conference 2002

Triad Implications

• Landing proficiency is important!

Mocksville, NCAircraft Accident

• 10 Sep 02, CAPF5 checkride, VMC• 68-year-old private pilot (examinee) with 398 hours• 47-year-old CFI (check pilot) with 971 hours• Forced landing practice to a touch & go landing• Direct crosswind 10-14 knots on 2943’ x 50’ runway• Steep approach, long landing• Trees listed as hazards on both ends of runway• Witnesses say aircraft stalled and collided with trees• Aircraft substantially damaged – pilots seriously injured• NTSB investigation continues

Southeast Region Conference 2002

Triad Implications

• Judgment• Go-arounds – a great option• ROE during instruction or checkride

Where do wego from here?

• A real commitment to safety from everyone• Talking the talk without walking the walk won’t work• We need to truly care about our people and

equipment• Continual emphasis – without blood priority• Don’t look to others without taking action yourself• Crosstell solutions – Publicize success stories• Disciplined behavior in all we do• Prepare your people with knowledge & skill (training)• Manage risk with ORM• STOP the tragic loss of life

Questions?

Always Think Safety!