author(s): university of michigan medical school, department of cell … · 2016-10-05 · the...
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Author(s): University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology License:Unless otherwise noted, the content of this course material is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3.0 License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
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CellsandTissuesSequenceMedicalHistology
IntegumentarySystem,Glands/mammarygland
Fall,2008
CellandDevelopmentalBiology
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TheIntegument
1.Skin: EpidermisandDermisHypodermis(a.k.a.superficialfascia)2.Appendages:SpecializationofepidermisA.Pilosebaceousapparatus
HairSebaceousglandsArrectopilimuscle
B.Sweatglands EccrinesweatglandsApocrine(odoriferous)sweatglands
C. Nail
“Mammarygland”
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Theskinconsistsofepidermisanddermis
andisthelargestorganinthebody,
accountingforabout16%ofthebodyweight.
UMMedicalSchoolAnatomyLaboratoryManual
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Functionsofskin
1.Protection(fromabrasion,friction,infection,UVrays)Keratin,melanin
2.PermeabilityBarrier(preventionofextremewaterloss)Keratin,lipid,sebum
3.ThermoregulationSweatglands,bloodvessels,fat
4.SensoryPerceptionFreeandencapsulatednerveendings
5.ImmunologicDefenseKeratinocytes,Langerhanscells
6.Dermatoglyphics(fingerprints)
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SkinEpidermis:Keratinized,strat.sq.epithelium
Dermis:Denseirregularct.TypeIIIandTypeIcollagenElasticfibers
SweatGlands:EccrineandApocrineglands
Hypodermis(superficialfascia):Fattyconn.Tissue
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
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CellsoftheEpidermis
Keratinocytes(80%)Melanocytes(5-10%)Langerhanscells(5%)Merkelcells(<1%)
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
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CellularLayersoftheEpidermis
Dermis
Epidermis Epidermis
DermisMichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection Weiss,L.,CellandTissueBiology6thed.P.543
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CellsoftheStratumBasaleSt.Spinosum
St.Basale
Dermis
Source Undetermined
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Stratumspinosum
Source Undetermined
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BlisteringSkinDisorders
Pemphigus:Separationofepidermalcellsfromeachother(acantholysis)causedbylossofdesmosomefunctions.
Bullouspemphigoid:Separationofepidermisfromthedermisduetoblisteringinthebasementmembranecausedbylossofanchoringfilamentsandhemidesmosomes.
Source Undetermined
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StratumGranulosumKeratohyalinGranules(KG) Histidine-richprotein(filaggrin:filamentaggregating
proteinthatcross-linkskeratin) PolysaccharidesandlipidsMembrane-coatinggranules(MCG) (a.k.a.lamellargranules,Odlandbodies) Primaryintercellularlipidbarriertowater-ceramidecross-linkscellmembranes.
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KeratohyalinGranules
Weiss,L.,CellandTissueBiology6thed.P.549
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MembraneCoatingGranulesPrimaryintercellularbarriertowater
Weiss,CellandTissueBilogy6thed.P.547
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Stratumcorneum
15-20layersofnon-nucleatedflattenedcellsfilledwithkeratainfilaments.
Keratinfilamentsarecross-linkedwithfilaggrin.
Thekeratin-filaggrindepositedontheinsideoftheplasmamembraneformathickenedcellenvelope.
Source Undetermined
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Thickandthinskin
Bluearrows:CellsofthestratumgranulosumSource Undetermined
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Melanocytes
SkincolorRedbloodcellsinthedermalvascularbeds.Carotenesfromexogenousfoodsstoredinfattytissues.Hemoglobinandbilirubin(endogenousdegradationproducts).Melanin(pigmentproducedbymelanocytes)
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Melanocytes(neuralcrestorigin)
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection Rhodin,Histology,pp.485
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MelanocytesproduceMelanin
Melanin: Eumelanin Pheomelanin Tyrosinase(deficiency:albinism)Tyrosine 3,4-dihydroxyphenyalanine(dopa) dopaquinone Melanin
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Epidermal-
melaninunit
Cytocrinesecretion
Source Undetermined
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Ross/Romrell,Histology2nded.P.356
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Pigmentdistributioninlight(left)anddark(right)skin
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
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Merkel’scell Langerhanscell
Bonemarrowderived
Bind,processandpresentantigentoT-lymphocytes
Roleinimmunologicskinreactions.
Fawcett,Histology,pp.536
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ProliferationandMaturationofEpithelialCells
Source Undetermined
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Psoriasis
Source Undetermined
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Dermis
PapillaryDermisReticularDermis
Containsbloodandlymphaticvessels,nerves,hairfollicles,sebaceousglands,arrectopilimuscle,andsweat(eccrineandapocrine)glands
Hypodermis(superficialfasciawithfatcells)
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EpithelialPegsandDermalPapillae
Source Undetermined Source Undetermined
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Papillary(PL)andReticular(RL)Dermis
TypeIIICollagen
TypeICollagen
Elasticfibers(EF)
Source Undetermined
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PapillaryDermishousesbloodvessels,nerveendings,etc.
Epidermis
Papillarydermis
Reticulardermis
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection SourceUndetermined
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Dermisandskincirculation WheaterFig.9.18
Wheater 9.18
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Pilosebaceousapparatus
hair,sebaceousglandandarrectopilemuscle
hair
Sebaceousgland
Arrectopilemuscle
Swaetgland
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
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(A)
(D)
(B,C)
Hairfollicle:hairbulbandhairshaft
Ross/Romrell,Histology2nded.P.361
Young/HeathWheater’sHistology4thed.P.167
SourceUndetermined
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GrowthCycleoftheHairFollicle
testosterone
5αdihydrotestosterone,
whichbindstheintracellularreceptorsandInhibitsthemetabolismofcondemnedfollicles.
5α-reductase(?)
Weiss, pg. 562
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Pilo-sebaceousApparatus
Source Undetermined
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HolocrineSecretionSource Undetermined
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ModeofSecretionMerocrine(Exocytosis)Almostallexocrineglands,includingeccrineandapocrinesweatglands.
Apocrine(somepartsofcellsaresecreted)Mammaryglands(lipidsecretion)
Holocrine(wholecellsaresecreted)Sebaceousglands
Source Undetermined
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Hairfollicleandit’sassociatedstructures
Tsaitgaist,,Wikipedia
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EccrineSweatGlands
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
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EccrineSweatGland
Secretoryportion
Secretoryportion
Ducts
Myoepithelialcells
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
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MyoepithelialCells
Source Undetermined
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ApocrineSweatGlands
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
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ApocrineSweatGlands
Myoepithelialcells
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
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SecretoryPortionsofEccrineandApocrineSweatGlands
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
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Source Undetermined
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GlandularLobulesandLobesManyLobulesformaLobe.
Source Undetermined
Adapted and modified from Leson TS, Leson CR, Paparo AA: Text/Atlas of Histology. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1988
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US Federal Government Gray’s Anatomy, Wikimedia Commons
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ChangeinMammaryGlandAlveoliandDucts
Inactive:Noalveoliandundifferentiatedterminalducts.
Active(duringpregnancy):Proliferationanddifferentiationofalveoli.
Active(lactating):Secretionofmilkandaccumulationinalveolarlumen.
Source Undetermined
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Inactivegland(left):Lobulesarearrangedsparselyandeachlobuleconsistsofmainlybluntlyendingductswithnosecretoryalveoli.Activegland(right):Lobulesarewelldevelopedandpackthegland.Ineachlobule,secretoryalveolihaveformedandtheirlumensarehighlydilated.
Inactiveandactivemammaryglands
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection(allimages)
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Thestromaofthemammarygland
Lactiferousduct
Lobule
Theloose,morecellularandlessfibrous,intralobularconnectivetissuemakesthestromadistensibleforthehypertrophyoftheepithelialelementsanddifferentiationofthealveoli.Numerousplasmacells(arrowsabove),whichappearintheintralobularconnectivetissueduringpregnancyandlactation,produceimmunoglobulinIgA.IgAistakenupbytheepithelialcells,secretedinthemilk,andtransportedtotheinfant’sintestinewheretheantibodiesresistbacterialinfection.
IntralobularCT
InterlobularCT
Source Undetermined
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
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Theantibodiesresistentericinfections.
Image of mother breastfeeding
infant antibodies removed
Source Undetermined
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Nipple-Lactiferousducts15-20independentlactiferousducts,eachdrainingoneofthelobesofthegland,openatthetipofthenipple.Withinthenipple,eachductisslightlydilatedtoformalactiferoussinus(inset).Lactiferousducts
Gray’s Anatomy, Wikimedia Commons
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
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#265(nipple)Lactiferousducts
Thelactiferousductislinedbyasuperficiallayerofcuboidalepithelialcellsandabasallayerofmyoepithelialcells(arrows).
MichiganMedicalSchoolHistologySlideCollection
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LearningObjectives
• Beabletoidentifyprincipallayersoftheskin(epidermis,dermisandhypodermis)atthelightmicroscopelevelandknowthemajorfunctionsofeachlayer.
• Beabletoidentifythestrataoftheepidermisinthickandthinskinandknowthemajorcellulareventsthattakeplaceineachlayerintheprocessofkeratinization.
• Beabletoidentifythecellsindifferentlayeroftheepidermisattheelectronmicroscopelevelbyrecognizingcharacteristicorganellesandstructurespresentineachlayer.
• Beabletorecognizemelanocytesandknowtheprocessofpigmentformationintheskin.
• Beabletoidentifyeccrineandapocrinesweatglandsatthelightmicroscopelevelanddistinguishductalandsecretoryportions.
• Beabletoidentifythecomponentsofthepilosebacousapparatusandknowthestructuralrelationshipbetweeneachcomponentandtheepidermis.
• Beabletoidentifythemammarygland,byrecognizingitsstructuralcomponents(lactiferousducts,alveoli,lobules,thestromalconnectivetissue),andknowthehistologicaldifferencesinactiveandinactiveglands.
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AdditionalSourceInformationformoreinformationsee:http://open.umich.edu/wiki/CitationPolicy
Slide 5: UM Medical School Anatomy Laboratory Manual Slide 7: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
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Slide 9: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection ; Source Undetermined
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Slide 31: Wheater 9.18
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Slide 34: Weiss, pg. 562 Slide 35: Source Undetermined
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Slide 36: Source Undetermined Slide 37: Source Undetermined
Slide 38: Tsaitgaist, Wikipeda, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hair_follicle-en.svg
Slide 39: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
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Slide 44: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection ; Source Undetermined
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Slide 46: Adapted and modified from Leson TS, Leson CR, Paparo AA: Text/Atlas of Histology. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1988; Source Undetermined Slide 47: Gray’s Anatomy, Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dissected_lactating_breast_gray1172.png;
U.S. Federal Government
Slide 48: Source Undetermined
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Slide 50: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection ; Source Undetermined Slide 51: Source Undetermined;
Slide 52: Gray’s Anatomy, Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dissected_lactating_breast_gray1172.png;
Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
Slide 53: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection