MIPSTARMALE’S,MALDIVES

TOPIC PRESENTED BY: KUNNAMPALLIL GEJO JOHN, MASLP,AUDIOLOGIST AND SPEECH LANGUAGE PATHOLOGIST

AUTISMWORLD AUTISM AWARENESS

DAY 2ND APRIL

WHAT IS AUTISM?

• AUTISM IS A COMPLEX DISORDER, WHICHDIVERT , DETERIORATE AND VANISHINBORN/INNATE CAPACITY OF HUMANBRAIN.

• HOWEVER, SOME HAVE VERY SUPERIORSKILLS IN A CERTAIN TASK

• IT ALSO TERMINATING THE LEARNINGCAPACITY OF HUMAN BRAIN.MOREOVER, AUTISM DIMINISHES THEBEHAVIOR AND LOSING THE QUALITY OFPERSONALITY.

• SOME AUTISTICS DIVERSE THEIR THOUGHTSINTO SUPERNATURAL WORLD AND FINALLYTHEY ARE EXPERTISE IN A PARTICULAR TASK.

• First described by Leo

Kanner in 1943 as early

infantile autism

ACCORDING TO DSM 4 REVISED VER.

• QUALITATIVE IMPAIRMENT IN SOCIALINTERACTION

• QUALITATIVE IMPAIRMENT IN SOCIALCOMMUNICATION

• RESTRICTED REPETITIVE AND STEREOTYPEDPATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR, INTERESTS, ANDACTIVITIES

• (A) Qualitative impairment in social interaction

• Impairments in the use of multiple nonverbalbehaviors , eye-to-eye gaze, facialexpression, body posture, and gestures toregulate social interaction.

• Failure to develop peer relationships

• A lack of spontaneous seeking to shareenjoyment, interests,

• A lack of social or emotional reciprocity.

• (B) Qualitative impairments in communication

• Delay in or total lack of, the development ofspoken language

• Stereotyped and repetitive use of languageor idiosyncratic language.

• Lack of varied, spontaneous make-believeplay or social imitative play.

• (C) Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities,

• More stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus.

• Apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals.

• Stereotyped and repetitive motormannerisms (e.g. Hand or finger flapping ortwisting, or complex whole-bodymovements).

• Persistent preoccupation with parts ofobjects.

• II. Delays or abnormal functioning, with onset prior to age 3 years:

• (A) Social interaction.

• (B) Language is used in social communication.

• (C) Symbolic or imaginative play.

• Prevalence is 2-6/1000 individuals(1/2 to 1 ½ million affected)

• 4 times more prevalent in boys

• No known racial, ethnic, or socialboundaries

CHARACTERISTICS

• 1. Communication/Language

• 2. Social Interaction

• 3. Behaviors

• 4. Sensory and movement disorders

• 5. Resistance to change (predictability)

• 6. Intellectual functioning

Communication/language

• Broad range of abilities, from no verbalcommunication to quite complex skills (nonverbal mode)

Two common impairments:

• A. Delayed language

• B. Echolalia

• 50% of autistic individuals will eventually haveuseful speech (?)

• Pronoun reversal: “You want white icing onchocolate cake.”

• Difficulty in conversing easily with others

• Difficulty in shifting topics

• Look away; poor eye contact

ECHOLALIA

• Common in very young children (Age 3)

• Immediate or delayed (even years)

• Is there communicative intent withecholalia?

SOCIAL INTERACTION• One of hallmarks of autism is lack of social

interaction

• 1. Impaired use of nonverbal behavior

• 2. Lack of peer relationships

• 3. Failure to spontaneously share enjoyment, interests, etc. with others

• 4. Lack of reciprocity

• Theory of mind?

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PARENTS• Does your child enjoy being tickling

games, hug, bounced on your toe?

• Does your child take an interest in other children to sharing things?

• Does your child have inability to relate to others?

• Does your child like climbing on stairs, window bars, jumping?

• Does your child enjoy playing turn taking play like hide and seek?

• Does your child ever pretend like role of mamma, to talk on the phone?

• Does your child ever use his or her index finger to point, to ask for something like water, food?

• Does your child ever play properly with toys (e.g., cars, rings or bricks) without just mouthing, fiddling or dropping them?

• Does your child play inappropriate way with toys?

• Does your child ever bring objects/ toys over to you (parent) to show you something?

• Does your child look you in the eye for more than a two to three second?

• Does your child ever seem oversensitive to noise (plugging ears when strangers speaking situation/ switch on the grinder)?

• Does your child smile in response to your face or strangers face (smile)?

• Does your child have poor speech or lack of speech?

• Does your child have difficulty in expressing needs?

• Does your child have inappropriate attachment to objects?

• Does your child imitate you (making faces, combing hair)?

• Does your child respond to his/her name when you call?

• Does your child walk?

• Does your child sit in a particular place?

• Does your child laugh / cry inappropriate way?

• Does your child look at particular things you are looking at?

• Does your child play with images/ shadows?

• Have you ever wondered if your child has hearing loss?

• Does your child understand what people say?

• Does your child sometimes stare at nothing or wander with no purpose?

• Does your child look at your face to check your reaction when faced with something unfamiliar?

• Does your child have difficulty dealing with changes to routine?

• Does your child have lack of awareness of dangers?

• Does your child have the habit of smelling (cloths, food, objects)?

• Does your child make echoes word or phrases?

• Does your child have habit of spinning objects or self?

CONSULT • PEDIATRICIAN OR PHYSICIAN

• PSYCHOLOGIST / PSYCHIATRIST

• SPEECH LANGUAGE PATHOLOGIST

• AUDIOLOGIST

• NEUROLOGIST

• OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST

• PHYSIO / PHYSICAL THERAPIST

• MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM.

INTERVENTION METHODS/APPROACH

• Applied Behavioral Analysis(ABA)

• Discrete Trial Teaching/Training(DTT)

• Pivotal Response Treatment(PRT)

• Verbal Behavior(VB)

• Early Start Denver Model (ESDM)

• Floortime / Developmental IndividualDifference Relationship Model (DIR)

• Relationship Development Intervention (RDI)

• Training and Education of Autistic andRelated Communication HandicappedChildren (TEACCH)

• Makaton.