auto cad

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KAKINADA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES

KAKINADA INISTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES(AFFILIATED TO JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, KAKINADA)

RAMACHANDRAPURAM

AUTOCAD LAB

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOCAD

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DRAWING AND MODIFYING OBJECTSAutocad is a drafting/modeling software used all over the world by almost all manufacturing companies. It is a variable software which can be used in all engineering divisions. It is a drafting version popularly known to everyone associated with mechanical engineering. The Autocad drawing enables the designer to communicate his ideas to the outside of department easily. START AND SAVE A DRAWINGWhen you start a drawing, you specify the type of units and other settings you can also choose how to save your files, including saving back up files. The settings you select, English a metric determines default values used formany system variables of controlling text dimensions, grid, snap and default line type and hatch pattern life.ENGLISH METRICCreates a new drawing based on metric measurement. The drawing is based on ocadiso.dwt template. Save drawing files for later use.CONTROL THE VIEWSYou can magnify the details in your drawing for a closer view or shift the view to a different part of the drawing. If you can save the view by name, you can restore them later. UNITSEvery object is measured in units. In AutoCAD we can determine the value of the units before we draw.LIMITSThe drawing limits are two-dimensional points in the world coordinate that represent a lower-left limit and an upper right limit. You cannot impose limits on the Z direction.ABSOLUTE COORDINATE SYSTEMIn Absolute Coordinate System, the dimensions X and Y of a point is specified with reference to the origin (0,0).RELATIVE COORDINATE SYSTEMIn Relative Coordinate System, the dimensions X and Y of a point are specified with respect to the last entered point (ie) the last enter point is taken as origin.POLAR COORDINATE SYSTEMIn Polar Coordinate System, the dimensions of a point are specified by using a distance and angle with reference to the previous point. Angles are measured in anticlockwise direction, taking 0 degrees towards right.LINELine command allows you to create a line where the end points are specified by two dimensional or three dimensional coordinates.POLYLINEPLINE command allows you to draw line and arc segments, but from start to end, it is treated as a sing object. With PLINE command, you can draw objects even with line width. ARCThe ARC command allows you to create an arc segment. There are different methods of creating an arc. The different methods of creating an arc are:

1)3 Points 2)Centre, Start, Radius 3)Start, Centre, End 4)Start, Centre, Angle 5)Start, Centre, Length 6)Start, End, Angle 7)Start, End, Direction8)Start, End, Radius

CIRCLEThe CIRCLE command allows you to create a circle. There are four different methods for drawing circles. They are:Centre, Radius/Centre, Diameter3 Points (3P), 2 Points (2P)Tangent, Tangent, Radius (ttr)POLYGON

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Polygon command creates a regular polygon. You must specify the number of sides of the polygon and whether it is Inscribed or Circumscribed polygon. Now,specify the centre and radius of the polygon circle.OSNAPOsnaps allow you to snap onto a specific object location when you are picking a point. For example, using Osnaps you can accurately pick the end point of a line or the center of a circle.ERASEThis command is used for deleting unwanted objects. You must select the object to be erased. COPYThe copy command is used for making copies of selected objects. The object to be copied must be selected and the base point must be specified and the copy can be dragged and placed at the required position.MOVEThis command is used for moving selected objects. The object to be moved must be selected and its base point must be specified then we can drag it to the required location.ROTATEThis command is used for rotating selected objects. To rotate an object, first select it and specify a base point. Now enter an angle value or specify a second point to rotate the object. Entering a positive angle value rotates the objects counterclockwise or clockwise, depending on the Direction Contorl Control setting and Drawing Units dialog box. The plane of rotation and the direction of the zero angle depend on the orientation of the user coordinate system.MIRRORThe MIRROR command is used for creating mirror images of selected objects.You must first select the object to be mirrored and then specify the axis along which it is mirrored, to create an mirror image of the selected object.This is a very useful command for drawing symmetrical objects about a particular axis.OFFSETOffset an object to create a new object whose shape parallels the shape of the original object. Offsetting a circle or an arc creates a larger or smaller circle or arc, depending on which side you specify for the offsetPOLAR ARRAYThis command creates an array of the selected object around a centre point.You must specify the centre point of the array, the total number of items and the angle to fill for creating a polar array.RECTANGULAR ARRAYThis command creates an array of the selected objects defined by the number of rows and columns and the offset between them.EXTENDThe EXTEND command elongates the selected objects to a specified boundary.TRIMThe TRIM command trims off an object using cutting edges defined by other objects. Here the user is required to select object(s) to define cutting edge(s) then select the object to be trimmed, the selected side of the object is removed based on the side of selection of the object to be trimmed relative to the cutting edge.BREAKThe BREAK commands is used to remove only parts of an object. You must specify the first and second points between which the object must be deleted.FILLETFILLET rounds of the edges of two arcs, circles, elliptical arcs, lines,polylines, rays, splines or xlines with an arc of a specified radius. Rounds along the edges cannot be created with zero radiusCHAMFER

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CHAMFER command draws a line at the corner between two selected lines. If the lines do not intersect, it extends the lines. If they intersect, the lines extending beyond the chamfer line can be trimmed or left as it is, by the trim mode.LENGTHENThe LENGTHEN command is used to increase/decrease the length of AutoCAD objects.DIVIDEThis command places evenly spaced point objects or blocks along the length or perimeter of an object. You can select only one entity at a time to be divided. The entities that can be selected are: line, arc, circle, polyline and spline.ZOOM ALLThis zoom to display the entire drawing in the current viewport. The display shows all the entities even if the drawing extends outside the drawing limits.ZOOM WINDOWZOOM WINDOW commands to display an area specified by two diagonally opposite corner points of a rectangle window.ZOOM EXTENTSThis zoom to display the drawing extents. If the drawings are small in the existing limits, then there is an enlarging effect on the screen. If the drawing occupy the complete area of the limits, then there are many not be much difference between ZOOM ALL and ZOOM EXTENTS.DIMLINEARThis command specifies the linear distance between two selected points. DIMALIGNEDThis command is used for specifying the linear distance (exact dimensional value) between two points which are inclined at an angle.DIMANGULARThis command is used for obtaining the angle two selected points. The threetypes are:1)Arc Selection 2)Circle Selection 3)Line Selection 4)Three Point SelectionDIMRADIUSThis command gives the value of radius of the specified circle, arc or fillet. A radial dimension consists of a radius dimension line with an arrowhead at the arc or circle end.DIMCENTERThis command marks the centre point of the selected arc or circle. The center mark cannot be updated, so set the required style before executing this command.LINETYPELINETYPE greatly improves the readability of technical drawings. You can make important features stand out with bold line weights.LAYERLayer is an organizing tool. Layers are like one, where you can keep various types of information. It’s always a good idea to keep notes and reference symbols about each element of the drawing as well as drawing dimensions on a new layer. DISTANCE This command lists the distance between the selected points and also lists out the angle in current plane and 3D angle from the current plane, based on the direction of picking the two points. It also lists the projected lengths on the three axes called the delta length.TEXTTEXT command creates text objects with specified height and orientation.Text objects can be created with a variety of character patterns call style. This command allows you to type a single line or multiple lines of text.MTEXT

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MTEXT creates paragraph that fit within a nonprinting text boundary. The user specified text boundary determines the width of the paragraph and the justification of the text within the paragraph. Each multiline text object is a single object, regardless of the number of lines it contains.HATCHHatches are shaded pattern which generally represent cross-section of a mechanical component. Using BHATCH command the required area, type of hatch,hatch angle and scale can be specified.PROPERTIESThe PROPERTIES command displays the Properties palette. The Properties palette is the main method for viewing and modifying the properties of AutoCAD objects.VPORTSViewports are areas that display different views of your model. As you work on the Model tab, you can split the drawing area into one or more adjacent rectangular views known as model space viewports. In large or complex drawings, displaying different views reduces the time needed to zoom or pan in a single view. Also, errors you might miss in one view may be apparent in the others.EXTRUDESolids can be created by extruding selected objects. Use the EXTRUDE command to create a solid or surface from a common profile of an objectREVOLVEREVOLVE command can create a solid or surface by revolving open or closed objects about an axis. The revolved objects define the profile of the solid or surface.

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Exp: No: 1AIM: To draw a line diagram using Absolute coordinate method, follow the steps mentioned belowSOFTWARE REQUIRED: - AUTOCAD 2010 COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS, ZOOM, LINE. PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed… Command: LIMITS Reset model space limits:

Specify lower left corner: (0, 0) Specify upper right corner <12.0000, 9.0000>120, 90Command: ZOOM Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nxp), or [All/centre/dynamic/extents/previous/scale/window] <real time :>: all Regarding modelCommand: LINE Specify first point: 20, 20 Specify next point or [undo]:100, 20 Specify next point or [undo]:100, 50 Specify next point or [close/undo]: 90, 50 Specify next point or [close/undo]: 85, 65 Specify next point or [close/undo]: 75, 65 Specify next point or [close/undo]: 70, 50 Specify next point or [close/undo]: 50, 50 Specify next point or [close/undo]: 50, 65 Specify next point or [close/undo]: 30, 65 Specify next point or [close/undo]: 30, 50 Specify next point or [close/undo]: 20, 50 Specify next point or [close/undo]: CSave this file as MODULE 26.1DWG Precautions: 1. Limits should be given before drawing the object. 2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only. 3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.RESULT:

Hence by using auto cad 2010 2D commands we have drawn the object model.

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Exp: No: 2AIM: To draw a line diagram using relative coordinate method, follow the steps mentioned below.SOFTWARE USED: AutoCAD desk 2010COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS, ZOOM, LINE. PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed… Command: LIMITS Reset model space limits: Specify lower left corner or [on/off] <0.0000, 0.0000>: Specify upper right corner <12.0000, 9.0000>: 120, 90Command: ZOOM Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nx or nxp), or [All/centre/dynamic/extents/previous/scale/window]<real time Regenerating methodCommand: LINE Specify first point: 20, 20 Specify next point or [undo]:@0, 30 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-10, 0 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-5, 15 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-20, 0 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@0, 15 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-20, 0 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-10, 0 Specify next point or [close/undo]: CSave this file as Exp-2Precautions: 1. Limits should be given before drawing the object. 2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only. 3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.RESULT: Hence by using auto cad 2010 2D commands we have drawn the object model.

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Exp: No: 3AIM: To draw a line diagram using polar coordinates method.SOFTWARE USED: AutoCAD desk 2010COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS, ZOOM, LINE. PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed… Command: LIMITS Reset model space limits specify lower left corner or [on/off] <0.0000,0.0000>: Specify upper right corner <12.0000, 9.0000>: 120, 90Command: ZOOM Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nx or nxp), or [All/centre/dynamic/extents/previous/scale/window] <Real-time>: all Regenerating model.Command: LINE Specify first point: 20, 20 Specify next point or [undo]:@80<0 Specify next point or [undo]:@30<90 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@10<180 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@15<108 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@10<180 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@15<252 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@20<180 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@14.27<90 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@20<180 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@14.27<270 Specify next point or [close/undo]:@10.73<180 Specify next point or [close/undo]: CSave this file as Exp-3Precautions: 1. Limits should be given before drawing the object. 2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only. 3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.RESULT: Hence by using auto cad 2010 2D commands we have drawn the object model.

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Exp: No: 4AIM: To draw the line diagram using circle, offset, trim and fillet commands.SOFTWARE USED: AutoCAD desk 2010COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS, ZOOM, LINE, CIRCLE, OFFSET, TRIM AND FILLET. PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed…

{Switch on polar switch by mouse click or press F10 key}Command: LIMITS Reset model space limits: Specify lower left corner or [on/off] <0.0000, 0.0000>; Specify upper right corner <12.0000, 9.0000>:120, 90Command: zoom Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nxp), or [All/centre/dynamic/extents/precious/scale/window] <Real time>: allCommand: LINE Specify first point: 20, 20 Specify next point or [undo]:90 Specify next point or [undo]:20 Specify next point or [close/undo]:90 Specify next point or [close/undo]: cCommand: OFFSET Specify offset distance or [through] <through>:35 Select object to offset or <exit> :( select line L1) Select point on side to offset :( click mouse above line L1) Select object to offset or<exit>:Command: CIRCLE Specify centre point for circle or [3p/2p/Ttr(tan tan radius)]: (select MIDPOINT magnet of L3) Specify diameter of circle: 40Command: CIRCLE Specify centre point for circle or [3p/2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:( select MIDPOINT magnet of L3) Specify radius of circle or [diameter] <20.0000>: D Specify diameter of circle <40.0000>:20Command: LINE Specify first point :( select 0degress quadrant magnet Q1 of Ø40 circle) Specify next point or [undo]:(select perpendicular magnet on line L2) Specify next point or [undo]:Command: LINE Specify first point :( select 180degress quadrant magnet Q2 of Ø 40circle) Specify next point or [undo]:(select perpendicular magnet on line L2) Specify next point or [undo]:Command: OFFSET Specify offset distance or [THROUGH]<35.0000>:8 Specify object to offset or <exist>: (select line L1)

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Specify point on side to offset :( click mouse above line L1) select object to offset or <exist>:Command: OFFSET Specify offset distance or (through) <8.0000>:25 Select object to offset or <exist>: (select line L6) Specify point on side to offset :( click mouse on right side on line L6) Select object to offset or <exist>: (select line L7) Select point on side to offset :( click mouse on left side of line L7) Select the object to offset or <exist>:Command: TRIM Current settings: projections=UCS, edge=none Select cutting edges Select object :( select line L4) Select object :( select line L5) Select objects: Select the object to trim or shift-select to extent or [project/edge/undo/] :( select line L2 from circle portion) Select object to trim or shift-select to extent or [project/edge/undo]:Command: TRIM Current setting: projections=UCS, edge=none Select cutting edges..... select object: (select line L9) Select object: (select line L10) Select objects: Select object to trim or shift-select to extent or [project/edge/undo]:(select line L1 from arrow head) Select object to trim or shift-select to extent or [project/edge/undo]:Command: FILLET Current setting: mode=trim, radius=0.0000 Select first object or [polyline\radius/trim]:(select line L8 from arrow head) Select second object :( select line L10 from arrow head)Command: FILLET Current setting:mode=trim, radius=2.5000 Select first object or [polyline/radius/trim]:(select line L8 from arrow head) Select second object :( select line L9 from arrow head)Command: FILLET Current setting: mode=trim, radius=2.50000 Select first object or [polyline /radius/trim]: R Specify fillet radius <2.500>:5 Select first object or [polyline/radius/trim]:(select line L4 from arrow head) Select second object: (select line L11 from arrow head)Command: FILLET Current setting: mode=trim, radius=5.0000 Select first object or [plyline/radius/trim]: (select line L5 FROM ARROW HEAD) Select second object: (select line L2 from arrow head)

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Command: FILLET Current settings: mode=trim, radius=5.0000 Select first object or [polyline/radius/trim]:(select line L11 from arrow head) Select second object :( select line L12 from arrow head)Command: FILLET Current setting:mode=trim, radius=5.0000 Select first object or [polyline/radius/trim]:(select line L2 from arrow head) Save this file as Exp-4Precautions: 1. Limits should be given before drawing the object. 2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only. 3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.RESULT: Hence by using auto cad 2010 2D commands we have drawn the object model.

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Exp: No: 5AIM: To generate 3d solid box using box command as per figSOFTWARE USED: AutoCAD desk 2010COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS, ZOOM, Vpoint, ISOLINES, BOX, SHADEMODE.PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed… Command: Vpoint Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000, 0.0000, 1.0000 Specify a view point or [rotate]<display compass and tripod>;1,-1,1 Regenerating model Command: ISOLINES Enter new value for isolines <4>:16Command: BOX Specify first corner or [cEntre]:0, 0, 0 Specify other corner or [cube/length]: L Specify length: 8 Specify width: 8 Specify height or [2point]:4Command: SHADEMODE Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dhidden/ Realistic/conceptual/other]<conceptual>:HSave this file as 3DBOX SOLIDPrecautions: 1. Limits should be given before drawing the object. 2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only. 3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.RESULT: Hence by using auto cad 2010 3D commands we have drawn the object model.

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Exp: No: 6

AIM: To generate 3D solid cylinder using cylinder command as per fig.SOFTWARE USED: AutoCAD desk 2010COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS ZOOM, Vpoint, ISOLINES, CYLINDER, and SHADEMODE.PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed… Command: VPOINT Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000, 0.0000, 1.0000 Specify a view point or [rotate]<display compass and tripod>:1,-1,1 Regenerating viewCommand: ISOLINES Enter new value for isolines <4>:16Command: CYLINDER Specify centre point of base or [3p/2p/Ttr/ellipitical]: 0, 0,0 Specify base radius or [diameter]:4 Specify height or [2points/axis endpoint]:8Command: SHADEMODE Enter an option [2d wireframe/3dwireframe/3dhidden/Realistic/conceptual/other] <conceptual>: HSave this file as 3D CYLINDER SOLIDPrecautions: 1. Limits should be given before drawing the object. 2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only. 3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.RESULT: Hence by using auto cad 2010 3D commands we have drawn the object model.

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Exp: No: 7AIM: To generate 3d solid cone using cone command as per figSOFTWARE USED: AutoCAD desk 2010COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS ZOOM, Vpoint, ISOLINES, CONE, and SHADEMODE.PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed… Command: VPOINT Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000, 0.0000, 1.0000 Specify a view point or rotate <display compass and tripod>:1,-1, 1 Regenerating modelCommand: ISOLINES Enter new value for isolines <4>:16Command: CONE Specify centre point of base or [3p/2p/Ttr/ellipitical]:0,0,0 Specify base radius or [diameter]:6 Specify height or [2point/axis endpoint/top radius]:8 [When curser is above xy plane]Command: SHADEMODE Enter an option [2dwireframe /3dwireframe /3dhidden/ realistic/conceptual /other] <conceptual >: HSave this file as 3DCONESOLIDPrecautions: 1. Limits should be given before drawing the object. 2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only. 3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.RESULT: Hence by using auto cad 2010 3D commands we have drawn the object model.

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Exp: No: 8AIM: To generate 3d solid torus using TORUS command as per figSOFTWARE USED: AutoCAD desk 2010COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS ZOOM, Vpoint, ISOLINES, TORUS, and SHADEMODE.PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed… Command: VPOINT Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000, 0.0000, 1.0000 Specify a view point or [rotate]<display compass and tripod>:1,-1,1 Regenerating modelCommand: ISOLINES Enter new values for isolines <4>:16Command: TORUS Specify centre point or [3p/2p/Ttr]:0,0,0 Specify radius point or [diameter]<1.5000>:8 Specify tube radius or [2point/diameter] <2.0000>:2Command: SHADEMODE Enter an option [2dwireframe/ 3dwireframe/3dhidden /Realistic/conceputual/ other] <conceputual>: HSave this file as 3dtorussloid-1.DWG

METHOD: 2IN this method the following steps are performed.1. Create 2d closed profile in xy plane using 2d commands.2. Generate surface on this profile by using region command.3. Use extrude command to provide height to this profile in Z direction or use revolve command to.revolve this profile about x and y of UCS and thus solid will be created.4. Finally use SHEDEMODE command to get real look of so.Precautions: 1. Limits should be given before drawing the object. 2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only. 3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.RESULT: Hence by using auto cad 2010 3D commands we have drawn the object model.

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Exp: No:9AIM: To draw a three dimensional diagram as shown in fig. Use 3D commands such as Region, Extrude and Subtract.SOFTWARE USED: AutoCAD desk 2010COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS ZOOM, Vpoint, EXTRUDE, ROTATE3D, UCS, CIRCLE, SUBTRACT, and SHADEMODE.PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed… Command: LIMITS Reset model space limits: Specify lower left corner or [on/off] <0.0000, 0.0000>: Specify upper limit corner <12.0000, 9.0000>:120, 90Command: ZOOM Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nx or nxp) or [all/centre /dynamic/ extents/.....] <Real time>:Create 2D diagram (fig.26-55(i)) using Pline command, take coordinate of p1 as 0,0Command: VPOINT Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000, 0.0000, 1.0000 Specify a view point or [rotate] <display compass and tripod>: 1,-1,1Command: REGION Select objects :( select any line) Select objects: 1 loop extracted 1 region createdCommand: SHADEMODE Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dhidden/realistic/Conceptual/other ] <conceptual>:HCommand: EXTRUDE Current wire frame density; ISOLINES=4 Select objects :( select any line) Select object: Specify height of extrusion or [path]; 40Command: ROTATE3D Current positive angles: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0 Select objects :( select solid S1) Select object Specify first point an axis or define axis by [object/last/view/xaxis/yaxis/zaxis/2points]: X Specify a point On the xaxis <0, 0,0>: Specify rotation angle or [reference]: 90

Command: ZOOM Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nx or nxp)< or [All/centre/dynamic /extents/....] <real time>:allCommand: UCS Current UCS name: *top*

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Enter an option [new/move/orthographic/...] <world>: M Specify new origin point or [Zdepth], 0, 0,0>:(select point SD1)Command: CIRCLE Specify centre point for circle or [3p/2p/ttr (tan tan radius)]:12, 20 () Specify radius of circle or [diameter]: D Specify diameter of circle: 13Command: circle Specify centre point for circle or [3p/2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: -64, 20 Specify radius of circle or (diameter) ,0.6500>:D Specify diameter of circle: 13Command: EXTRUDE Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Select object :( select circle C1) Select object :( select circle C2) Select objects: Specify height of extrusion or [path]:-40Command: SUBTRACT Select solids and regions to subtract from Select objects :( select solid SL1) Select objects: Select solids and region to subtract Select objects :( select cylinder CL1) Select objects :( select cylinder CL2) select objects:Command: SHADEMODE Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dhidden/realistic/conceptual/other] <conceptual>: cSave this file as 3D diagram.Precautions: 1. Limits should be given before drawing the object. 2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only. 3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.RESULT: Hence by using auto cad 2010 3D commands we have drawn the object model.

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Exp: No: 10AIM: To draw a three dimensional diagram as shown in fig. Use 3D commands such as Region, Extrude and Subtract.SOFTWARE USED: AutoCAD desk 2010COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS ZOOM, VPOINT, EXTRUDE, ROTATE3D, UCS, CIRCLE, SUBTRACT, and SHADEMODE.PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed…

Command: LIMITS Reset model space limits: Specify lower left corner or [on/off] <0.0000, 0.0000>: Specify upper right corner<12.0000, 9.0000>:360,270Command: ZOOM Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nx or nxp), or [All/centre/dynamic/extents/previous/scale/window]<Real time>: all Regenerating modelCommand: PLINE command create 2d diagram take coordinate of p1 0, 0Command: VPOINT Current view direction; VIEWDIR=0.0000, 0.000, 1.0000 Specify a view point or [rotate]<display compass and tripod>:1,-1,1 Regenerating modelCommand: REGION Select object :( select any line) Select object: 1 loop extracted 1 region createdCommand: SHADEMODE Enter an option [2dwirefram/3dwireframe/3dhidden/realistic/...] <conceptual>:HCommand: REVOLVE Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Select objects to revolve :( select any line) Select object to revolve: Specify axis start point or define axis by [object/x/y/z] <object X Specify angle of revolution or [start angle] <360>: 360Command: ZOOM Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor [nx or nxp), [all/centre/dynamic /extents /previous/scale /window] <real time>: allCommand: FILLET Current setting; mode=trim, radius=0.0000 Select first object or [polyline/radius/trim] :( select Edge e1) Enter fillet radius: 6 Select an edge or [chain/radius]: 1 edge(S) selected for filletCommand: SHADEMODE Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dhidden/realistic/...] <conceptual>:CSAVE THIS FILE AS EXP-9

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Precautions: 1. Limits should be given before drawing the object. 2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only. 3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.RESULT: Hence by using auto cad 2010 3D commands we have drawn the object model.

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Exp: No: 11AIM: To draw a three dimensional diagram as shown in fig. Use 3D commands such as Region, Extrude and Subtract.SOFTWARE USED: AutoCAD desk 2010COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS ZOOM, VPOINT, EXTRUDE, ROTATE3D, UCS, CIRCLE, SUBTRACT, and SHADEMODE, RECTANGLE.PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed…

Command: LIMITS Reset model space limits Specify lower left corner or [on/off]<0.0000,0.0000>: Specify upper right corner<12.0000,9.0000>:600,450Command: ZOOM Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nx or nxp), [All/centre/dynamic/ extents/ previous /scale/window] <real time>: ALLregenerating modelCommand: RECTANGLE Specify first corner point or [chamfer/elevation/fillet/thickness/width]:0,0 Specify other corner point or [dimensions]: @100, 50Command: VPOINT Current view direction: viewdir=0.0000, 0.0000, 1.0000 Specify a view point or [rotate]<display compass and tripod>:1,-1,1 Regenerating modelCommand: FILLET Current settings: mode=trim, radius=0.0000 Specify first object or [polyline/radius/trim]: R Specify fillet radius <0.0000>; 25 Select first object or [polyline/radius/trim] :(select L1) Select second object :( select L2)Command: FILLET Current settings: mode=trim, radius=25.0000 Select first object or [polyline/radius/trim]:(select L2) Select second object :(select L3)Command: CIRCLE Specify centre point for circle or [3p/2p/ttr (tan tan radius)]: (Select centre magnet C1) Specify radius of circle or [diameter]: D Specify diameter of circle: 24Command: EXTRUDE Current wire frame density; ISOLINES=4 Select object to extrude :( select rectangle R1) Select height of extrusion or [direction/path/tapper angle]<40.0000>:40Command: EXTRUDE Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Select objects to extrude ;(select circle CR1) Select objects to extrude:

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Specify height of extrusion or [direction/path/tapper angle] <40.0000>:70Command: ZOOM Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nx ornxp) <or [All/centre /extents /previous /scale/window] <real time>: ALL Regenerating modelCommand: SUBTRACT Select solids, surface and regions to subtract from.... Select object :( select solid 3dbox S1) Select object: Select solids, surface and regions to subtract Select objects :(select solid 3d cylinder S2) Select objects:Commands: UCS Current UCS name: *world* Enter an option [new/movie/orthographic/prev/.../world] <world>: G Enter an option [top/bottom/front/back/left/right/] <top>: rightCommand: UCS

Current UCS name:*right* Enter an option [new/move/orthographic/prev/.../world] <world>: M Specify new origin point or [zdepth]<0,0,0>:(select endpoint magnet E1)Command: CIRCLE

Specify centre for circle or [3p/2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2P SPECIFY FIRST End point of circles diameter :(select midpoint magnet M2) Specify second end point of circles diameter:(select midpoint magnet M3)Command: EXTRUDE Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Select object to extrude :( select circle CR2) Select objects to extrude: Specify height of extrusion or [direction/path/taperangle]<40.0000>:150Command: ZOOM

Specify corner of windows, enter a scale factor (nx or nxp), or [all/centre/dynamic/extents /previous / scale/window] <real time>: ALL

Command: UNION Select object :( select solid S3) Select object :( select solid S4) Select objects:Command: SHADEMODE Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dhidden/realistic/...]<conceptual>: cPrecautions: 1. Limits should be given before drawing the object. 2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only. 3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.RESULT: Hence by using auto cad 2010 3D commands we have drawn the object model.

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auto cad

Documents

autocad drawing

drawing files

end points

new drawing

drawing circles

world coordinate

limitsthe drawing limits

arcthe arc command