GOVERNMENT OF RAJASTHANDEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE &

TECHNOLOGY S T U D E N T P R O J E C TP R O G R A M M E 2 011-2012

1. Title of the Project:-“AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL AND TRACKAUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL AND TRACK SWITCHING SYSTEMSWITCHING SYSTEM”

2. Discipline/ Subject Area (Engineering/ Medical/ Computer/ Life Science/Biotechnology/ Textile/ Home Science Veterinary, Botany etc.):-Engineering

3. Region (Regional Office area of jurisdiction: - Ajmer /Kota /Jodhpur/Bikaner /Udaipur), tick the relevant:-Jaipur

4. Designation & Address of the Person, in whose name, DemandDraft/Bankers Cheque of grant is to e sent. (Head ofInstitution/Director/Registrar/ Controller/ Principal/Dean) Tick theRelevant)Dr.Karan Bhatiya(Campus Director)Poornima Group of Institutions, BT-1, BT-Park SitaPura jaipur-302022

5. Name & Class/Year of the Students (indicate clearly the semester in case ofSemester system):- i)Kunal Gurjar ii)Govind Singh Rathore

iii)Govindraj Singh Solanki B.Tech. Perusing in Electronics and Communication, 7 Semester

6. Address of the Students(Institutional & Correspondence Address with E-mail ID & Fax, Mobile No.)Institutional Address- Poornima Group of Institutions, BT-1,BT-Park SitaPura jaipur-302022Correspondance:-Kunal Gurjar, Sector-9, H.No.94/89,Kumbha marg, Pratap Nagar Jaipur

7. a) Name & Designation of the Supervisor/Guide:-Mr. Chandan Dudey(Asst. Professor

Dept. of ECE)

b) Institutional & Correspondence Address of the Guide with Telephone No.Poornima Group of Institutions, BT-1, BT-Park Sitapura jaipur-302022E-mail ID & Fax, Mobile No.:-

Name & Signature of the Students Signature of Guide of the Project

C E R T I F I C A T E

It is hereby certified that-(i) Institution takes the responsibility of implementing the Student ProjectWithin stipulated period.(ii) The Institution shall provide the Infrastructural & other facilities required forThe project.(iii) The amount sanctioned by Department of Science & Technology,Rajasthan, Jaipur shall be provided to the concerned Student/Guide timely and funds be utilized for the purpose for which it has been sanctioned.

Signature of the Head of Institution

Name and Designation with seal

Date:

Place:

Form No…………..

• Title of the Project:- “AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL AND TRACK AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL AND TRACK SWITCHINGSWITCHING”

• Project Summary (Max. 150 words)

Project is designed using 8051 microcontroller to avoid railway accidents happening at

unattended railway gates, if implemented in spirit. This project utilizes two powerful IR

transmitters and two receivers one pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at upside (from where

the train comes) at a level higher than a human being in exact alignment and similarly the other

pair is fixed at down side of the train direction. Sensor activation time is so adjusted by

calculating the time taken at a certain speed to cross at least one compartment of standard

minimum size of the Indian railway.

A Buzzer will use that immediately sound at the fore side receiver activation and gate will close

after 5 seconds, so giving time to drivers to clear gate area in order to avoid trapping between the

gates and stop sound after the train has crossed. The same principle is applied for track

switching.

• Technical details of the Projects

Present project is designed using 8051 microcontroller to avoid railway accidents happening at

unattended railway gates, if implemented in spirit. This project utilizes two powerful IR

transmitters and two receivers; one pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at upside (from where

the train comes) at a level higher than a human being in exact alignment and similarly the other

pair is fixed at down side of the train direction. Sensor activation time is so adjusted by

calculating the time taken at a certain speed to cross at least one compartment of standard

minimum size of the Indian railway. We have considered 5 seconds for this project. Sensors are

fixed at 1km on both sides of the gate. We call the sensor along the train direction as ‘foreside

sensor’ and the other as ‘aft side sensor’. When foreside receiver gets activated, the gate motor is

turned on in one direction and the gate is closed and stays closed until the train crosses the gate

and reaches aft side sensors. When aft side receiver gets activated motor turns in opposite

direction and gate opens and motor stops. Buzzer will immediately sound at the fore side

receiver activation and gate will close after 5 seconds, so giving time to drivers to clear gate area

in order to avoid trapping between the gates and stop sound after the train has crossed.

The same principle is applied for track switching. Considering a situation where in an express

train and a local train are traveling in opposite directions on the same track; the express train is

allowed to travel on the same track and the local train has to switch on to the other track. Two

sensors are placed at the either sides of the junction where the track switches. If there’s a train

approaching from the other side, then another sensor placed along that direction gets activated

and will send an interrupt to the controller. The interrupt service routine switches the track.  

Indicator lights have been provided to avoid collisions. Here the switching operation is

performed using a stepper motor. Assuming that within a certain delay, the train has passed the

track is switched back to its original position, allowing the first train to pass without any

interruption. This concept of track switching can be applied at 1km distance from the stations.

The project is simple to implement and subject to further improvement.

Gate control

Origin of the Proposal

The expression – the literature – typically refers to published writings in books, journals, and

conference proceedings that relate to the fields of investigations within which a student‘s project

lies. Such literature also includes unpublished thesis and dissertations. The inspiration for my

project came to us from the earthquakes occurring all over the world.

Definition of the problem

Gate Control:

Railways being the cheapest mode of transportation are preferred over all the other means .When

we go through the daily newspapers we come across many railway accidents occurring at

unmanned railway crossings. This is mainly due to the carelessness in manual operations or lack

of workers. We, in this project have come up with a solution for the same. Using simple

electronic components we have tried to automate the control of railway gates. As a train

approaches the railway crossing from either side, the sensors placed at a certain distance from the

gate detects the approaching train and accordingly controls the operation of the gate. Also an

indicator light has been provided to alert the motorists about the approaching train.

Track Switching

Using the same principle as that for gate control, we have developed a concept of automatic track

switching. Considering a situation where in an express train and a local train are travelling in

opposite directions on the same track; the express train is allowed to travel on the same track and

the local train has to switch on to the other track. Indicator lights have been provided to avoid

collisions .Here the switching operation is performed using a stepper motor. In practical purposes

this can be achieved using electromagnets.

Objectives

The specific objectives of the proposed project are:-

a) It can be used as Railways Gate Control.

b) It can be used as Train Track Switching,

Work PlanSl. No. Activity BlockPhase – I Literature surveyPhase – II Selection and Purchase of ComponentsPhase – III Fabrication and setting up equipment.

Phase – IV Development of Model

Phase – V Computer Programming for Analytical Analysis

Phase – VI Analysis of Analytical and Experimental Results

Phase – VII Performance evaluation.

Phase – VIII Report writing

Methodology1) Railways Gate Control.

2) Train Track Switching,

Organization of work element

1) Microcontroller [8-bit] AT89C2051

2) Motor driving IC L293D

Time scheduleSl. No. Activity Block Time Required

(in months)Phase – I Literature survey 2 WeekPhase – II Selection and Purchase of Components 1 Week

Phase – III Fabrication and setting up equipment. 2 Week

Phase – IV Development of Model 2 Week

Phase – V Computer Programming for Analytical Analysis 2 Week

Phase – VI Analysis of Analytical and Experimental Results 1 Week

Phase – VII Performance evaluation. 1 Week

Phase – VIII Report writing 1 Week

Total Time :-3-months

Proposed outcome/ findings

Our project Automatic railway gate control and track switchingAutomatic railway gate control and track switching for Indian subcontinent make an

apparatus that can to avoid railway accidents occurring at unmanned railway crossings. In this

project have come up with a solution for the same. can inform the concerned persons in prior

hand so that the necessary steps & measures can be taken to prevent or to minimize the loss of

life & property. It can be easily implement for all Indian railways gates.

• Details of facilities to be provided by the InstitutionAll testing and other assembling platforms like bread boards and LCD Modules are provided by our Institution and rest of the work is continued by myself.

• Budget Estimates (with details)

S. No. Item 3-months

1 Experimental setup Approximately 1500 2 Design And fabrication Aprox. 500

3 Alarm and Display System, wiring circuit , battery etc with MODEL Aprox. 1000

Total=3,000 Rupees

• Minor EquipmentMicrocontroller IC, stepper motor, wiring circuit, battery, IR modules, various ICs.

• ConsumableBattery, Resistors, Switches, Wires etc.

• Report writing (Rs. 1000/- max)

1. Literature Survey

The expression – the literature – typically refers to published writings in books, journals, and

conference proceedings that relate to the fields of investigations within which a student‘s project

lies. Such literature also includes unpublished thesis and dissertations. The inspiration for my

project came to us from the earthquakes occurring all over the world.

2. Technical details

Present project is designed using 8051 microcontroller to avoid railway accidents happening at

unattended railway gates, if implemented in spirit. This project utilizes two powerful IR

transmitters and two receivers; one pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at upside (from where

the train comes) at a level higher than a human being in exact alignment and similarly the other

pair is fixed at down side of the train direction. Sensor activation time is so adjusted by

calculating the time taken at a certain speed to cross at least one compartment of standard

minimum size of the Indian railway. We have considered 5 seconds for this project. Sensors are

fixed at 1km on both sides of the gate. We call the sensor along the train direction as ‘foreside

sensor’ and the other as ‘aft side sensor’. When foreside receiver gets activated, the gate motor is

turned on in one direction and the gate is closed and stays closed until the train crosses the gate

and reaches aft side sensors. When aft side receiver gets activated motor turns in opposite

direction and gate opens and motor stops. Buzzer will immediately sound at the fore side

receiver activation and gate will close after 5 seconds, so giving time to drivers to clear gate area

in order to avoid trapping between the gates and stop sound after the train has crossed.

The same principle is applied for track switching. Considering a situation where in an express

train and a local train are traveling in opposite directions on the same track; the express train is

allowed to travel on the same track and the local train has to switch on to the other track. Two

sensors are placed at the either sides of the junction where the track switches. If there’s a train

approaching from the other side, then another sensor placed along that direction gets activated

and will send an interrupt to the controller. The interrupt service routine switches the track.  

Indicator lights have been provided to avoid collisions. Here the switching operation is

performed using a stepper motor. Assuming that within a certain delay, the train has passed the

track is switched back to its original position, allowing the first train to pass without any

interruption. This concept of track switching can be applied at 1km distance from the stations.

The project is simple to implement and subject to further improvement.

Gate control

• Contingency & other costs (Rs. 2000/- max)

S. No.Recurring Details

3-months

1 Consumables 500

2 Contingency 5003

3 Travel 100

Total=1100/-

• Utilization of the outcome of project

1. Can be used to avoid many railway accidents occurring at unmanned railway crossings

2. Easily debug gable modules.3. Can be implemented at Railways Gates and Tracks by a little-bit modification

in the modules.4. In certain laboratories such as Research & Development Department. In highly

secured and confidential areas