automobile body

8/6/2019 Automobile Body

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MATERIAL SCIENCE FINAL REPORTMATERIAL SCIENCE FINAL REPORT

MATERIAL SELECTION FORMATERIAL SELECTION FOR

AUTOMOTIVE BODIESAUTOMOTIVE BODIESSUBMITTED BY:

ABHINAV SAHU

JAGDISH PRASAD MEENA


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Outlines of contentOutlines of content

ySteels usage

yNeed of change

yOptions we can chooseyAluminum's usage

y

Composites/FRPyFRP constituents


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Steel : It has been conventional?Steel : It has been conventional?

>Steel has been the material of choice for

automobile structures since Henry Fords

introduction of mass production in 1913.

>In 2004, the average light vehicle produced

in North America contained 2233 pounds

of steel (55% of the vehicle weight) and

331 pounds (8%), of iron.


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Why change of material ?Why change of material ?

Major factors which compel change of material:

1.Constraints on energy consumption

2. Environmental issues have influenced vehicle

development for last four decades.3.Rises in oil prices due to increasing demand and

4.The increased prominence of global warming inthe popular press, technological advances toimprove vehicle efficiency are becomingincreasingly important

5.The competition of global automobile market


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Fat men cannot run as fast as thinFat men cannot run as fast as thinmen, but we build most of ourmen, but we build most of our

vehicles as though deadweight fatvehicles as though deadweight fat

increased speed. I cannot imagineincreased speed. I cannot imaginewhere the delusion that weightwhere the delusion that weight

means strength came from.means strength came from.Henry FordHenry Ford


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INCREASING EFFICIENCY ???INCREASING EFFICIENCY ???

TWO IMPORTANT POINTS:

1:Architectural development2:Material substitution


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OPTIONS TO SUBSTITUTE STEELOPTIONS TO SUBSTITUTE STEEL

Requirements of main properties of

Material:

1)Strong

2) Light

3) Cheaper


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Suitable Materials AvailableSuitable Materials Available

1) Aluminium and its alloys

2) Polymers


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Aluminum and its alloysAluminum and its alloysOver the years there have been many attempts to

introduce aluminum and aluminum sheet alloys for

automobile bodies.

Aluminum has, for example, been used for a variety

of Land Rover applications since 1948, and the

latest LandRover Discovery V8i features aluminium side panels.


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PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUMPROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM

y Although the modulus of aluminium is

approximately one-third that of mild

steel.

y The important parameter for maximum

stiffness at minimum mass for a flat plate

loaded in bending is E1/3/.

y And density of aluminium is less incomparison of steel.


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So the value of aboveSo the value of aboveparameter forparameter for aluminiumaluminium isis

approximately twice that ofapproximately twice that ofmild steel, so for equal stiffness,mild steel, so for equal stiffness,

inin aluminiumaluminium a panel will weigha panel will weigh

50% less than in mild steel.50% less than in mild steel.


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Polymer compositesPolymer compositesPolymers have a wide range of

properties and we can modifytheir properties according to

requirement or sometimes we can

manufacture new polymers.


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POLYMERS IN PAST IN AUTOMOTIVESPOLYMERS IN PAST IN AUTOMOTIVES

The use of polymer composites for

automobile body components is by no

means new, as instanced by the various

Scimitar sports saloon models (ReliantMotor PLC, U.K.) which used such

materials for the application over many

years in association with a steel structuralframe.


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What are composites/ FRP ?What are composites/ FRP ?

A combination of:

1. a polymer (plastic) matrix (either a thermoplasticor thermoset resin, such as polyester, isopolyester,

vinyl ester, epoxy, phenolic)2. a reinforcing agent such as glass, carbon, aramid or

other reinforcing material

Such that there is a sufficient aspect ratio (lengthto thickness) to provide a discernablereinforcing function in one or more directions.


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Cont..Cont..

To modify and enhance the final product, it

may contain:

1: Fillers

2: additives core materials

The constituent elements in a composite retain their

identities (they do not dissolve or merge completelyinto each other) while acting in concert to provide a

host of benefits ideal for structural applications.


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Components of FRP?Components of FRP?

Its depends on properties required, yet

common categories are

Resins

Reinforcement

Fillers

Additives and modifiers

Gel coats, adhesive and Core material


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ResinsResins:: The primary functions of the resinare to transfer stress between the

reinforcing fibers, act as a glue to hold thefibers together, and protect the fibers from

mechanical and environmental damage.

Resins are divided into two major groups1.thermoset

2.thermoplastic.

The most common thermosetting resins

used in the composites industry areunsaturated polyesters, epoxies, vinyl esters

and phenolics.


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ReinforcementsReinforcements:: The primary function offibers or reinforcements is to carry load along

the length of the fiber to provide strength and

stiffness in one direction.

Most commercial reinforcements is glass fiber.

Other e.g. carbon, aramid, UHMW (ultra high

molecular weight) polyethylene, polypropylene,polyester and nylon


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FFillersillers:: Use of inorganic fillers in

composites is increasing. Fillers not onlyreduce the cost of composites, but also

frequently impart performance

improvements.Calcium carbonate, Kaolin (hydrous

aluminum silicate), Alumina trihydrate,

Mica, Feldspar etc are common fillers.


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Additives and ModifiersAdditives and Modifiers: A wide varietyof additives are used in composites to

modify materials properties and tailor the

laminate's performance.

Other components ofOther components of compositscomposits areare

gel coats, Adhesives and Core Materialsgel coats, Adhesives and Core Materialsfor Sandwich Structures.for Sandwich Structures.


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Pro and Cons of Composites?Pro and Cons of Composites?

Problems related to FRCs Bodyy High costy Non recyclabley

sophisticated designing process

The polymer composite industrysdevelopments in process and design have,from a production perspective, maintainedcomposites technology as an economicallycredible alternative for vehicle bodyapplications.


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We are hereWe are here

Lamborghini Gallardo LP 570-4

Spyder Performante enjoys carbon fiber with weighing solely 3274 lbs however with a 570hp

with a prime speed of 201mph( ~320 km/h).


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THANK YOU!THANK YOU!

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