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AUTOMOBILE S Prepared by: ASHISH

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history of automobile industry

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Page 1: Automobiles

AUTOMOBILES

Prepared by:ASHISH MAKHIJA

Page 2: Automobiles

HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILEHISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE Ferdinand Vebiest, a member of a Jesuit Ferdinand Vebiest, a member of a Jesuit

mission in China, built the first steam-mission in China, built the first steam-powered vehicle around 1672.powered vehicle around 1672.

Although Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is often Although Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is often credited with building the first self-credited with building the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile in about 1769.automobile in about 1769.

Cugnot’s steam wagonCugnot’s steam wagon

Page 3: Automobiles

HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILEHISTORY OF AUTOMOBILEKARL BENZKARL BENZ

Karl Benz generally is Karl Benz generally is acknowledged as the inventor acknowledged as the inventor of the modern automobile.of the modern automobile.

An automobile powered by An automobile powered by his own four-stroke cycle his own four-stroke cycle gasoline engine was built in gasoline engine was built in Mannheim, , Germany by Karl by Karl Benz in 1885.Benz in 1885.

He began to sell his He began to sell his production vehicles in 1888. production vehicles in 1888.

KARL BENZKARL BENZ

Page 4: Automobiles

A photograph of the original Benz Patent Motorwagen, A photograph of the original Benz Patent Motorwagen, first built in 1885first built in 1885

His first His first Motorwagen was was built in 1885.built in 1885.

About 25 Benz vehicles About 25 Benz vehicles were sold between 1888 were sold between 1888 and 1893.and 1893.

In 1896, Benz designed In 1896, Benz designed and patented the first and patented the first internal-combustion internal-combustion flat engine, called a , called a boxermotor in German. boxermotor in German.

During the last years of During the last years of the nineteenth century, the nineteenth century, Benz was the largest Benz was the largest automobile company in automobile company in the world with 572 units the world with 572 units produced. produced. BOXOR MOTORBOXOR MOTOR

Page 5: Automobiles

HENRY FORDHENRY FORD Henry Ford was the Henry Ford was the American founder founder

of the of the Ford Motor Company and father and father of modern of modern assembly lines used in used in mass production. .

His introduction of the His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized revolutionized transportation and American industry. transportation and American industry.

The large-scale, The large-scale, production-line manufacturing of affordable manufacturing of affordable automobiles was debuted by automobiles was debuted by Ransom Olds at his at his Oldsmobile factory in 1902. This concept was factory in 1902. This concept was greatly expanded by greatly expanded by Henry Ford, , beginning in 1914.beginning in 1914.

HENRY FORDHENRY FORD

RANSOM E. OLDSRANSOM E. OLDS

Page 6: Automobiles

FORD “MODEL T”FORD “MODEL T”

Introduced the moving assembly line and Model Introduced the moving assembly line and Model T in 1908-1909. T in 1908-1909.

Cost of Model T declined from 7 months of a Cost of Model T declined from 7 months of a Ford assembly line worker’s wages in 1908 to Ford assembly line worker’s wages in 1908 to less than 3 months in 1916.less than 3 months in 1916.

This brought millions of middle-class families This brought millions of middle-class families into the market for autos.into the market for autos.

Page 7: Automobiles

The car was very simple to drive, and easy and The car was very simple to drive, and easy and cheap to repair.cheap to repair.

By 1920, half the cars in the worldBy 1920, half the cars in the world were Model T were Model T Fords!Fords!

Product diversity, options strictly limited by Ford Product diversity, options strictly limited by Ford to maximize standardization, production to maximize standardization, production efficiency. (“You can have any color car you want, efficiency. (“You can have any color car you want, so long as it’s black.”)so long as it’s black.”)

FORD MODEL T, 1915FORD MODEL T, 1915 FORD MASHTANG, FORD MASHTANG, 20092009

Page 8: Automobiles

THE GREAT DEPRESSIONTHE GREAT DEPRESSION

Sales of automobiles collapsed 1930-32, Sales of automobiles collapsed 1930-32, rebounded slowly.rebounded slowly.

GM recovered, exceeded late 1920s sales GM recovered, exceeded late 1920s sales levels by end of the 1930s Ford continued levels by end of the 1930s Ford continued to languish under the increasingly erratic to languish under the increasingly erratic leadership of Henry Ford, who was quite leadership of Henry Ford, who was quite unhinged by the end of the decade.unhinged by the end of the decade.

Ford would have gone bankrupt without Ford would have gone bankrupt without WWII.WWII.

Page 9: Automobiles

WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR II Military procurement contracts increased

demand. Most of the auto industry in Europe, Japan

effectively bombed out of existence. Technological improvements made during the

war were applied to postwar auto production. • Better automatic transmissions • Functional power steering and brakes • V-8 engines • Air conditioning

Page 10: Automobiles

FUEL & PROPULSION FUEL & PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIESTECHNOLOGIES

Most automobiles in use today are propelled by Most automobiles in use today are propelled by gasoline (also known as petrol) or (also known as petrol) or diesel internal combustion engines. internal combustion engines.

Known to cause air pollution, climate change & global Known to cause air pollution, climate change & global warming.warming.

Increasing costs of oil-based fuels, tightening environmental Increasing costs of oil-based fuels, tightening environmental laws and restrictions on and restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions are emissions are propelling work on alternative power systems for propelling work on alternative power systems for automobiles.automobiles.

Efforts to improve or replace existing technologies include Efforts to improve or replace existing technologies include the development of the development of hybrid vehicles, and , and electric and and hydrogen vehicles which do not release pollution into the which do not release pollution into the air. air.

Page 11: Automobiles

ENGINE TYPESENGINE TYPES Diesel-engined cars have long Diesel-engined cars have long

been popular in Europe with been popular in Europe with the first models being the first models being introduced as early as 1922 by introduced as early as 1922 by Peugeot..

The main benefit of diesel The main benefit of diesel engines is a 50% fuel burn engines is a 50% fuel burn efficiency compared with efficiency compared with 27% in the best gasoline 27% in the best gasoline engines.engines.

Many diesel-powered cars can Many diesel-powered cars can run with little or no run with little or no modifications on 100% modifications on 100% biodiesel and combinations of biodiesel and combinations of other organic oils.other organic oils.

DIESEL ENGINEDIESEL ENGINE

Page 12: Automobiles

GASOLINE (PATROL) ENGINEGASOLINE (PATROL) ENGINE

Gasoline engines have the Gasoline engines have the advantage over diesel in being advantage over diesel in being lighter and able to work at higher lighter and able to work at higher rotational speeds and they are the rotational speeds and they are the usual choice for fitting in high-usual choice for fitting in high-performance sports cars.performance sports cars.

Continuous development of Continuous development of gasoline engines for over a hundred gasoline engines for over a hundred years has produced improvements years has produced improvements in efficiency and reduced pollution.in efficiency and reduced pollution.

Most gasoline engine cars can also Most gasoline engine cars can also run on LPG with the addition of an run on LPG with the addition of an LPG tank and carburetor LPG tank and carburetor modifications to add an LPG mixer.modifications to add an LPG mixer.

Page 13: Automobiles

ELECTRIC CARELECTRIC CAR An electric car uses An electric car uses

electric motors and motor electric motors and motor controllers for propulsion, controllers for propulsion, in place of more common in place of more common propulsion methods such propulsion methods such as the internal combustion as the internal combustion engine.engine.

Electric cars are Electric cars are commonly powered by on-commonly powered by on-board battery packs, and board battery packs, and as such are battery as such are battery electric vehicles (BEVs).electric vehicles (BEVs).

TESLA ELECTRIC POWER TESLA ELECTRIC POWER ROADSTERROADSTER

Page 14: Automobiles

HYBRID ELECTRIC PETROLEUM CARSHYBRID ELECTRIC PETROLEUM CARS

When the term hybrid When the term hybrid vehicle is used, it most vehicle is used, it most often refers to a Hybrid often refers to a Hybrid electric vehicle.electric vehicle.

These encompass such These encompass such vehicles as the:vehicles as the:

Toyota PriusToyota Prius Toyota Camry HybridToyota Camry Hybrid Ford Escape HybridFord Escape Hybrid Toyota Highlander HybridToyota Highlander Hybrid Honda InsightHonda Insight Honda Civic HybridHonda Civic Hybrid

HONDA INSIGHTHONDA INSIGHT

TOYOTA PRIUSTOYOTA PRIUS

Page 15: Automobiles

BENEFITS OF AUTOMOBILESBENEFITS OF AUTOMOBILES Replacement of horse and carriage.Replacement of horse and carriage. Economical, safer, smaller, faster (more Economical, safer, smaller, faster (more

consistent), more controllable/reliable.consistent), more controllable/reliable. More sanitary - dead horses and manure More sanitary - dead horses and manure

problems.problems. Development of mass production and Development of mass production and

assembly line.assembly line. Supply chain economic boom.Supply chain economic boom. Independence.Independence. Employment.Employment.

Page 16: Automobiles

MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONSIMPLICATIONS

Air pollution.Air pollution. Materials consumption.Materials consumption. Autos themselves and consumables.Autos themselves and consumables. One way cars create pollution is by One way cars create pollution is by

contributing to the amount of ground-level contributing to the amount of ground-level ozone.ozone.

Cars also pollute by emitting lead from leaded Cars also pollute by emitting lead from leaded gasoline. gasoline.

Global warming.Global warming. Energy use.Energy use.

Page 17: Automobiles

TOP 20 MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCING TOP 20 MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCING COUNTRIES IN 2008COUNTRIES IN 2008

Motor vehicle production (1000 units)Motor vehicle production (1000 units)

Page 18: Automobiles

Top motor vehicle manufacturing Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies by volume 2008companies by volume 2008

Page 19: Automobiles

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