automotive production engineering; glasses somsak siwadamrongpong 2/2552
TRANSCRIPT
Automotive Production Engineering; Glasses
Somsak Siwadamrongpong
2/2552
Contents
Glass properties Chemical, Physical and Optical properties Glass structure
Automotive glasses Tempered glasses Zoned tempered glasses Laminated Glasses
Automotive glass production
Glass Properties General properties of glasses
High hardness / Brittle Low density compared to high strength Low thermal expansion coefficient Low heat / electrical conductivity High melting point Good chemical resistance / Chemical inert Wide range of optical transmission
Transparent Translucent Opaque
Optical transmission
Glass transition temperature; Tg
By TMA: Thermal Mechanical Analysis
Glass transition temperature; Tg
By DSC: Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Glass Applications
Glass Applications
Glass Applications
Glass Applications
Glass Applications
Glass Applications
Glass Applications
Glass Applications
Popular Glasses
Silicate glasses Soda lime silicate Aluminosilicate Borosilicate Phosposilicate
Chalcogenide glasses Fluoride glasses Ceramic Glaze
Glass structure; silicate (SiO2)
Crystalline
Amorphous
Glass structure; silicate (SiO2)
Tetrahedral SiO2
: Vitreous silica (SiO2)
O
OSi
O
O
OO
Si
O
O
OSi
O
O
OSiO
OO
Si
O
O
OSi
O
• Each Si tetrahedron links to 4 tetrahedra by sharing corner with each other
• All oxygen are presence as bridging oxygen (BO)
Glass structure; silicate
: Binary silicate glass (6SiO2-2Na2O)
O
O-Si
O
ONa+
OO
Si
O
O-
OSi
O
O
OSiO
OO
Si
O
O
OSi
OO-
Na+
O-
Na+
Na+
• Network linkage is broken as entering of network modifier• Non-bridging oxygen (NBO) is initiated and its charge is
compensated with the metal cation
Glass structure; silicate
: Ternary alumino-silicate glass (6SiO2-Al2O3-2Na2O)
O-
Al
O
O O
O
-
Na+
OSi
OO
Si
O
O
O
SiO
O
Si
O
O
OSi
OO
Si
O
O O- Na+
O
Na+Na+Al
O
O O
O
-
• Network consists of Si and Al tetrahedra• Metal cation is compensated by AlO2
- and the excess cation will break the network and compensate with NBO
Glass structure; silicate
2+
2+ 2+
O
Si
Ca
Al
Glass structure; silicate: Ternary alumino-silicate glass (SiO2-Al2O3-CaO) system
Window glasses
for containers for windows74 SiO2, 13 Na2O, 73 SiO2, 14 Na2O,
10.5 CaO, 1.3 Al2O3, 9 CaO, 0.15 Al2O3,
0.3 K2O, 0.2 SO3, 0.03 K2O, 4 MgO,
0.2 MgO, 0.01 TiO2, 0.02 TiO2, 0.1 Fe2O3
0.04 Fe2O3
Viscosity 550-1450°C: 550-1450°C:log(η, Pa·s) = A + B / (T in °C - To) A = -2.309, B = 3922 A = -2.585, B = 4215
To = 291 To = 263
Glass transition temperature, Tg, Cฐ 573 564
Coefficient of thermal expansion,
ppm/K, ~100-300°C
Density at 20°C, g/cm3 2.52 2.53
Refractive index nD at 20°C 1.518 1.52
Young's modulus at 20°C, Gpa 72 74
Shear modulus at 20°C, Gpa 29.8 29.8
Liquidus temperature, Cฐ 1040 1000
Soda-lime glass
Chemical composition, wt%
9 9.5
Properties
Automotive Glasses
Tempered glasses / Zoned tempered glasses Used for side and rare glasses
Laminated glasses Used for front glass
Other glasses UV / IR cut glass Privacy glass Water repelling glass
Tempered glasses
further cooled
tensioncompression
compression
before cooling
hot
surface cooling
hotcooler
cooler
Strength increase 3-5 times of annealed glasses
Tempered glasses
Zone tempered glass
Tempered glass
Laminated Glasses
PVB = Polyvinyl Butyral Interlaying Film
Glass Production
Raw Materials
Flat Glass
•Tempered Glasses•Laminated Glasses
Sand powder (SiO2), Al2O3, Na2O, CaO, MgO
Floating Technique
For construction, panel automotive and others
Flat Glass Production
Floating Technique
Floating Technique
A
A
Section A-A
Floating Technique
Flat Glass Production Line
Flat Glass Production Line
Flat Glass Production Line
Flat Glass Production Line
Glass Tempering Processes
Glass Tempering Processes
Washing / Drying Section
Laminating / Heating Section
Tempered Glass’s Temperature Inspection
Glass Laminating Processes
Glass Laminating Processes
Inspection, Packing
Glass Laminating Processes
Glass Laminating Processes
Pre-Processes for Glass Laminating
Glass Laminating Processes
Post-Processes for Glass Laminating
Q & A