autonomous vehicle systems and a connected...
TRANSCRIPT
PUBLIC USE
SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
INFOTAINMENT AND DRIVER ASSISTANCE
SERGIO PACHECO
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SYSTEMS
AND A CONNECTED FUTURE
IoT Summit – RWW 2018
22
LEVELS OF AUTONOMATION IN CARS
SAE standard J3016
Level 0-2Human driver performs part of
the dynamic driving task
Level 3-5Automated driving system
performs the entire dynamic
driving task
4 50 2 31
No
Automation
Full
Automation
High
Automation
Conditional
Automation
Partial
Automation
Driver
Assistance
AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM
MONITORS DRIVING
ENVIRONMENTHUMAN DRIVER MONITORS
DRIVING ENVIRONMENT
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MEGATRENDS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE ARENA
Enjoying Life
One hour per
day in the vehicle
Seamlessly Connected
Mobility Experience
US mandates 163 grams / mile
and 54.5 MPG by 2025
Reducing CO2
Energy
Efficiency
Saving Lives
1.3M global road fatalities
every year
ADAS Towards
Self-Driving
44
REDUCING ROAD FATALITIES
Safety crucial for
self-driving car
Safety, quality & reliability at the
heart of automotive engineering
Trusted technology and functional
safety track-record essential
Safety system adoption accelerated
by mandates & NCAP ratings
ADAS needed to reverse recent
increase in fatality rate (texting)
0
5
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2015 2021E
Predictive (ADAS)
Active (Anti-Lock Braking & Stability)
Preventive (Tire Pressure Monitoring System)
Reactive (Airbag)
Self
Driving
Car
US Fatality Rate per 100-Million Vehicle Miles Traveled
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DRONE APPLICATIONS
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Market Drivers: NCAP and AutomationTowards a 360° view by Sensor Fusion
NCAP
ACC
AEB Emergency Steer
AssistLCA
L1: Partial Assistance
L2: Partial Automation
Junction Assist
NCAP Roadmap
2010 2016 2018 2020 >2025
Autonomous Driving
Platooning
Co-operative
cruise control
Automated vehicle (taking complete control of navigation,
transmission, steering, braking & parking)
Adapted from Frost & Sullivan analysis.
L4: Highly Autonomous
Parking(Autonomous
parallel parking)
Smart Navigation (Vehicle deciding
on routes)
Level 4/5
Autonomous Driving
Traffic Jam Assist (Semi Autonomous
steering)
L3: Conditional Automation
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• Proliferation of Radar-
based Safety: −SRR Radar for "Entry-level"
NCAP for low-end models
and corner radar for NCAP
2020
• Emergence of L3/L4
Autonomous Support:− Need for "surround-sense"
USRR/SRR radar satellite modules
• Small module size for
flexible deployment
− new deployment scenarios in doors,
etc driving small size requirements
"Stand-Alone" NCAP Functions
Small Size for New
Deployment Scenarios "Satellite" Sensors for
L3/L4 Autonomous
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Advanced Radar
• High Resolution Radar▪Sometimes called Imaging Radar
▪Some techniques use Synthetic Aperture Radar
− Integrate information as the vehicle moves to improve overall “view” of the environment
• Use many transmit antennas and many receive antennas ▪Create large amounts of complimentary data
▪Perform calculations to effectively increase the resolution of the radar
− Claims as low as 1.2° of angular resolution
Lidar
High Resolution Radar
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MULTI-MODE
MRR/SRRNCAP Lateral Assist, Evasive Steering,
Highway Pilot
LONG RANGE
HIGH RESOLUTION
RADARAdaptive Cruise Control
Automatic Emergency Braking
Forward Collision Warning
Application Context for Radar Systems
MULTI-MODE
MRR/SRRJunction Assist, Cross Traffic,
Evasive Steering
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V2X extends sensing beyond own vehicle & beyond line of sight
802.11p required for
Safety-critical V2X
features:
Low Latency, Secure
&
Beyond-line-of-sight
Providing additional safety
data earlier than any other
sensor can „see“
Platooning / cooperative driving 5m gap @ 80km/h based on 802.11p low latency
Roadworks beyond line-of-sight Emergency vehicle around corner
Motorcycle approaching / „do not pass!“
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L1
L2
L3-4
L5-7
802.11p OFDM PHY (5.850 to 5.925 GHz)
802.11p MAC
Decentralized Congestion Control
GeoNet
Basic Transport Protocol
Cooperative Assist
Messages
DSRC Channel Switching
(IEEE 1609.4)
DSRC Wave Short
Message Protocol
(WSMP) with Safety Sub-
Layer (IEEE 1609.3)IPv6
TCP/UDP
BSM Message Formats
Min. Perf. Requirements
(SAE J2735, J2945-1)
Non-Safety
Apps
Decentralized
Environmental
Notification Message
ITS-G5 (Europe) WAVE/DSRC (USA)• Ad-hoc, 2-way network
• Regulated spectrum for ITS
• 7 free channels
• Low latency (<50ms)
• 360°, Range up to 2km
• Data rates from 6-27Mbps
• Signed messages using
Public Key Infrastructure
WAVE: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment
WAVE/G5 Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC*)
* EU: DSRC describes road-tolling
at 5.8 GHz, and not 802.11p
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Security for V2X communicationsMessage authentication via digital signatures
• Digital signature:
− For authentication (sender identity, content integrity)
− And non-repudiation (no plausible deniability)
• Based on:
− Public-key crypto: two keys, one is private (secret), other public (non-secret)
− Hash function unique identifier for message
• ETSI (EU) and IEEE (US) standards mandate ECDSA
− RSA signatures too long (bandwidth limitation)
− Comparable security strength: RSA 3072b ~ ECC 256b ~ AES 128b
Public key exchange
(certificate can be part of message)
SIGNMSG MSG MSG VERIFY MSG
SXF1800 SAF5400
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Privacy for V2X communicationPseudo-identities
• A vehicle can be tracked if it always uses
the same unique identifiers
• A vehicle therefore uses multiple pseudo-
identities
− each with limited lifetime
• Pseudo-identities are switched regularly
(engine start, every X minutes,...)
Physical
Data-link
MAC address
Network & transport
IPv6 address
Application ID
...AID….
......IPv6..
...............
......MAC.
...............
.........key
Se
cu
rity
Pse
ud
on
ym
id
en
tity
All identifiers are derived from the pseudo-
identity and changed simultaneously
PUBLIC USE 16https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIENynRwZGw
Rinspeed Etos Concept Car
PUBLIC USE 17PUBLIC USENXP and the NXP logo are trademarks of NXP B.V. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2017 NXP B.V.