av aids introduction

8/10/2019 AV Aids Introduction

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Introduction; Audio-visual aids, audio-visual material, audio-visual media, communication technology educational or instrumental media are learning resources- all

these form broadly speaking means the same thing. Earlier the term used was audio-visual aids in education. With the advancement in means of communication and that of

technology, educators coined new term. The use of new term educational technology orinstrumental technology is primarily due to dynamic expansion of programmed. Audio-

visual material must be seen in their relationship today activity of teachers.

DEFINITION:Audio visual aids are any device which can be used to make the learning experience moreconcrete more realistic and more dynamic.

------ Kinder s. James.

Audio-visual aids are those aids witch help in completing the triangular process of

learning i.e.; motivation, classification and stimulation.--------Corter v.Good


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Purpose and Importance of A.V Aids - -1.Improve and make teaching effective.2.Unable the audience to look listening and learn.

3.Make learning interesting and profited.4.Posters develop the knowledge.

5.Add varsity and new ness to the lesson provide vicarious experience.

6.

Increase and sustain attention and concentration.7.Increase the meaningfulness of abstract concept by stimulating correct thinking.

8.To provide an opportunity situation type of learning field trip.

9.They direct dramatize the experience.

Principles of Audio-Visual Aids:-

1. They should be meaningful and purposeful.

2. They should be simple.3. They should be accurate in every respect.4. They should be cheep.

5. As far as possible they should be improvised.

6. They should be larger enough to be properly seen by students .


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I.1 Auditory aids-Radio, recordings, mike, phonograms, megaphone, micro phonegramephone.

2. Visual aids-

(a) None projected:Models, 3-D materials pictures, charts, flannel graphs, boards, cartoons

maps, photogaps, flashcards, illustration, posters prints, material.

(b) Projected aids:E.g. Epidiascope, slides, projector, overhead, projector, film, projector opaque

projector

3. Audio-visual aids:

Television, video, sound, motion pictures.4 Aid through activity:

Field trips, Models collection of material and exhilaration.


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5. Traditional media:Puppets, dramas, folksongs and folkdances.

II. Visual aids:(a) Projected aids:

Film, filmstips, opaque projector, overhead projector.

(b)

Non projected aids:Graphic aids e.g., charts, diagrams, flash cards, Graphs, charts, maps,

Photographs pictures, posters, printed materials, illustrative books.Display boards:

Black boards, bulletin boards magnetic boards PEG boards

3d Aids:-Diagrams, models, mockups objects, puppets, specimen, exhibits. Radio, Recordings

and television, video tapes languages, laborites, sounds distribution system.

Activity aids:-Computer assisted instruction, demonstrations dramatics experimentsprogrammed instructions and teaching machines.

III Big Media and Little Media: -Computer, VCR and TV. Little media, eg radiographics Audio cassettes and other visuals.


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RADIO:- The most common form of public education and entertainment isradio. The radio mission serve as a vital agency of mass education if used effectively in

the education radio programmes transmitted subject matter is co related to the syllabus ofthe study of the target group.

Characteristics:1Immediacy:Radio can describe things as they happen.

2Emtional Impacts: - Though the combined effect of voice environmental sound andmusic the student interest can be captured and her imagination starred.

3Authenticity:-It is possible for experts to visit any classroom at any time.4Conquest of time and space:-Though simulated programmers audio media actually can

over come the barriers of time and space.

5One way communication:-No possibility of student feed back.

6Audition:-Cannot be auditioned to determine their education value.


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USES:-1.To develop increased skills in listening participation and evaluating what is heard.1.

To provide interest and varied sources of new knowledge and to contribute to the

development of appreciation and attitude.2.

Radio can help the background and understanding for listening attentively.

3.

To acquire information about the cultural background of many different ethnic groups.

4.

To understand the patient better their likes dislikes their idiosyncrasies.

5.

To call attention to social problems which frequently involve health?

6.

Broadcasts are effective means of presenting music drama and discussions for study and

appreciation.

ADVATAGES:-1.

Radio programmers are good for mass education.

2.

Radio programmers are effective for distance education.

3.

Radios programmers with dramatic effects can arouse positive emotions can be reinforce

positive attitudes.

4.

A radio programmer can be used for introducing a less as well as for receiving a previous

lesson.

5.A good radio lesson can be recorded for use at any appropriate time.

DISADVANTAGES1.

There may be problem for frequency setting.

2.

The radio programmer may or may not be heard by students.

3.

The programmer may not seek attention as the person not having any eye to eye contact

4.

The person isnt able to assess the ability of the student.


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The devices which can record and produce sound are called recording devices and can be usedto augment teaching in a classroom.

Types of Recording:1.

Phonograph record and disc record.

2.

Wire recording.

3.

Tape recording.

Advantages of Recording: 1.Recording is two way communications. It eliminates the

time adjustment problems of radio.2. Recording can be made to play at desire and teaching need.

1.

Recording offer a wide range of helpful material.

2.The school can have its own recording.

Uses: 1.To meet speech defects in ones own language.2. To teach good pronunciation in foreign language.

3. For co curricular activities in the schools e.g. song, dancing, background, music.

Disadvantages: -1. May not be possible in every setting.2. Individual ability may not be evaluated by the teacher.3. Eye to eye contact is not there.

4. It is difficult for teacher to control the classroom.5. It will seek less attention of the student.


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GRAPHIC AIDS: - Graphic basically is the art of drawing painting andwriting which causes one to have a clear picture of communication in the mind.

GRAPHS: - It depletes numerical or quantitative relationship or statistic data are presented in

the form of visual symbols specification quantitative data for analysis , comparison and interruption.

Advantages:-1.Helps to show numerical statistics.2. Helps in explaining, comparison among two.

Disadvantages: - 1.Only some statistical data can be defuted.2. Lesson is not effectively grasped by students.

3. Any simple mistake will change the whole statistics.Method of constriction: -1.The surface of circle is to cover 250degree.2. The total frequent value is equal to 360 degree and then the angles corresponding to component

parts are calculated.3. After determining their angles the required in the circle are drawn.


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Charts are the graphs teaching material defined as illustrative usual media for defecting a logical

relationship between ideas and supporting facts according-kinds charts are the graphic aids depicting

information in the form of tables, pictures, graphics and diagram.

Type of charts:-

1.

Tree charts:A charts made in the form of several braches from the trunk of a tree such that thetrunk represents various development relationship or supports of the main idea.

2.Stream charts: -A stream charts is the graphic aid showing the main thought idea, concept inthe form of a main river.

3.Table charts: -Table charts are very valuable aid in the teaching situation where breakdownof a factor a statement contrast between 2 or more things.

4. Flow charts :-A flow charts is the graphic aids of a system requiring presentation in the formof connected lower diversion of the system in boxes and lines to show their relative positions in

the system the flow charts must show where the actually stands in a given system.


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A diagram is the simplified drawing of an object product appliance or process to explore finer

points of the same. A diagram is made to show relations with the help of lines and symbols

without the pictorial element.

IMPORTANT FEATURES:-

1. Make a diagram large enough to be seen simultaneously by the whole class.

2. Make the features of diagram sharp.

3. Include only the essentials and relevant part of diagrams which problem to topic.

4. Caption letters and labels the diagram broadly.

5. The diagram should be to the scale and proportional.


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A cartoon is a metaptiosical presentation of reality. It means learning more interesting and

effective as it draw a strong appeal to the emotions. In shorts ,a cartoon is a figurative and

suitable graphic aid.

Advantages:-

1.A cartoon can be effectively used to initiative cartoon lesson.

2.

A cartoon can be used to motivate students to start a discussion.

3.

A cartoon can be used for making lesson lively and interesting.

Disadvantage:-

1.While using cartoon an instruction aids the leadives thought to choose.

2.Cartoons difficulty as certain cartoons can be ensuring the personal feeling of students.

3.Especially the one which are foistic and causative towards certain social groups.


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Flash cards are small cards of generally 25*30cm c size which are shown for a few members

before the class to send across a message or impact an idea. The idea on the flash card should

be brief.

Advantage:-

1.Flash cards can be used to introduce and present topics.

2.Flash cads can be use to apply information already gained by student to new situation.

3.

Flash cards can be use to review the topic.

4.

Used for small groups not over 30 people.

5.10-12 cards for one talk can be used.

6. It can be used either individuality or in combination with other charts.

7. Prepare a picture for each idea .Which will give visual impact to the idea.


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It is good substitute for first experience it varies from a simple printed card to a complicated andartistic design.

It should be always parts of Campaign, it wills severe first to inspire the people and lastly it will

serve as a remainder to the group.

ADVANTAGES:-1. To make an instant appeal.

2 . To convey single idea or few ideas.3 . To be understood at o glance.

4 . To be Comprehensive at a distance and sufficiently clear.

5 . Suitable for education presenting scientific facts, showing safety measures or many other facets

relating to health.

DISADVANTAGE:-1. Planned for specified people

2. It should be timely it cant be used anytime. 3. It should be placed where people are more and there is more crowded area.

4. It is cheap but time consuming.

5. Writing matter is less.


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A chalk board are black isslightly abrasive writing surface made of wood ply. Hard board cement, ground glass ablauts

state plaster etc. white chalk slakes is generally used finger writing on the blacks board. Or

chalk board at times clouds chalks are used

For letters illustrations while using the Claus chalk. Get should le kept in mind that coleus must

have on aesthetic appeal.

Uses of blackboard:

1 It makes group instruction more concrete and understandable.2 It can restate the attention of the group.

3 Initiates aural visual sensations help in learning.

4 It provides lot of scope for creative & decorative work.

5 It provides many educational opportunities in all curricular activities. E.g. we can present:

symbolic representation, graphic demonstration, review the total lesson.

Advantage: 1. It is a convenient usual and for group teaching.2. It is economical teaching aid as it can be use over and again.3. The chalk board can work as an available supplementary teaching aid.

4. The chalk board cans wok as a good visual aid for details and revision.


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It will be used for both information and education purposes. It can motivate, supplement and

enrich learning, stimulate. It employs intrinsic through the medium of interest, curiosity and

desire for knowledge. The successful use of this aid depends on the interest, curiosity, curiosityand desire for knowledge. The successful use of this aid depends on the interest it inspires,

demands attention and promotes reflective thinking.

TYPES:1.

Flannel board.

2.

Magnetic board.

3.

Fixed type.

4.

Movable type.

5.

Folded type.

USES:1.

To communicate the idea.

2.

To describe the way of doing a particular item.

3.

To follow up instructions on things demonstrated and emphasized.

4.

Photographs to show local activities.

5.

To motivate the learner.

6.

To local announcement of important to all.7.

To add variety to the classroom activity.

8.

To provide information.

9.

To intensify information and utilize instruction.

10.

To present the ideas of many individual and localities, when the materials is from a

variety of information.


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Paper can be folded into two or five, the matter will be printed

either single sides or both sides.

Single sheet of paper folded to make full page of printed matter

on single slide.

The hericting of a session in a single sheet. Use simple, clear

language with short sentences. If needed sketches, graphs should be drawn and labeled give

titles and sub titles underline the key words.

The newspaper furnishes many examples which can be used to

introduce lessons. Health messages can be published in local language. The people may train to

read and interrupt the contents along with picture to enhance easy grasping.


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A model is a recognizable representation of a real thing three dimensionally. Height weight and

depth are left as a reality. This makes the understanding of the things easy and better.

Types:1.

Solid models.

2.

Cut a way cross sectional.

3.

Working models.

Advantages:1.

Models illustrate the application side of certain principle and laws.

2.

Models are lasting and ultimately workout to be chapter teaching aid.

3.

Models explain the complex and interact operation in a simplified way and thus make

easier.Limitations: Not all the material of models can be made in educational institution as they

require to make them properly also models at time can give a wrong

impression and conception of size real things.


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Collection of the real things before for instructional use reflex to object on the other hand

specimen is any typical object and specimens are the real things and use for classroom

teaching imparts a direct learning experience of student.

Advantage:1.Collection of object and specimen by student require interaction with others leading to

development of social skill & value.

2.Student when collect & display object & specimen satisfaction of contributory to the

school & teacher something while.

3.Student personal collection of object & specimen can be good source of doing projects.


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Puppetry is an education cum entertaining aid in which puppets manipulated by the

performer is a person termed as characters in a story to be depicted. A puppet is a

manipulative doll dressed as a character & the performer is a person termed as puppeteer.

A good puppeteer has to blend his art with dramatization to produce the desire effect. Apuppet show combines all the performing & fine arts.

USING PUPPECT AS INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS:1. The puppet action should be accompanied by short dialogues which are easily

comprehensible.

2. A puppet show should not have many characters. At the most four characters are

recommended.

3. Put in short duration songs & dances to arouse emotions.

4. The main problem or question should be introduced in the beginning of the puppet show

& answer comes out at the end of it to keep up interest & suspense.

Advantage:Puppet has all the advantage of dramatization along with providing entertainment. Also apuppet shoe can heighten the human emotion & capture attention.


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It project transparencies with brilliant screenimages suitable for use in a lighted room. The teacher faces the class as he uses OHIP &class

view projection.

Advantages:1.It permits the teacher to stand in front of the class which using the projector.

2.It offers a very flexible tool for teaching because a wide variety fo materials can be used

for different purpose.

3.It can be used in Farley well lightened room.

4.Materials projected can be changed easily quickly & shape can be presented &compared

colures may include &imposture can be controlled.5.To test student performance while others classmates observer.


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A slide is a small piece of

transparent material on which a single pectoral image or seen, graphic image has been

photograph or reproducing other wise the arrangement slide in proper sequence according to

proper topic is an important aspect of teaching, A teacher are imaginatively & creatively to

make the best use of them.

Advantage:

1.

Attract attention.

2.Arouse interest.

3.Assist lesson development.

4.Test student understanding.

5.Review instruction.

6.

Facilitate student teacher participation.

7.

Help in retention of the material taught in the pupils.


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Single image that is seen by means of a light passing through a projectile is usually given to

those materials which are projected in the OHP.

Advantage:-1.

It is cheap & affordable.

2.It is easy to prepare3.Compared colored can be used.

It is continuous strip of film containing of individual frames or pictures arranged in sequence,

usually with explanatory titles. Each strip contains from 12-18 or more pictures. It is fixed

sequence of related skills on a read of 35mm or 8mm film.

Advantage:-1.It is economically visual material.

2.

It is easy to make and convenient to handle and carry.

3.

Take up title space and can be easily stored.4.Can be projected on the screen on the wall or paper screen as convenient and according

to the teacher situation demand.

5.Provide a logical sequence of the teaching procedure and individual picture on they can

be kept before the student for the length of time.


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Video is electronic motion picture equipment which scan picture from magnetic tape on a

cathode ray tube screen. A video cassette player combines the advantage or both the motion

picture & tape recorder for teaching &training these days video are being used extensivelyspecially in the field education.

Advantage:-Video recording are easy to do and small studio &out door recording can bedone without elaborate arrangements using a video cassette recorder, good program can be

taped from television, directly for use at appropriate time operating a video player & a

button is to be pressed. Also no dark room facilities are required for video lesson. These are

useful on distance education programmer to update skill &technique of worker on the field.


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A demonstration is an activity to show how and providing proofs or happening in short. It is

a performance to show process or activity to others. When a teacher demonstrates, students

observe or imitates to team. This is a natural way of learning.

Stages of demonstration:-1.Pre planning.2. Rehearsal.

3. Performance.

4. Follow-up.

Advantages:-1.Demonstration engages studentsattention and operation.

2.This is good for acquiring and perfecting operation skills.

3.

It encourages students participation in learning through questions and answers at theteacher performer.


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Computer is a mediated device is findings more &more class

room application is many advanced count rips computer are used for class room instruction &

beginning as being made in out country too.Definition:Computer is defined as electronic equipment can store information & store data which can be

retrieved from it as when required.

Advantage:1.The CAI can be used for handl

2. ing a large body of student using computers terminals & as many as 4000 student can be

instructed simultaneously with this instructional procedure &by the time sharingtechniques.

3.

CAI provides the multidimensional learning through words graphics & problem solving

student.

4.The highs staring capacity of a computer allow many complete causes at time for student.

Limitations:-1.Computer is very costly price equipment with excessive use of CAI artistic competent of

students take a back seat.

2.

CAI does not help in developing the proficiency which depends more or direct experiencewith the reality.

3.As the student can not interact with the computer in human language the mechanical

response by presenting gives can become dull &frustrating.


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For a lichen, the field of teaching with A.V. aids is worthless, thus for a leaches it is must

that she should teach her student with the help of different A.V. aids as it bring life to theteaching subject also grant the confident as well as attentions of the student which makes

the class more interesting.

Thus the modern world need to the area of teaching to prepare the skillful teacher & are not

&effective the subject A.V. aids.


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B.T.Basvanthapa, Nursing Education, 1stedition, 2004, page:-422-460

Neeraja KP A Textbook of Communication & Education, 2nd

Edition , 2006. page:-

Gail W. Staurt and Michele T.Laraia , Principal & Practice of Psychiatric , 2nd

Edition Published by Mosby , St Louis Missouri. PP; 220-256

J.J. Gullibert; Educatinal hand book for health personnels;6th

edition, Publishers,

New Delhi. PP:- 75-136

Marilyn E. Parker; A Text book of Nursing Education; 1stEdition; 2003; Published

by CBC Jaypees Brother; New Delhi. PP :- 206-230

Websitewww.reading-Z.com

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