avian fauna of dhari tehsil, amreli, gujarat · avian fauna of dhari tehsil, amreli, gujarat parin...

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International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies 2020; 7(4): 98-108

ISSN 2347-2677

www.faunajournal.com

IJFBS 2020; 7(4): 98-108

Received: 16-05-2020

Accepted: 18-06-2020

Parin Dal

Animal Ecology and

Conservation Biology Research

Laboratory, Department of

Biosciences, UGC-Center of

Advance Studies, Saurashtra

University, Rajkot, Gujarat,

India

Iqbal Dal

Danev Society, Chalala, Amreli, Gujarat, India

Yogesh Khandla

Animal Ecology and






India

Dolatsang Vala

Animal Ecology and






India

Hitesh Kumar Parmar

Animal Ecology and






India

Corresponding Author:

Hiteshkumar Parmar

Animal Ecology and






India

Avian fauna of Dhari tehsil, Amreli, Gujarat

Parin Dal, Iqbal Dal, Yogesh Khandla, Dolatsang Vala and Hitesh Kumar

Parmar

Abstract The aim of the current survey is intended to study the diversity of avifauna in the seven selected sites of

the Dhari tehsil, Amreli district, Gujarat. A total of 155 species of birds distributed in 20 order, 63

families and 130 genera were recorded from the seven sites. Among all the sites, a maximum number of

genera and species were recorded in the Khodiyar Dam. As per the IUCN category, a total of 141 Least

Concern, 09 Nearly Threatened, 04 Vulnerable and 01 Critically Endangered species (White-rumped

Vulture) was recorded from the Chanchai and Paniya village. A total of 20 species from Appendix II and

one species from Appendix I and III (Dalmatian Pelican, Indian Peafowl) respectively from the CITES

database. In WPA status, a total of 124 species from Schedule IV, 09 species form Schedule I and one

species (House Crow) from Schedule V category. It is important for record of the database, monitoring

and protecting the bird's species and conservation of the sites.

Keywords: Checklist, conservation status, migratory status, site-wise distribution

1. Introduction

Worldwide a total of 9,672 species of birds have been reported by Sibley and Monroe [1]. In

India 1,263 species from 23 orders, 107 families and 492 genera listed by Praveen [2].

Parasharya listed 526 species and 76 families from the Gujarat state [3]; Ganpule listed 574

species of birds from the various localities of the Gujarat state [4]. 373 species of birds were

recorded by Avibase-Bird Checklists of the World from the Gir National Park [5]. Recently

such kind of multi-sites study on the avifaunal community of Visnagar city and vicinity areas

studied by Parihar in Gujarat [6, 7]. As per “bog” (http://birdsofgujarat.co.in/) a total of 54

species of birds were listed from the Amreli district. Dal and Vaghela reported18 species of

birds from the Shetrunji River, Dhari, Gujarat [8]. Thereafter no such records of the avifaunal

studies have found in this area. So, the current study deal with a checklist and systematics

updates of avifauna, site-wise comparison, conservation status and photographic

documentation of all the recorded birds’ species from the selected study area.

2. Study Area

Dhari is a tehsil of Amreli district which is located at 21.3266°N 71.0253°E (Fig 1A, B). It has

an average elevation of 216m above sea level. The present work was conducted during the

year of 2015 to 2019 from the seven selected sites namely; Chanchai village (21°14'47.2"N,

70°50'42.7"E), Paniya village (21°12'28.9"N, 70°51'56.5"E), Dalkhaniya village

(21°14'27.2"N, 70°55'41.0"E), Krangsa village (21°12'44.1"N, 70°57'35.6"E) Khodiyar Dam

(21°20'57.2"N, 71°02'40.1"E) Chalala village (21°25'06.8"N, 71°09'46.4"E) and Lakhapadar

village (21°17'57.5"N, 71°10'46.5"E) (Fig. 1C). The Climate of Dhari tehsil can be regarded as

one of an extreme kind with hot summers and cold winters throughout the year and the

monsoon is accompanied by moderate rainfall.

3. Field Methods and Identification

The study sites have visited 04 days in a month by four man-hours. Samplings were randomly

done by a visual encounter survey method and use a bird vocalization method (for some

canopy birds). For the data collection and field survey, a pair of binocular (Celestron Up-close

12x50 and Celestron Up-close G2 10x25), Point and shoot (Nikon Coolpix P900 and Fujifilm

HS 20) cameras were used to photography and observed the birds accurately. Identification of

avian species by using taxonomic books such as Ali and Ripley, Ali and Grimmett [9, 10, 11];

Birdlife International database and Birds of Gujarat [12, 13].

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International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies http://www.faunajournal.com

Xeno-canto database [14] used for birds calls and Systematic

were followed as per HBW and BirdLife International [12].

4. Data Analysis

Systematics and checklist of the recorded avifauna from study

area up to the genus and species level (Table 1). Site-wise

comparison based on the presence-absence similarity of

recorded avifauna by group average link from the study area

(index of Bray-Curtis) using BioDiversity Professional

version 2.0 by McAleece [15] in Fig. 3. Documentation of bird

photographs given in Plate A to C.

5. Results and Discussion

A total of 155 species of birds belong to 130 genera, 63

families and 20 orders. Among them, 123 species and 104

genera recorded from the Khodiyar Dam (S5); 113 species

and 95 genera from Paniya village (S2); 111 species and 96

genera from Lakhapadar village (S7); 106 species and 87

genera from Krangsa village (S4); 102 species and 87 genera

from Chanchai village (S1); 89 species and 75 genus form

Dalkhaniya village (S3); 68 species and 61 genera were

recorded from the Chalala village (S6) (Table 1, Fig. 2). Site

wise comparison of recorded bird’s species migratory status

described in details (Table 2).

5.1 Site-wise faunistic similarity of avifauna

The site-wise faunistic similarity shows that the first cluster

between Chanchai village and Paniya village at 92% faunistic

similarity, the second cluster shows between Krangsa and

Dalkhaniya village at 90% faunistic similarity and these both

clusters were connected to the leading group at 89% faunistic

similarity. The second group Chalala village associated with

77% faunistic similarities with the first group and the third

group (Khodiyar Dam and Lakhapadar village) was connected

with a second group at approximately 73% faunistic similarity

(Fig. 3).

5.2 Site-wise comparison of IUCN Red List of Threatened

species

From the IUCN red list of threatened species, the Khodiyar

Dam site has highest Least Concern species (113) followed by

Paniya village (108), Krangsa village (105), Lakhapadar

village (103), Chanchai village (97), Dalkhaniya village (88)

and Chalala village (67).

Under the Vulnerable category, a higher number of species

records in Khodiyar Dam site (03 species - Common Pochard,

Asian Woollyneck and Kashmir Flycatcher). 02 species

(Tawny Eagle and Kashmir Flycatcher) were recorded from

the Paniya village and Chanchai village. 02 species (Common

Pochard and Kashmir Flycatcher) were recorded from the

Lakhapadar village, and 01 species (Kashmir Flycatcher) was

recorded from the Dalkhaniya village, Krangsa village and

Chalala village.

Under the Nearly Threatened category, 07 species were

recorded from the Khodiyar Dam site.06 species recorded

from the Lakhapadar village, 02 species (Painted Stork,

Himalayan Griffon) were recorded from the Chanchai village

and Paniya village. Likewise, no such species recorded from

the Dalkhaniya village, Krangsa village and Chalala village

sites. Only White-rumped Vulture was recorded from the

Chanchai and Paniya village under the Critically Endangered

category (Table 1, Fig. 4).

5.3 Site-wise comparison of CITES species

From the Convention on International Trade in Endangered

Species list, under the Appendix, I category 01 species

(Dalmatian Pelican) was recorded from the Khodiyar Dam

and Lakhapadar village. Under the Appendix II category, 14

species from the Khodiyar Dam site. 13 species from the

Chanchai and Paniya village; 11 species from the Krangsa

village, 10 species from the Lakhapadar village, 08 species

from the Dalkhaniya village and 03 species (Spotted Owlet,

Shikra, Black-winged Kite) from the Chalala village were

recorded. Only one species (Indian Peafowl) was recorded

from the six study sites except for no records from the Chalala

village under the Appendix III category (Table 1, Fig 5).

5.4 Site-wise comparison of WPA species

In the Wildlife Protection Act (1972), 07specieswere similarly

recorded from the Chanchai and Paniya village under the

Schedule I category. The Khodiyar Dam site is the highest

number of species (100) followed by the Lakhapadar village

(88), Paniya village (87), Krangsa village (83), Chanchai

village (77), Dalkhaniya village (67) and Chalala village (49)

under Schedule IV category. Only01 species (House Crow)

was sighted from all the selected sites under the Schedule V

category (Table 1, Fig 6).

A total of 155 species of birds belongs to 130 genera, 63

families and 20 orders were recorded from the study sites

during the study period. Globally it represents 1.6% of the

total 9672 species [1]; 12.3% of the total 1263 species reported

from India [2]. 27% of the total 574 species reported from

Gujarat [4]; 41% of the total 373 species reported from the Gir

National park [5]. Among all the sites Khodiyar Dam and

Paniya village have a maximum number of species were

recorded. It concludes that these sites have very less

anthropogenic activities compare to other sites and Khodiyar

Dam site has both aquatic/ semi-aquatic and terrestrial habitat.

So, it can provide a more significant opportunity for birds for

shelter and food for existence (Table 1).

Table 1: Checklist of recorded avifauna from the study area.

Species Name Scientific Name Sites

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Order: Galliformes

Family: Phasianidae (Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse)

1. Common Quail D Coturnix coturnixLC + + + + - - -

2. Painted Francolin A Francolinus pictus LC + + + + - - -

3. Grey francolin A Francolinus pondicerianus LC + + + + + - +

4. Indian Peafowl A Pavo cristatus LC *** + + + + + +

Order: Anseriformes

Family: Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans)

5. Northern Pintail D Anas acuta LC - - - - + - +

6. Indian Spot-billed Duck A Anas poecilorhyncha LC - + - + + - +

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7. Bar-headed Goose C5 Anser indicus LC - - - - + - -

8. Common Pochard D Aythya ferinaVU - - - - + - +

9. Tufted Duck D Aythya fuligula LC - - - - + - -

10. Lesser Whistling-duck A Dendrocygna javanica LC + + + + + + +

11. African Comb Duck A Sarkidiornis melanotos LC ** + - - + + - +

12. Northern Shoveler I 1 Spatula clypeata LC - - - - + - +

13. Ruddy Shelduck C5 Tadorna ferruginea LC - - - - + - -

Order: Podicipediformes

Family: Podicipedidae (Grebes)

14. Little Grebe A Tachybaptus ruficollis LC + + - - + +

Order: Phoenicopteriformes

Family: Phoenicopteridae (Flamingos)

15. Lesser Flamingo A Phoeniconaias minorNT ** - - - - + - -

16. Greater Flamingo A Phoenicopterus roseus LC ** - - - - + - -

Order: Columbiformes

Family: Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves)

17. Rock Dove I Columba livia LC + + + + + + +

18. Eastern Spotted Dove A Spilopelia chinensis LC + + + + - - -

19. Laughing Dove A Spilopelia senegalensis LC + + + + + + +

20. Eurasian Collared-dove A Streptopelia decaocto LC + + + + + + +

21. Yellow-footed Green-pigeon C3 Treron phoenicopterus LC + + + + + + +

Order: Pterocliformes

Family: Pteroclidae (Sandgrouse)

22. Painted Sandgrouse G1, NA Pterocles indicus LC + + + + - - -

Order: Caprimulgiformes

Family: Caprimulgidae (Nightjars)

23. Jungle Nightjar A Caprimulgus indicus LC + + + + + + +

Order: Cuculiformes

Family: Cuculidae (Cuckoos)

24. Greater Coucal A Centropus sinensis LC + + + + + + +

25. Jacobin Cuckoo B Clamator jacobinus LC + + + + + + +

26. Western Koel A Eudynamys scolopaceus LC + + + + + + +

Order: Gruiformes

Family: Gruidae (Cranes)

27. Common Crane D Grus grus LC ** - - - - + - -

Family: Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Coots)

28. White-breasted Water-hen A Amaurornis phoenicurus LC + + + + + + +

29. Common Coot A Fulica atra LC - - - - + - +

30. Purple Swamp-hen A Porphyrio porphyrio LC - - - - + - -

31. Ruddy-breasted Crake G1 Zapornia fusca LC - + - - - - +

Order: Ciconiiformes

Family: Ciconiidae (Storks)

32. Asian Openbill A Anastomus oscitans LC - - - - + - -

33. Asian Woollyneck C2 Ciconia episcopusVU - - - - + - -

34. Painted Stork G3 Mycteria leucocephala NT + + - - + - +

Order: Pelecaniformes

Family: Ardeidae (Herons)

35. Common Little Bittern H Ixobrychus minutus LC + + - - + - -

36. Great White Egret A Ardea alba LC + + - + + - +

37. Grey Heron A4 Ardea cinerea LC - + - + + - +

38. Intermediate Egret A Ardea intermedia LC - + - + + - +

39. Chinese Pond-heron H Ardeola bacchus LC + + + + + - +

40. Indian Pond-heron A Ardeola grayii LC + + + + + + +

41. Cattle Egret A Bubulcus ibis LC + + + + + + +

42. Little Egret A Egretta garzetta LC - + - + + - +

43. Western Reef-egret A3 Egretta gularis LC - - - + - - -

44. Black-crowned Night-heron A Nycticorax nycticorax LC + + - - + - -

Family: Pelecanidae (Pelicans)

45. Dalmatian Pelican C5 Pelecanus crispusNT * - - - - + - +

46. Great White Pelican D Pelecanus onocrotalus LC - - - - + - +

Family: Threskiornithidae (Ibises, Spoonbills)

47. Eurasian Spoonbill A 1, # Platalea leucorodia LC ** - - - + + - +

48. Glossy Ibis C4 Plegadis falcinellus LC - - - - + - +

49. Red-naped Ibis A Pseudibis papillosa LC + + + + + + +

50. Black-headed Ibis A Threskiornis melanocephalusNT - - - - + - +

Order: Suliformes

Family: Anhingidae (Darters)


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51. Oriental Darter G 1 Anhinga melanogasterNT - - - - - - +

Family: Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants)

52. Little Cormorant E Microcarbo niger LC - + - + + - +

53. Great Cormorant E Phalacrocorax carbo LC - - - - + - +

54. Indian Cormorant A Phalacrocorax fuscicollis LC - - - - + - -

Order: Charadriiformes

Family: Burhinidae (Thick-knees)

55. Great Thick-knee C2 Esacus recurvirostrisNT - - - - + - -

Family: Charadriidae (Plovers)

56. Little Ringed Plover A Charadrius dubius LC - - - - + - -

57. Red-wattled Lapwing I Vanellus indicus LC + + + + + + +

58. Yellow-wattled Lapwing A Vanellus malabaricus LC - - - - - + -

Family: Glareolidae (Coursers, Pratincoles)

59. Indian Courser C2, NA Cursorius coromandelicus LC - - - - - + -

60. Little Pratincole C2, NA Glareola lactea LC - - - - + - -

Family: Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers)

61. Black-headed Gull D, NA Larus ridibundus LC - - - - - + +

Family: Recurvirostridae (Avocets, Stilts)

62. Black-winged Stilt A, NA Himantopus himantopus LC + + + + + + +

63. Pied Avocet D Recurvirostra avosetta LC - - - - + - -

Family: Rostratulidae (Painted-snipes)

64. Greater Painted-snipe C2 Rostratula benghalensis LC - - - - + - +

Family: Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes)

65. Common Sandpiper D Actitis hypoleucos LC - + - + + - +

66. Ruff I 1 Calidris pugnax LC - - - - + - +

67. Common Snipe D Gallinago gallinago LC - - - - + - +

68. Bar-tailed Godwit C5 Limosa lapponicaNT - - - - + - +

69. Black-tailed Godwit D Limosa limosa NT - - - - + - +

70. Red-necked Phalarope G7 Phalaropus lobatus LC - - - - + - -

71. Wood Sandpiper D Tringa glareola LC - + - + + - +

72. Common Redshank D Tringa totanus LC - + - - + - +

Order: Strigiformes

Family: Strigidae (Typical Owls)

73. Spotted Owlet A Athene brama LC ** + + + + + + +

74. Rock Eagle-owl G 1 Bubo bengalensis LC ** - + + + + - +

75. Brown Fish-owl G 1 Ketupa zeylonensis LC ** - + + + + - +

76. Indian Scops-owl C2 Otus bakkamoena LC ** + - - + - - -

Family: Tytonidae (Barn-owls)

77. Common Barn-owl C2 Tyto alba LC ** + + - - + - +

Order: Accipitriformes

Family: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles)

78. Shikra A, # Accipiter badius LC ** + + + + + + +

79. Tawny Eagle G 2, # Aquila rapaxVU ** + + - - - - -

80. Western Marsh-harrier D# Circus aeruginosus LC ** + + + - + - +

81. Black-winged Kite A # Elanus caeruleus LC ** + + + + + + +

82. White-rumped Vulture F # Gyps bengalensisCR ** + + - - - - -

83. Himalayan Griffon H # Gyps himalayensisNT ** + + - - - - -

84. Oriental Honey-buzzard A4, # Pernis ptilorhynchus LC ** + + + + + - -

Family: Pandionidae (Osprey)

85. Osprey D# Pandion haliaetus LC ** - - - - + - +

Order: Bucerotiformes

Family: Upupidae (Hoopoes)

86. Common Hoopoe D, NA Upupa epops LC + + + + + + +

Order: Coraciiformes

Family: Alcedinidae (Kingfishers)

87. Common Kingfisher A Alcedo atthis LC + + - + + - +

88. Pied Kingfisher A Ceryle rudis LC + + + + + - +

89. White-throated Kingfisher I Halcyon gularis LC + + + + + + +

Family: Coraciidae (Rollers)

90. Indian Roller A Coracias benghalensis LC + + + + + + +

91. European Roller C Coracias garrulus LC + + + + + + +

Family: Meropidae (Bee-eaters)

92. Asian Green Bee-eater A , NA Merops orientalis LC + + + + + + +

Order: Piciformes

Family: Picidae (Woodpeckers)

93. Black-rumped Flameback A Dinopium benghalense LC + + + + - - -

94. Yellow-crowned Woodpecker A Leiopicus mahrattensis LC + + + + - - -


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Order: Psittaciformes

Family: Psittacidae (Parrots)

95. Plum-headed Parakeet A Psittacula cyanocephala LC ** + + + + - - -

96. Rose-ringed Parakeet I Psittacula krameri LC + + + + + + +

Order: Passeriformes

Family: Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers)

97. Clamorous Reed-warbler A2 NA Acrocephalus stentoreus LC + + + + + + +

98. Booted Warbler D, NA Iduna caligata LC + + + + + + +

99. Sykes's Warbler D, NA Iduna rama LC + + + + + + +

Family: Aegithinidae (Ioras)

100. Common Iora A Aegithina tiphia LC + + + + + + +

Family: Alaudidae (Larks)

101. Oriental Skylark C2 Alauda gulgula LC + + + + + + +

102. Black-crowned Sparrow-lark I Eremopterix nigriceps LC + + + + + + +

103. Crested Lark A Galerida cristata LC + + + + + + +

104. Sykes's Lark G1 Galerida deva LC + + + + + + +

105. Indian Bush-lark A Mirafra erythroptera LC + + + + + + +

Family: Campephagidae (Cuckoo-shrikes)

106. Small Minivet A Pericrocotus cinnamomeus LC - - - + - - +

107. White-bellied Minivet G5 Pericrocotus erythropygius LC - - - + - - +

Family: Cisticolidae (Cisticolas and allies)

108. Common Tailorbird A , NA Orthotomus sutorius LC + + + + + + +

109. Rufous-fronted Prinia A , NA Prinia buchanani LC + + + + + + +

110. Ashy Prinia A ,NA Prinia socialis LC + + + + + + +

Family: Corvidae (Crows and jays)

111. Large-billed Crow A Corvus macrorhynchos LC + + + + - - -

112. House Crow I ### Corvus splendens LC + + + + + + +

113. Rufous Treepie A Dendrocitta vagabunda LC + + + + + + +

Family: Dicaeidae (Flowerpeckers)

114. Thick-billed Flowerpeckers A Dicaeum agile LC + + + + - - -

Family: Dicruridae (Drongos)

115. Black Drongo I Dicrurus macrocercus LC + + + + + + +

Family: Emberizidae (Buntings, American sparrows and allies)

116. Crested Bunting C2 Emberiza lathami LC - - - + - - -

117. Black-headed Bunting D Emberiza melanocephala LC + + + + - - -

Family: Estrildidae (Waxbills, grass finches, munias and allies)

118. Indian Silverbill A Euodice malabarica LC + + + + + + +

119. Scaly-breasted Munia A Lonchura punctulata LC + + + + - - -

Family: Hirundinidae (Swallows and martins)

120. Red-rumped Swallow A , NA Cecropis daurica LC + + + + + + +

121. Wire-tailed Swallow A , NA Hirundo smithii LC - + - + + - +

122. Dusky Crag Martin A , NA Ptyonoprogne concolor LC + + + + + + +

Family: Laniidae (Shrikes)

123. Long-tailed Shrike A , NA Lanius schach LC + + + + - - -

124. Bay-backed Shrike A , NA Lanius vittatus LC + + + + + + +

Family: Leiotrichidae (Laughing thrushes and allies)

125. Jungle Babbler A , NA Turdoides striata LC + + + + + + +

Family: Monarchidae (Monarchs)

126. Indian Paradise-flycatcher A2, NA Terpsiphone paradisi LC + + + + + + +

Family: Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits)

127. Paddy-field Pipit A Anthus rufulus LC + + + + + + +

128. White Wagtail D Motacilla alba LC + + + + + + +

129. Western Yellow Wagtail D Motacilla flava LC + + + + + + +

Family: Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World flycatchers)

130. Oriental Magpie-robin A Copsychus saularis LC + + + + + + +

131. Bluethroat D Cyanecula svecica LC + + + + + - +

132. Tickell's Blue-flycatcher A Cyornis tickelliae LC + + + + + + +

133. Red-breasted Flycatcher D Ficedula parva LC + + + + + + +

134. Kashmir Flycatcher F1 Ficedula subrubra VU + + + + + + +

135. Blue Rock-thrush G8 Monticola solitarius LC + + + + - - +

136. Black Redstart D Phoenicurus ochruros LC + + + + + + +

137. Pied Bushchat D Saxicola caprata LC + + + + + + +

138. Common Stonechat D Saxicola torquatus LC + + + + + + +

Family: Nectariniidae (Sunbirds)

139. Purple Sunbird A Cinnyris asiaticus LC + + + + + + +

Family: Oriolidae (Orioles and fig birds)

140. Indian Golden Oriole A Oriolus kundoo LC + + + + + + +


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Family: Passeridae (Sparrows, snow finches and allies)

141. Chestnut Bush-sparrow A Gymnoris xanthocollis LC + + + + - - -

142. House Sparrow A Passer domesticus LC + + + + + + +

Family: Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers)

143. Sulphur-bellied Warbler D Phylloscopus griseolus LC - + - - - - -

Family: Pittidae (Pittas)

144. Indian Pitta C1 Pitta brachyuran LC ** + + - + - - -

Family: Ploceidae (Weavers and allies)

145. Baya Weaver A Ploceus philippinus LC + + + + + + +

Family: Pycnonotidae (Bulbuls)

146. Red-vented Bulbul I Pycnonotus cafer LC + + + + + + +

Family: Stenostiridae (Fairy Flycatcher and allies)

147. Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher C5 Culicicapa ceylonensis LC + - - - - - -

Family: Sturnidae (Starlings)

148. Common Myna I Acridotheres tristis LC + + + + + + +

149. Brahminy Starling I Brahminy Starling LC + + + + + + +

150. Rosy Starling I 1 Pastor roseus LC + + + + + + +

Family: Sylviidae (Old World warblers)

151. Yellow-eyed Babbler G 1 Chrysomma sinense LC + + - + - - -

Family: Timaliidae (Babblers and parrot bills)

152. Tawny-bellied Babbler A Dumetia hyperythra LC + + + + - - -

Family: Turdidae (Thrushes)

153. Orange-headed Thrush F Geokichla citrina LC - + - - - - -

Family: Vangidae (Vangas)

154. Common Wood-shrike A , NA Tephrodornis pondicerianus LC + + + + - - +

Family: Zosteropidae (White-eyes)

155. Indian White-eye A Zosterops palpebrosus LC + + + + + + +

Abbreviation: “+” Denotes Presence and “-” is absence.Site names: S1-Chanchai, S2-Paniya, S3-Dalkhaniya, S4-Krangsa, S5-Khodiyar Dam,

S6-Chalala, S7-Lakhapadar.International Union for Conservation Nature Red-list, 2020:LC: Least concern, VU: Venerable, NT: Nearly

threatened, CR: Critically Endangered from Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Database, 2020:

*Denotes Appendix. I, ** Appendix. II and *** Appendix. III.Wildlife Protection Act of India, 1972: Schedule category I (#), Schedule category

V (###), Not Assigned (NA) and excluded all the species are in Schedule category IV.MS-Migratory status (Ganpule, 2016):A-Common

resident, A1-Common resident and local migrant, A2-Common resident and migrant, A3-Common resident and winter migrant, A4-Common

resident and winter visitor, B-Common monsoon migrant, C-Common to uncommon autumn passage migrant, C1-Common to uncommon

monsoon migrant (breeding), C2-Common to uncommon resident, C3-Common to uncommon resident and local migrant, C4-Common to

uncommon resident and migrant, C5-Common to uncommon winter visitor, D-Common winter visitor, E-Fairly common resident, F-Rare

resident, F1-Rare winter visitor, G-Uncommon monsoon /breeding migrant, G1-Uncommon resident, G2-Uncommon resident and local winter

migrant, G3-Uncommon to locally common resident, G4-Uncommon to rare migrant, G5- Uncommon to rare resident, G6-Uncommon to rare

winter visitor, G7-Uncommon winter migrant, G8-Uncommon winter visitor, H-Vagrant, H1-Vagrant (passage migrant), I-Very common

resident, I1-Very common winter visitor.

Table 2: Site-wise comparison of Migratory status

Code Name Total S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

A Common resident 70 56 59 51 59 56 38 51

A1 Common resident and local migrant 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

A2 Common resident and migrant 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

A3 Common resident and winter migrant 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

A4 Common resident and winter visitor 2 1 2 1 2 2 0 1

B Common monsoon migrant 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

C Common to uncommon autumn passage migrant 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

C1 Common to uncommon monsoon migrant (breeding) 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0

C2 Common to uncommon resident 9 3 2 1 3 6 2 3

C3 Common to uncommon resident and local migrant 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

C4 Common to uncommon resident and migrant 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

C5 Common to uncommon winter visitor 5 1 0 0 0 4 0 2

D Common winter visitor 27 13 17 13 14 23 10 21

E Fairly common resident 2 0 1 0 1 2 0 2

F Rare resident 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0

F1 Rare winter visitor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

G1 Uncommon resident 7 3 6 4 5 4 1 5

G2 Uncommon resident and local winter migrant 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

G3 Uncommon to locally common resident 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1

G5 Uncommon to rare resident 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

G7 Uncommon winter migrant 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

G8 Uncommon winter visitor 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1

H Vagrant 3 3 3 1 0 2 0 1

I Very common resident 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10


~ 104 ~


I1 Very common winter visitor 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 3

Abbreviations: MS-Migratory status (Ganpule, 2016):A-Common resident, A1-Common resident and local migrant, A2-Common resident and

migrant, A3-Common resident and winter migrant, A4-Common resident and winter visitor, B-Common monsoon migrant, C-Common to

uncommon autumn passage migrant, C1-Common to uncommon monsoon migrant (breeding), C2-Common to uncommon resident, C3-

Common to uncommon resident and local migrant, C4-Common to uncommon resident and migrant, C5-Common to uncommon winter visitor,

D-Common winter visitor, E-Fairly common resident, F-Rare resident, F1-Rare winter visitor, G1-Uncommon resident, G2-Uncommon resident

and local winter migrant, G3-Uncommon to locally common resident, G5- Uncommon to rare resident, G7-Uncommon winter migrant, G8-

Uncommon winter visitor, H-Vagrant, , I-Very common resident, I1-Very common winter visitor.

Fig 1: A. Location of study area in India. B. Location of study area in Gujarat. C. Study sites 1. Chanchai, 2. Paniya, 3. Dalkhaniya, 4. Krangsa,

5. Khodiyar Dam, 6. Chalala, 7. Lakhapadar.

Fig 2: Site-wise summary of Order, Family, Genus and Species


~ 105 ~


Fig 3: Site-wise faunastic similarity of recorded avifauna

Fig 4: Site-wise comparison of IUCN species

Fig 5: Site-wise comparison of CITES species recorded


~ 106 ~


Fig 6: Site-wise comparison of Wildlife Protection Act species recorded

Plate A: 1. Indian Peafowl, 2. Common Pochard, 3. African Comb Duck, 4. Lesser Flamingo, 5. Greater Flamingo, 6. Common Crane, 7. Asian

Woollyneck, 8. Painted Stork, 9. Dalmatian Pelican, 10. Eurasian Spoonbill, 11. Black-headed Ibis.


~ 107 ~


Plate B: 11. Oriental Darter, 12. Great Thick-knee, 13. Bar-tailed Godwit, 14. Black-tailed Godwit, 16. Spotted Owlet, 17. Rock Eagle-owl, 18.

Brown Fish-owl, 19. Indian Scops-owl, 20. Common Barn-owl, 21. Shikra, 22. Tawny Eagle, 23. Western Marsh-harrier, 24. Black-winged

Kite.

Plate C: 25. White-rumped Vulture, 26. Himalayan Griffon, 27. Oriental Honey-buzzard, 28. Osprey, 29. Plum-headed Parakeet, 30. House

Crow, 31. Kashmir Flycatcher, 32. Indian Pitta.


~ 108 ~


6. Conclusion

Khodiyar Dam site attracted a tremendous amount of

avifaunal species compare to other sites, that’s why this site

records the maximum number of nearly threatened and least

concern species. White-rumped Vulture was sighted only

from Paniya and Chanchai villages. So, these sites are

significant to conserve for the critically endangered species.

Common resident birds observed enormously at Paniya and

Krangsa villages, it may due to the buffer zone from two

ecosystems (forest ecosystem and agro land) and very scarce

anthropogenic accomplishments. Hence they can disperse

certainly from these habitats. Such high diversity and species

richness in the bird’s community refracted that these sites

provide enough resources to sustain and sheltered for the

avifaunal community.

7. Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Mr. G. M Dangar (Village: Dhari)

and Mr. Shahin Dal (Village: Chalala) for the field assistance,

birds species identification, and useful discussion.

8. References

1. Sibley CG, Monroe BL. Distribution and taxonomy of

birds of the world. Yale University Press, 1990, 1111.

2. Praveen J, Jayapal R, Pittie A. A checklist of the birds of

India. Indian Birds. 2016; 11(5&6):113-72.

3. Parasharya BM, Borad CK, Rank DN. A checklist of the

birds of Gujarat. Bird Conservation Society, Gujarat,

2004, 1-26.

4. Ganpule P. The birds of Gujarat: Status and distribution.

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5. Lepage D. Checklist of the birds of Gir National Park.

Avibase, the world bird database, 2020. Available:

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community of Mehsana, north Gujarat. Asian Journal of

Advances in Research. 2020b; 4:21-31.

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9. Ali S, Ripley SD, Handbook of the birds of India and

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12. HBW, Bird Life International. Handbook of the Birds of

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the birds of the world. Version 4, 2019. Link:

http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxono

my/HBWBirdLife_Checklist_v4_Dec19.zip [.xls zipped

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13. Birds of Gujarat, 2019. Link:

https://www.birdsofgujarat.in.

14. Xeno-canto database, 2019. Link: www.xeno-canto.org.

15. McAleece N, Gage JD, Lambshead PJ, Paterson GL.

BioDiversity Professional statistics analysis software.

Jointly developed by the Scottish Association for Marine

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Link: https://www.sams.ac.uk /science/outputs/


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