aviation basic aviation history one perspective for air force cadets
TRANSCRIPT
AVIATION BASIC
Aviation History
Just one perspective
Hot Air BalloonsOn November 21, 1783, in Paris,
France, the first untethered, manned
flight was made in a hot air balloon
created on December 14, 1782 by
the Montgolfier brothers
Hot Air Balloons
Unmanned flights were made much
earlier (220–280 AD) The Chinese
used airborne lanterns for military
signalling. These lanterns are known
as Kongming lanterns
Hot Air BalloonsProfessor Thaddeus Lowe aloft in the
balloon PIntrepid observing a battle
during the Peninsular Campaign near
Fair Oaks, Va. May-August 1862
(American Civil War)
Lawrence Hargrave
Hargrave successfully lifted himself off the ground under a train of four of his box kites at Stanwell Park Beach on 12 November 1894
He developed a rotary
aircraft engine in 1889
Early Unmanned Flight
1901 First successful flying model propelled by an internal combustion engine
Samuel Pierpont Langley builds a gasoline-powered version of his tandem-winged "Aerodromes." the first successful flying model to be propelled by an internal combustion engine. As early as 1896 he launches steam-propelled models with wingspans of up to 15 feet on flights of more than half a mile.
Samuel Pierpont Langley
Quarterscale
model, 1896 pic it
shows Langley's
1896 quarter scale
aircraft model in
his workshop
First Flight
A dispute on who was first seems to have been won by USA thanks to their publicity machine
Richard Pearse, Waitohi, New Zealand, March 31, 1902
Wright Brothers Dayton Ohio USA December 17, 1903
Richard Pearse
Postal Issue for the Centenary
of Pearse's flight 1903-2003
Pearse’s Engine The engine that he made was extremely
clever. It was a twin cylinder and piston device, but the pistons worked in both directions so that it was effectively a four cylinder piston engine.
Wilbur & Orville Wright Possibly influenced by
Hargraves’ work these bicycle makers started with Box Kites and developed them into a heavier than air powered aircraft. They flew gliders as early as 1901
Wilbur Wright pilots the
1902 glider over the Kill
Devil Hills, October 10,
1902. The single rear
rudder is steerable; it
replaced the original fixed
double rudder
Wilbur & Orville Wright
The Wright Flyer III over
Huffman Prarie, October 4,
1905, Orville piloting. Note
he is still in, which would not
be changed by the brothers
until 1908
First Landing on ship
First fixed-wing
aircraft landing
on a warship:
Ely landing his
plane on board
the USS
Pennysylvania in
San Francisco
Bay, 18 January
1911.
First Flight France to England
Louis Bleriot
Starting the engine, 25 July 1909
First Flight in Australia
was made in 1910 by Harry Houdini
World War 1 allied aircraft
Sopwith
Camel Approximately
5,490 Camels
were built and
credited with
shooting down
1,294 enemy
aircraft, more than
any other Allied
fighter of the war
World War 1 German The Fokker Dr.I
Dreidecker Triplane
was built by Fokker
Flugzeugwerke. The
Dr.I saw widespread
service in the spring
of 1918. It became
renowned as the
aircraft in which
Manfred Von
Richtoven gained
his last 19 victories
Australian Flying Corps Founded 1913
Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2 First
Australian Squadron
Deperdussin Monoplane
Point Cook 1914,
First all metal Aircraft
Junkers J 1 all metal "technology
demonstrator" pioneer aircraft, at
FEA 1, Döberitz, Germany in late
1915, undergoing flight
preparations
Sole survivor
First Flight England to Australia
Ross and Keith Smith's Vickers Vimy biplane, 1919. (G-EAOU) the
registration being whimsically said to stand for "God 'elp all of us"
QantasIn August 1920, former AFC officers Hudson Fych and Paul McGinness bought an Avro 504 aircraft and established what later became known as the Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Service (Qantas). By 1922, a scheduled mail service operated between Charleville and Cloncurry, and operations had moved from Winton to Longreach. By 1927, the service had extended first to Camooweal then Normanton. In 1929, the route extended to Brisbane and the company moved its headquarters there.
First Flight England to Australia
The Vimy was also famous for the first non-stop crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by Allcock & Brown
in June 1919
Spirit of St Louis is the custom-built, single engine,
single-seat monoplane that was flown solo by Charles Lindbergh on May 20–21, 1927, on the first non-stop flight from New York to Paris
First Solo Flight England to Australia
Bert Hinkler's Avro
Avian. Hinkler flew
the first solo flight
between England and
Australia, departing
England on 7
February 1928 and
arriving in Darwin on
22 February 1928
Australia women aviation pioneers
Millicent Bryant(1878 - 1927) became the first Australian woman to gain a pilot's licence on 28 March 1927. She drowned later that same year in a Sydney ferry accident.
Maud Bonney started flying in 1931 and became the first pilot to fly between Brisbane and Cape Town. In 1933, she flew from Darwin to England to gain the title of the first woman to fly from Australia to England.
Freda Thompson(1906 - 1980) was the first female flying instructor in Australia and the British Empire, gaining her Instructor's Rating in 1933. In 1934, she was the first Australian woman to fly solo from England to Australia.
Australia women aviation pioneers
Nancy Bird-Walton
DH.85 Leopard Moth
Nancy became the youngest commercially licenced female pilot in the British Commonwealth in 1934. The following year, she ran an air ambulance service in outback New South Wales. Nancy became known as the 'Angel of the Outback' for her work with the Royal Far West Children’s Health Scheme. She flew many hours in her Leopard Moth, operating the first aerial baby clinic and aerial charter services. During the Second World War she became Commandant of the Women's Air Training Corps and in 1950 she founded the Australian Women Pilots’ Association
The Zepplins
Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin was the inventor of the rigid airship, or dirigible balloon. Zeppelin went to the United States in 1863 to work as a military observer for the Union army in the American Civil War, making his first balloon flight while he was in Minnesota. He served in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, and retired in 1891 with the rank of brigadier general. He spent nearly a decade developing the dirigible. The first of many rigid dirigibles, called zeppelins in his honour, was completed in 1900. He made the first directed flight on July 2, 1900. In 1910, a zeppelin provided the first commercial air service for passengers. By his death in 1917, he had built a zeppelin fleet, some of which were used to bomb London during World War I. However, they were too slow and explosive a target in wartime and too fragile to withstand bad weather. They were found to be vulnerable to antiaircraft fire, and about 40 were shot down over London.After the war, they were used in commercial flights until the crash of the Hindenburg in 1937.
Hindenburg
The
Hindenburg
disaster at
Lakehurst,
New Jersey
on May 6,
1937 brought
an abrupt
end to the
age of the
rigid airship.
England Australia
Short C Class Empire 1938
Aircraft Transport 1930’s style
Short S.21
Maia(G-ADHK)
which was a
variant of the
Short "C-Class"
Empire flying-
boat fitted with
a trestle or
pylon on the top
of the fuselage
to support the
Short S.20
Mercury(G-
ADHJ)
WWIIDe Havilland Tiger Mothfirst flight on October 26, 1931Following first deliveries in 1939, the RAAF operated 861 Tiger Moths in all, 712 of which were locally produced
WWIIThe Wirraway (Aboriginal for 'Challenge' or "Challenger") was the first product of the new, privately owned Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation (CAC), 755 were built between 1939 and mid-1946. The RAAF's last Wirraway flight was in December 1958 at Point Cook, Victoria. They were replaced by Winjeels
WWIIThe Anson was the RAAF's first retractable undercarriage, low wing monoplane, and served in great numbers (1,028 aircraft) following 1935 orders, when the RAAF set out to modernise its equipment.
WWII2 squadrons of Bristol Blenheims were operational by August 1940, the 22 and 42 Squadrons of Coastal Command.
2 huge German Battleships were among the numerous attacks on shipping and laying hundreds of mines.
WWIITo the Japanese, the Beaufighter became known as "The Whispering Death"
WWII Curtiss Kittyhawk well remembered by RAAF Base Williamtown
WWII The RAAF flew Spitfires in the Western Desert and in PNG
WWII and beyond The Mustang was one of the great combat
aircraft of World War 2. Although it saw only limited RAAF service in World War 2, the RAAF operated over 500 until 1959
WWII Douglas Dacota ( C47, DC 3)
“the most vital to our success in Africa and Europe were the bulldozer, the jeep, the 2 1/2 ton truck, and the C-47 airplane. Curiously enough, none of these is designed for combat."Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
Gas Turbine Engines Sir Frank Whittle applied for the first patent
in 1930, and was awarded the patent in 1932. He was ignored by the UK Government of the day. It took 7 years to develop a prototype
Gas Turbine Engines German Hans von Ohain was granted a
patent for his turbojet engine in 1936. it was the first to fly in 1939. Frank Whittle'sjet first flew in 1941.
Gas Turbine Engines Sir Frank Whittle’s first flight
Whittle's engineering
genius led to the creation
of several other aircraft:
the RAF's Gloster Meteor,
which saw action during
the latter stages of the
Second World War; the
de Havilland Comet, the
world's first passenger jet,
and Concorde.
Concorde's maiden flight
in 1969 set the seal on
Whittle's endeavours.
Qantas In 1947, the Australian Government buys all shares in Qantas; the
airline introduces Constellation aircraft on the London route and operates its first flight to Japan
Aussi Jets A79 DHA Vampire built at CAC in 1949, they were flown by 75
and 76 Squadrons. Flying ceased in 1954 however 2 seater trainers were still used until replaced by Macchi MB-326H aircraft from 1968
Aussi Jets Gloster Meteors, 77 Squadron RAAF, Korea, c.1951 it was the
first jet to be flown in Australia, over Melbourne in June 7 1946 @ 490MPH
First Jet Airliner De Havilland Comet On 2 May 1952, as part of
BOAC's route-proving trials, G-ALYP took off, the world's first jetliner
Comet 4 Spot the difference
Comet 4 The NIMROD served with the RAF in the Faulklands, Gulf War,
Afghanistan and Iraq War. All Nimrod variants had been retired by mid-2011
First RAAF Helicopter The Sikorsky S51 commercial helicopter first
flew on February 16 1946
Super Constellation In 1957 Qantas pioneers round the world
services, using Super Constellations The total flying time was about 128 hours.
Super Constellation always had a smoky engine start
A-84 GAF CANBERRA entered service with 82 Wing in December 1953,
replacing the Lincoln. No2 Squadron was sent to Vietnam as part of Australia's commitment, remaining there until June 1971. Overall, 11,963 sorties were flown in Vietnam, 76,389 bombs dropped and two aircraft lost. Retired 30 June 1982
79 Squadron Sabre
3 Fighter Generations
Mirages over Newcastle