avionics: mandates, data link & navigation
TRANSCRIPT
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Avionics Session
Moderated BY:
Carey Miller
Monday, March 21, 2016 | 3:30 p.m. – 4:45 p.m.
International Operators Conference | San Diego, CA | March 21 – 24, 2016
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Agenda
• Carey Miller, Universal Avionics
– Basic Overview of FANS, DCL, ADS-B, & Link 2000+
• Mike Mitera, Chicago Jet Group/Kobev
– Data Link Issues and Testing Considerations
• Mitch Launius – Air Training International
– Waypoints, Half Degree and More
• Jeff Holt – Honeywell
– Using GPS in non-WGS-84 Airspace
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CNS/ATM Improvements
• Global Air Traffic Growing 4-5% per Year (IATA)
• Increase Airspace Capacity = Improved Aircraft Equipage and Ground Infrastructure
• Communication
– Domestic VHF voice Data Link
– Oceanic HF voice Satcom (both voice & data)
• Navigation
– Sensor-based (ex. Loc & GS) Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) – GNSS, RNP, RNAV
• Surveillance
– Radar ADS-B (higher update rate)
• Air Traffic Management
– Time-based operations Trajectory and Performance-based
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FANS 1/AWhat is it?
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• Provides Data Link Communication with ATC through Satcom (Inmarsat or Iridium) or VHF
• AFN Logon: Air Traffic Service Facilities Notification Logon
• Provides the air traffic service unit with aircraft information (ADS-C, CPDLC, Tail Number, ACARS Address, correlation with flight plan, etc.)
• ADS-C: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract
• Provides digital automatic position reports to ATC
• CPDLC: Controller Pilot Data Link
• Provides digital communication for requests and intervention
Network
ATC
Satcom or VHF
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FANS 1/ANorth Atlantic Mandate
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• Approximately 1400 North Atlantic Track Crossings per Day and increasing (only 6% Corporate)
• Approximately 88% of all North Atlantic Track Crossings are FANS 1/A Equipped and increasing
• Current Separation 10 minutes in trail, 60 nm (1 degree) lateral and 1000ft vertical
• Approaching Airspace Saturation
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FANS 1/ANorth Atlantic Mandate
• Primary Goal: Improved Safety
• Secondary Goal: Reduced Separation
• Reduced Longitudinal Separation Minimum (RLongSM)
– Proposed separation 5 minutes in-trail
– Provides aircraft the ability step climb for greater fuel efficiency
• Reduced Lateral Separation Minimum (RLatSM)
– Proposed separation 1/2 degree (30nm) lateral
• Both require approval for FANS (ADS-C & CPDLC) & RNP 4 (using GNSS)
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FANS 1/AToday’s FANS Mandate
Date Mandate Details
February 2015 “Phase 2A” Expanded FANS 1/A
Airspace
ALL NAT Organized Track System (OTS)
FL350-FL390 (inclusive and no exemptions)
Nov. 12, 2015 RLatSM in NATS (trials) Phase 1 Three center (most desirable) tracks will have a
½ degree track between them. RNP 4 required
Feb 4, 2016 MNPS Airspace Naming Will be called “NAT High Level Airspace”
Nov., 2016 RLatSM in NATS Phase 2 All OTS FL350-FL390 will have a ½ degree
track between them. RNP 4 required (except NY
FIR)
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FANS 1/ATomorrow’s FANS Mandate
Date Mandate Details
Dec., 2017* “Phase 2B” Expanded FANS 1/A
Airspace
FANS1/A required in all ICAO NAT region FL350-
FL390 (inclusive)
Jan. 30, 2020* “Phase 2C” Expanded FANS
1/A Airspace
FANS 1/A required in all ICAO NAT region FL290
and above. MNPS standards no longer apply.
Need RNP 2, 4, or 10 approval. RNP 4 required
for RLAT
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*Will not apply if surveillance is available by radar or ADS-B (essentially, the Blue Spruce Routes”)
*Will not apply if above 80 degrees North
*Excludes NY FIR until FAA Regulations are updated
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FANS 1/AOperational Benefits
• Significantly Improved Communications
• Large quantity of HF traffic is no longer an issue
• Poor quality of HF is no longer an issue
• Language barrier is no longer an issue due to message set
• Deviation from Flight Plan Clearance can be Detected Sooner
• Lower stress on crew, resulting in Increased Safety!
• FANS CPDLC can now be used with the U.S Data Comm Data Link Clearance “DCL” program.
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CPDLC “DCL” BENEFITS
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• Provides a significant time savings vs voice operations
• Clearance can be changed until departure
• At busy airports, operators with DCL capability will be able to start engines and taxi much quicker than with voice
• Equipment and STC’s exist today
• Will be expanded to enroute operations
• High traffic airports are being added every week
• Letter of Authorization is not required
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Site Name Site
ID
ARTCC
ID
IOC Site Name Site
ID
ARTCC
ID
IOC Site Name Site
ID
ARTC
C ID
IOC Site Name Site
ID
ARTC
C ID
IOC
Boise (Non-DCL) BOI ZLC 06/10/15 New Orleans MSY ZHU 01/21/16 Louisville SDF ZID 02/10/16 Newark EWR ZNY 02/12/16
KS 1: Salt Lake City SLC ZLC 08/07/15 Austin AUS ZHU 02/04/16 Cincinnati (Non-DCL) CVG ZID 03/10/16 J F Kennedy JFK ZNY 02/25/16
KS 2: Houston Intcl IAH ZHU 09/03/15 San Antonio SAT ZHU 02/19/16 Indianapolis IND ZID 03/07/16 La Guardia LGA ZNY 03/14/16
KS 3: Houston Hobby HOU ZHU 09/10/15 Los Angeles LAX ZLA 03/10/16 Columbus (Non-DCL) CMH ZID 03/11/16 Teterboro TEB ZNY 03/28/16
NAP – NAP Intgr Compl N/A ZLC/ZT
L
09/30/15 Las Vegas LAS ZLA 03/28/16 Memphis MEM ZME 04/04/16 Westchester HPN ZNY 04/11/16
San Diego SAN ZLA 04/11/16 Nashville BNA ZME 04/18/16 Philadelphia PHL ZNY 04/25/16
John Wayne SNA ZLA 04/25/16 Adams Field (Non-DCL) LIT ZME 04/21/16 Boston BOS ZBW 05/16/16
Burbank BUR ZLA 05/09/16 Denver DEN ZDV 05/09/16 Providence (non-DCL) PVD ZBW 05/31/16
Ontario ONT ZLA 05/23/16 Atlanta ATL ZTL 05/23/16 Bradley BDL ZBW 06/14/16San Francisco SFO ZOA 06/14/16 Charlotte CLT ZTL 06/07/16 Albany (Non-DCL) ALB ZBW 06/14/16
Oakland OAK ZOA 06/28/16 Piedmont (Non-DCL) GSO ZTL 06/07/16 Detroit DTW ZOB 07/06/16
San Jose SJC ZOA 07/13/16 Jacksonville JAX ZJX 06/28/16 Cleveland CLE ZOB 07/20/16
Sacramento SMF ZOA 07/27/16 Orlando MCO ZJX 07/13/16 Pittsburgh PIT ZOB 08/03/16
Reno (Non-DCL) RNO ZOA 07/27/16 Miami MIA ZMA 08/03/16 Buffalo (Non-DCL) BUF ZOB 08/03/16
Phoenix PHX ZAB 08/17/16 Ft Lauderdale FLL ZMA 08/17/16 Balt/Wash BWI ZDC 08/24/16
Albuquerque ABQ ZAB 08/31/16 Tampa TPA ZMA 08/31/16 Dulles IAD ZDC 09/08/16
El Paso (Non-DCL) ELP ZAB 08/31/16 Palm Beach PBI ZMA 09/15/16 Reagan DCA ZDC 09/22/16
Seattle SEA ZSE 09/22/16 San Juan (Non-DCL) SJU ZMA 09/15/16 Raleigh/Durham RDU ZDC 10/06/16
Portland PDX ZSE 09/22/16 St Louis STL ZKC 10/06/16 Andrews (Non-DCL) ADW ZDC 10/06/16
Dallas Love DAL ZFW 10/13/16 Kansas City MCI ZKC 10/20/16 Chicago Midway MDW ZAU 10/27/16
Dallas FTW DFW ZFW 10/27/16 Tulsa (Non-DCL) TUL ZKC 10/20/16 Chicago O’Hare ORD ZAU 11/10/16
Will Rogers (Non-DCL) OKC ZFW 10/27/16 Minn-St Paul MSP ZMP 11/10/16 Milwaukee (Non-DCL) MKE ZAU 11/10/16
Honolulu (Non-DCL) HNL 11/03/16 Eppley Field (Non-DCL) OMA ZMP 11/10/16
Anchorage (Non-DCL) ANC 11/10/16
Key Sites Group A Group B Group C
TDLS Sites Color Key
CPDLC DCL Site
Enhanced PDC Only Site
Site Operational
Data Communications – Tower Implementation
• Waterfall reflects challenge schedule dates (calendar year)̶ Baseline schedule Tower deployment dates are 2016-2019
• Status as of March 11, 2016
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FANS 1/AGuidance Material
• FAA Data Link Website
– http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/enroute/oceanic/data_link/
– AC 120-70C - Operational Authorization Process
– AC 20-140A – Data Link System Design Approval
– Data Link Approval Checklist
– Operator Guide to Data Link Approval
– GOLD – Global Operational Data Link Document, Rev. 2
• ICAO Document developed for operators and air traffic service providers as a global standard
• Operators should review Chapter 1, 2, 5, & App E
– AC 91-70A – Oceanic and International Operations
– New York CPDLC NOTAM (31 May, 2006)
– Data Link News – non-FAA site with good data link Information
• Be aware the link name might be different than the actual document title and file name
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FANS 1/AHow Do I Get It?
• Install FANS 1/A equipment under STC or OEM Service Bulletin (AC 20-140b)
– WAAS FMS Update (required by most solutions)
– Communications Management Unit (Unilink)
– Annunciator “cube” or integrated into displays
– Aural Alert
– Data Capable CVR Required (AC 20-160)
– Level “D” Satcom system
– Letter of Authorization from the FAA
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What is ADS-B Out?
• Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast
– Cornerstone of the U.S. NextGen initiative
– Provides more information, with less delay to ATC than traditional radar
– Eliminates costly radar sites
– Allows for reduced separation
• Mandated in the U.S. by January 1st, 2020
• European mandate is June 7th, 2020
• Already required in Australia and other countries
• Essentially, required if flying above 10,000 ft and/or around airports with a control
tower
Will This Mandate Slip?
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Federal Aviation Administration
June 25, 2014 Statement of Michael G. Whitaker, FAA Deputy Administrator before the
Senate Committee on Commerce, Subcommittee on Aviation on NextGen: A Review of
Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities for Improving Aviation Safety and Efficiency:
• “Let me be very clear. The 2020 deadline is not going to change. We are in a
position to achieve this important milestone on time. The cost of equipment has come
down considerably. There is sufficient maintenance capacity to allow all equipage to
occur – in fact, waiting to equip might cost more if aircraft owners crowd repair stations
to get the work done on the eve of the deadline.”
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ADS-B Out
Are you considering complying with this mandate closer to January 1st, 2020?
– There are only ~ 990 working days until the mandate (as of 3-15-2016)
– Avionics manufacturers are offering incentives to equip today
– Avionics installation facilities have capacity today
– Engineering firms and Certification Agencies have capacity today
Still Considering Waiting?
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ADS-B Out - Compared to RVSM
• RVSM mandate in 2005 affected only ~ 6,500 corporate aircraft (excluded most turboprops)
– Corporate fleet RVSM installation effort took approximately 36 months (24 months before and 12 months after) or around 180 per month
– Capable avionics shops were full
– Some operators flew below 29,000 feet until they were able to equip
• ADS-B, comparable installation complexity and downtime
– Corporate aircraft consist of ~ 18,500 (jets and turboprops-Amstat May 2015) that will have to equip
– At the same rate, installations should have started in:
April 2011
– At a rate of 360 aircraft per month, installations should have started in:
October 2015
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ADS-BDifferences from RVSM
The FAA is prepared as compared to RVSM
Operators will essentially be “grounded” until they
comply
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LINK 2000+Summary of Requirements
• Applies to all IFR aircraft flying in European airspace above
FL285
• Applicable to new and retrofit aircraft in Feb 2020
• Required aircraft capabilities:
– CMU with VDL Mode 2 Radio
– Link 2000+ Message Set (ATN-B1)
– WAAS FMS (UASC Aircraft)
• Meets ADS-B accuracy requirement by 2020
• WAAS/LPV will be the next big push in EU
• ANSPs must implement ground systems
before February 5th, 2018 in the Link Region
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• When do you plan on equipping your fleet to comply with the ADS-B Out
Mandate? (no wrong answer)
– 1. 2016
– 2. 2017
– 3. 2018
– 4. 2019
– 5. Never – Sending aircraft to the bone yard
– 6. I don’t know
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