avoided deforestation through carbon trading in buffer zones of protected areas in northern lao pdr...
TRANSCRIPT
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Avoided Deforestation through Carbon trading in Buffer Zones of Protected
Areas in Northern Lao PDR
Pilot Activities and Research in the Lao-German Program Rural
Development in Mountainous Areas (RDMA)
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MSc Research Projects
• Fabian Noeske University of Applied Sciences, (Forestry) Rottenburg , Germany
Evaluation of secondary forest succession biomass following shifting cultivation
• Barbara Dannemann, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany (Supervisor: Prof. J.Müller)
Assessment of secondary succession bamboo biomass after shifting cultivation
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Major Threads for Protected Areas
• Shifting cultivation and forest fires in the bufferzones
• Unplanned and illegal extension of rubber cultivation ( up to 300000 ha expected during the next decade)
• Illegal logging
• Hunting and non sustainable extraction of NTFP‘s
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Shifting cultivation landscape
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Clearing by fire for rubber cultivation
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Bamboo dominated regeneration
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Major constraints for development
• Remoteness, limited road infrastructure
• Limited market access
• Average cash income levels between 150-250 $ US per family per year
• Limited access to health and education facilities
• Weak extension services
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Largest per capita CO2 emitters
Highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Largest per capita CO2 emitters, and highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Areas with highest ecological vulnerability
Highest vulnerability towards climate change vs. largest CO2 emissions (from fossil fuel combustion and cement production, and including land use change, kg C per person and year from 1950 - 2003)
Highest vulnerability vs. largest per capita CO2 emissions
Highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Largest per capita CO2 emitters, and highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Areas with highest ecological vulnerability
Highest vulnerability towards climate change vs. largest CO2 emissions (from fossil fuel combustion and cement production, and including land use change, kg C per person and year from 1950 - 2003)
Largest per capita CO2 emitters
Highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Largest per capita CO2 emitters, and highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Areas with highest ecological vulnerability
Highest vulnerability towards climate change vs. largest CO2 emissions (from fossil fuel combustion and cement production, and including land use change, kg C per person and year from 1950 - 2003)
Largest per capita CO2 emitters
Largest per capita CO2 emitters, and highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Areas with highest ecological vulnerability
Highest vulnerability towards climate change vs. largest CO2 emissions (from fossil fuel combustion and cement production, and including land use change, kg C per person and year from 1950 - 2003)
Largest per capita CO2 emitters
Highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Largest per capita CO2 emitters, and highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Areas with highest ecological vulnerability
Highest vulnerability towards climate change vs. largest CO2 emissions (from fossil fuel combustion and cement production, and including land use change, kg C per person and year from 1950 - 2003)
Largest per capita CO2 emitters
Highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Areas with highest ecological vulnerability
Highest vulnerability towards climate change vs. largest CO2 emissions (from fossil fuel combustion and cement production, and including land use change, kg C per person and year from 1950 - 2003)
Largest per capita CO2 emitters
Highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Largest per capita CO2 emitters, and highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Quelle: Schellnhuber, 2007
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Potential of Carbon trading in the context of rural development• High ratio (5-15 ha) of forest area per
capita
• Carbon fixation potential 20 to 60 tons per person or 100-300 tons per family /year
• Potential income levels through carbon trading regimes 500-1500 $ US per year and per family
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Issues of Carbon Trading Mechanism
• Government‘s willingness to accept rural population as an actor in the forest protection and carbon trading mechanism
• Percentage share of carbon credits on national and provincial level
• Transaction costs (monitoring)• Absorption capacity for carbon payments on
village level (productive investments, micro finance, baseline payments per person, social security fund)
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Elements of a Biodiversity Protection/Carbon Trading RDMA
Component• Support dialogue on C-trading on national forest
policy level• Definition of bufferzones in District Development
Plans• Village land use plans and land /forest allocation• Forest protection and sustainable utilization• Fire protection strategies on village level• Development of a Carbon monitoring system• Strengthening micro-finance components• Productive investments in alternative land
development (irrigation, livestock, timber, NTFPs)• Industrial level utilization of bamboo resources
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Tinpha Village Agriculture 530 Regeneration Forest 309 Conservation Area 162 Village Use Forest 268 Protected Forest 138 Village Area 6 Total 1412 Population 2005 339 Total Forest/ Head 2.6 Agricultural Area/ Head 1.6
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Forest Carbon Sample Plot (15 years)
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Forest Carbon Sample Plot
Results of first plot measurements Secondary forest at age 15 years
• Number of Stems : 5497 /ha• Total volume of live trees: 84.5 m³/ha• Total volume dead trees: 78.5 m³/ha• Total volume (solid) live bamboo: 80.5m³/ha• Present annual carbon stored in live tree biomass: 1.7 t /ha/year• Potential carbon storage (?) 5.0 t/ha/year
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Biomass per DBH-Class
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
<=1.99 2-3.9 4-5.9 6-7.9 8-9.9 10-11.9 12-13.9 14-15.9 16-17.9 18-19.9
DBH-Class in cm
N-T
ree
s
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Bio
mas
s/k
g
Number ofTrees perDBH-Class
Biomass inKg per DBH-Class
*Bamboo and Deadwood not included
Diameters and Biomass of 15 Year Forest Plot (0.15 ha)
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Bamboo Sample Plot
Results of plot measurements in 15 year secondary bamboo succession
• Number of bamboo clumps: 1332 /ha
• Total biomass of live bamboo: 76 t/ha
• Dead biomass: 140 t/ha
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Clumps and Live-Biomass of 15 year old Bambusa tulda succession
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 - 2.5 2.5 - 5 5 - 7.5 7.5 - 10 10 - 12.5 12.5 - 15 >15
Girth classes
No.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
kg
Clumps/ha
Dry Biomass/ha
Barbara Dannemann, University Hohenheim, Germany, 2007
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Micro finance
• RDMA operates some 150 village levels banks in target provinces
• Capital on average 3000-5000 $US per bank• Development of District and Province level
second tier organizations• Linkages to private sector micro finance
institutions• Successfull implementation of project activities
on loan basis ( livestock, agricultural processing)
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Bamboo management
• Bamboo biomass dominates succesional processes where multiple shifting cultivation cycles have taken place or cycles have become shorter then 5 years
• Bamboo prevents establishment of tree succession
• Bambbo creates an unmanageable fire danger ( fuel loads up to 200 t/ha) due to flowering/dyback in 10-15 years cycles
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BambooTransport in Relation to Skidding System & Distances
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Rafting of Bamboo
• Construction time for a 3 ton bamboo raft is estimated at 3 man-days.
• Transport distances of about 50 km will result in costs of about 6.5 $ US per ton.