avondale 5 ecological assessment report july 2007

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EAST KILBRIDE COMMUNITY GROWTH AREAJACKTON, EK

Ecological Assessment

July 2007

For

Geddes Associates

On behalf of

CALA Homes (West) and Lynch Homes

JDCecology


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East Kilbride Community Growth Area: Ecological Assessment

Geddes/cala/ekcga/290607FinalJDC Ecology Limited

JDC Ecology LimitedEcological and Wildlife Consultancy

Cleuch FarmCrawfordjohn

BiggarSouth Lanarkshire

ML12 6ST

Tel +44 (0) 1864 504278Fax +44 (0) 1864 504069

www.jdcecology.co.ukEmail [email protected]


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CONTENTS

Page

Summary 1

1.0 Introduction 31.1 Context 31.2 Site Description 31.3 Scoping 3

2.0 Methodologies 4

3.0 Results 53.1 Phase 1 Habitat 53.2 European Protected Species 10

3.2.1 Otter 103.2.2 Bats 11

3.3 UK Protected Species 113.3.1 Badgers 113.3.2 Water Voles 12

3.4 Other Mammal Species 123.5 Breeding Birds 123.6 Amphibians 13

4.0 Potential Impacts of Development 134.1 Potential Impacts 134.2 Habitat Development 144.3 Species 15

5.0 Conclusions 16

6.0 Recommendations 17

Refer to Tables

Table 3.1 Phase 1 Habitat Target Notes 7Table 3.2 Summary of Bat Activity 11Table 3.3 Breeding Birds 12

Refer to Figures

Figure 1 Phase 1 Habitat SurveyFigure 2 Mammal Survey ResultsFigure 3 Bird Survey Results

Refer to Appendices

Appendix 1 Legislation Summary Appendix 2 Recommended Planting Mixes


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SUMMARY

Baseline ecological surveys were carried out from May to July 2007 at East Kilbride Community GrowthArea to the south west of Jackton. The purpose of the assessment was to ensure that any protectedhabitats and species are identified and taken into consideration in the planning of future developmentsand that planning policies are adhered to. Surveys undertaken were: Phase 1 Habitat Survey, BreedingBird Survey, Mammals (otter, water vole, badgers, bats), amphibians, and record of any other species

seen during these surveys, ie brown hare.

The survey area contains fourteen Phase 1 Habitat categories. More than 95% of the survey area isagricultural, mainly improved and poor semi-improved fields (approximately 80% of the area).Approximately 15% of the ground is given to arable, unimproved, and semi-improved fields. Less than5% of the ground is covered with mixed plantation woodland, although mixed plantation woodland shelterbelts, and hedgerows with and without mature trees line many of the field boundaries. Watercourses runthrough the site, principally the Gill Burn, and a pond (presumably a man-made SUDS pond) is present inthe north. No rare or notable plant species were recorded either in the grassland or the woodlandcomponents.

European Protected Species are present otters and bats. Signs of otter (spraints) were recordedthroughout the site. No holts or resting places were recorded and it is concluded that otters are notbreeding on or immediately adjacent to the site, and are most likely crossing the site to access the

amphibian forage resource in the ponds.

Common and Soprano Pipistrelle bats were recorded foraging across the site. No roosts were recordedduring any survey event although it is possible from activity that a roost exists at Easterhouse andpossibly at Newhouse Farm. It is also likely that bats are roosting in houses along this edge of EastKilbride and commuting to the site for forage purposes. There are many trees within the site that havepotential for bats to roost, either singly or in numbers, and the buildings within the site also have potential.Future development will need to repeat bat survey, targeting any buildings that may be impacted and anysuitable trees that may require felling or other arboricultural works.

No badger setts or other evidence for badgers were recorded on site. JDC Ecology have recorded abadger dung pit whilst undertaking unrelated survey work c.300m off site to the south east. Badgers aretherefore in the area and the habitats on site represent good foraging habitat for them.

The habitat conditions are suitable for water vole and burrows were located in several locations bothwithin and outwith the survey area. Evidence suggests that water voles are not present and burrows arethose of brown rat.

Overall the agricultural nature of the site limits the number of bird species that could be present werethere a wider range of habitats and a greater extent of habitat such as woodland and scrub, ungrazedgrassland, and richer watercourse corridors. Species present are those typical of this type of landmanagement in Central Scotland.

The pond at the Police Training Centre has an excellent population of frogs. Frog spawn was recorded(drying out) in the possible quarry area to the west, and tadpoles were recorded in the pond to thenorthwest of the Police Training Centre (outside the site). No newts were recorded of any species. Thepond population can be maintained by development of the proposed pond adjacent to the existing pond,provided that the new pond(s) are in place before removal of the existing pond, and that removal of theexisting pond is undertaken outwith the spawn and growth season.

Overall and given the size of the site the survey area is generally ecologically poor. It lacks any longestablished and diverse woodland or wooded areas, diverse species rich grassland, areas of diverse soilor geomorphological variety, diverse watercourses or sizable water bodies. Ecological quality anddiversity is suppressed by a largely monoculture of improved grass fields. Localised improved conditionsappear to be the result of unmanaged fields or wet low-lying ground. The most significant habitats arefound in the mature trees that form the shelter belts and screening cover around farm buildings andhouses, and along the hedgerows. Opportunities exist within these trees for birds, bats and invertebratesand the linear features (hedgerows) create a corridor network linking to other habitats.


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If the land is released for development several actions will need to be instigated to maintain the existinglevel of biodiversity on the site, and to avoid adversely impacting the status of protected species: Repeatprotected species surveys at appropriate points in the development schedule; maintain liaison betweenan ecologist and the Landscape Architect from the concept masterplan to detailed design; consider aLandscape and Habitat Management Plan to ensure medium to long term protection and enhancement ofthe sites ecological and landscape value; include specific Protection Plans for otters, bats, and birds, andother protected species should they arrive at the site during the development process, and; design all

green spaces that are not required strictly for amenity use, including the Gill Burn corridor, the new SUDSponds, shelter belts, and hedgerows ecologically to maximise the sites value.


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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Context

This report was commissioned on behalf of CALA Homes (West) and Lynch Homes with regardto baseline ecological surveys at East Kilbride Community Growth Area to the south west ofJackton. Surveys were carried out in May and June with bat surveys continuing into July.

The assessment is required to ensure that any protected habitats and species are identified andtaken into consideration in the planning of future developments and that planning policies areadhered to.

1.2 Site Description

The area of land is located at NS 599 526 (a central grid reference for the survey area) to thewest of the Hairmyres, East Kilbride, on the periphery of the existing built zone. It is bounded byagricultural land to the west, north and south, with the built zone (Hairmyres, Mossneuk andNewlandsmuir) to the east.

The survey area is comprised largely of improved fields, used for grazing sheep, cattle andhorses. There are a number of shelter belts consisting of both broadleaved trees (beech, ash,birch) and conifers (pine, larch). The hedgerows found throughout the area are largely made upof hawthorn with mature beech and ash trees. Some grassland areas to the north of the surveyarea have been left unmanaged, possibly as a result of changes, due to the construction of thePolice Training Centre (PTC) and as a result have changed species compositions.

Several watercourses pass through the area, the main one being the Gill Burn into which severalothers flow, eventually entering into the White Cart Water to the west.

1.3 Scoping

A meeting was held with Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) to obtain their views with regard to thevalue of the site, its context in the local area, and the potential for development of the site. Aninformal response was also received from South Lanarkshire Councils Biodiversity Officer, Mr.Riddell.

Scottish Natural Heritage

SNH were consulted on the current masterplan proposals (Drg No 0713.011) and agreed inprinciple with this plan.

European protected species (EPS) and LBAP species should be prioritised for survey effort andmitigation. With regard to EPS and for the purpose of clarity disturbance to EPS is defined assomething that affects the breeding success of the species, or interferes with the rearing ofyoung, or impacts its distribution within its natural range

There should be a strong framework of open space within the built areas that links with thecentral green area and other green areas to the outside of the site.

Planting arrangements and species should provide maximum benefit to biodiversity.

1. Maintain and enhance strong structural shelter belts and a linked framework throughout thesite.

2. Provide good access provision linked to exterior networks3. It is doubted if there is any peat on site and JDC should confirm this.4. SNH to email records of rare and nationally scarce species to JDC5. Break density of housing with high density in core area with lower density at the

peripheries.


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South Lanarkshire Council Biodiversity Officer

Mr Riddell summarised the findings of the Phase 1 Survey he currently has (Jacobs Babtie(2006) South Lanarkshire Phase 1 Habitat Survey Report, B1512600 July 2006. A Report toSouth Lanarkshire Council), and made the following observations.

1. The Gill Burn and its tributaries should be retained as the hub to the surrounding network ofhedgerows, shelterbelts and plantations. Watercourses must remain free of culverting.Links between greenspace within East Kilbride and the wider countryside will therefore bemaintained, in line with Local Plan prescriptions.

2. Where hedgerows and shelterbelts must be sacrificed to development, these shouldpreferably be those composed of non-native species unless some other conservationfeature can be determined to favour their retention.

3. Where shelterbelts are to be retained, measures to enhance structural diversity andcomposition of tree species should be implemented i.e. thinning, under-planting with nativespecies and woodland expansion.

4. Existing hedgerows and shelterbelts should form the edge to new woodlands in order toenhance colonisation by native ground floras, invertebrates etc.

5. Where hedgerows and woodlands are retained in housing areas, some investigation as tothe implications of long term management should be investigated.

6. New woodland/Amenity planting should be composed of native tree and shrub species thatreflects NVC woodland communities that would be expected in the area naturally. There isno reason why native species cannot be utilised aesthetically in landscaping.

7. Ponds should be retained on site wherever possible and incorporated into the landscapingof the development.

8. Existing ponds should not be replaced by, or compensated for, by SUDS. SUDS canhowever be complimentary to aquatic and other biodiversity if in relatively close proximity toexisting ponds through the increase in habitat availability. SUDS in turn benefit through

speedier colonisation by native plants and animals after creation and maintenanceoperations.

BASELINE ASSESSMENT

2.0 METHODOLOGIES

Habitat

Phase 1 Habitat Survey was undertaken using standard Phase 1 methodology as outlined in theJNCC Handbook for Phase 1 Habitat Survey(JNCC, 1990). All parts of the site were walked andmapped, and target notes were taken where areas of habitat were too small to map, or to providefurther information on features of note.

During Phase 1 Habitat Survey note was taken of the actual or likely presence of faunal speciessuch as birds, bats, badger, otter, water vole, red squirrel, amphibian species, and particularinvertebrate habitat niches.

Weather conditions were good during the period of survey and there were no constraints toaccess or general movement.


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Mammals

The site was comprehensively searched for otter, water vole, badgers, and bats. Breeding sitesand places of shelter were recorded as well as any other field signs of presence. Watercourses,drains and ditches were searched where access was achievable up to 250m up and downstreamof the site for otter and water vole, and a buffer around the site of up to 100m was used forbadgers, again where access was achievable.

Bat survey was undertaken in June and July (10 June, 19, 23, 27 July). The site was surveyed atdusk on 4 separate occasions, recording species present, any areas of high activity, and anyactivity that may indicate a roost. Surveyors were present from 9pm to between 11.30pm to 1am.Heterodyne detection equipment was employed.

Breeding Birds

Breeding birds were surveyed using standard transact methodology across the site. Survey wasundertaken between 6am and 9am on dry mornings in May and June. Birds were mapped in thezones up to 250m from the transect lines.

Amphibians

Watercourses and water bodies were checked for signs of amphibians. Netting, egg search andtorching methods were employed.

3.0 RESULTS

3.1 Phase 1 Habitat Survey

Fourteen Phase 1 Habitat categories were recorded plus boundary features.

A1.3.2 Mixed Plantation WoodlandA2.2 Scattered ScrubA3.1 Scattered TreesB2.1 Unimproved Neutral GrasslandB2.2 Semi-improved Neutral GrasslandB4 Improved GrasslandB5 Marshy GrasslandB6 Poor Semi-improved GrasslandG1 Standing WaterG2 Running WaterJ1.1 ArableJ1.2 Amenity GrasslandJ2.1.2 Intact Hedge Species poorJ2.2.2 Defunct Hedge Species poor

More than 95% of the survey area is agricultural, mainly improved and poor semi-improved fields(approximately 80% of the area). Approximately 15% of the ground is given to arable,unimproved, and semi-improved fields. Less than 5% of the ground is covered with mixedplantation woodland, although mixed plantation woodland shelter belts, and hedgerows with andwithout mature trees line many of the field boundaries.

Watercourses run through the site, and a pond (presumably a man-made SUDS pond) is presentin the north.

No rare or notable plant species were recorded either in the grassland or the woodlandcomponents.

The Phase 1 Habitat map (Figure 1) follows this section and is accompanied by a full list of targetnotes.


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Woodland & Hedgerow

Mixed plantation woodland with ash (Fraxinus excelsior), poplar (Populus sp(p)), oak (Quercussp(p)), cherry (Prunus sp(p)), alder (Alnus sp(p)), birch (Betula sp(p)), pine (Pinus sp(p), andlarch (Larixsp(p) occurs around the most northerly field (Target Note 10). The trees form more ofa shelter belt and are a mix of both mature and more recent plantings (c 15yrs). The conifers aremainly confined to the east, west and north of the former estate grounds and surround an area of

open improved grassland.

The woodland here, and in other shelter belts south of Jackton are lacking shrub and field/groundlayers, and are in most part open to grazing. However, the mature trees found within the shelterbelts and along the hedgerows present opportunities for breeding birds, bats and invertebratespecies.A small triangular area planted up with Scots pine (2 trees), birch, alder and hawthorn is presentto the east, and was formerly fenced. This would have allowed this small copse to develop betterstructure, but it is now open and grazed. The trees have holes, cracks, crevices suitable for birdsand/or bats.

Grassland

The grasslands are largely improved and hard grazed, lacking any unimproved margins or areasfenced off from grazing stock. Some of the fields to the north of the survey area, around Jacktonand the Police Training Centre, have been either left intentionally unmanaged in recent times orare possibly under changed ownership and are no longer part of the agricultural landscape. Thehabitat within these areas is changing, with tall course grasses such as tufted hair grass(Deschampsia cespitosa) beginning to dominate along with rushes (Juncus spp). However,opportunities exist for a wider range of species to gain a foothold and sedges (Carexspp) areestablished along with a wider group of grasses and herbs including Yorkshire fog (Holcuslanantus), Fescues (Festuca spp), cocks-foot (Dactylis glomerata), Timothy (Phleum pratense),meadow foxtail ( Alopecurus pratensis), crested dogs-tail (Cynosurus cristatus), broadleaveddock (Rumex obtusifolius), white clover (Trifolium repens), creeping buttercup (Ranunculusrepens), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), marsh thistle (Cirsium palustre), creepingthistle (C. arvense) and colts-foot (Tussilago farfara).

Where the grasslands are wetter they begin to take on species suitable to marsh conditionsincluding reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), marsh

willowherb (E. palustre), wavy bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa), cuckooflower (C. pratensis),marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) and marsh thistle (Cirsium palustre).

Waterbodies/Watercourses

A pond occurs within the site south of the Police Training Centre and is possibly SUDS for theCentre. It is fenced and covers an area approximately 40m x 20m. A smaller pool is located 15maway to the west. The pond is well developed with a surround of reed sweet grass ( Glyceriamaxima), common reed (Phragmites australis), rushes (Juncus spp), bulrush (Typha latifolia),water mint (Mentha aquatica), marsh marigold and water forget-me-not (Myosotis scorpioides).Frogs, toads, and otters were all recorded around this pond and pool.

Another small pool occurs west of this pond at the edge of the site. It is in an area that may havebeen quarried and that appears to be wet although water drains away. Frog spawn was present

at the time of survey.

An area of standing water was present in one of the northern fields (Target Note 3) at the time ofsurvey. The water was shallow and is likely to be temporary at times of heavy rain. There is nodevelopment of pond vegetation.

The Gill Burn running along the east edge of Jackton Farm (Target Note 7) is approximately 2mwide before it courses to the north under Eaglesham Road and has a substrate of cobbles andsolid bedrock. It is not a significant watercourse in terms of habitat but does provide wildlifecorridor linkage through the site. This is the case for all of the watercourses running through the


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site. Grazing has restricted the development of good edge habitats along the watercourses.Small fish are present (most likely three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)), and frogsoccur occasionally, but in general the watercourses would benefit from removal of grazing.

Target NotesThe following target notes should be read in conjunction with the following Figure 1.

Table 3.1: Phase 1 Habitat Target Notes

TargetNote

Grid Reference Description

1 NS 589 532 Outside the boundary of the survey areaOtter spraint (1 old) at NS 58988 53270

2 NS 590 532 Otter spraint (1 old) on large boulder at NS 59001 53201

3 NS 592 533 The lower part of the field is flat/level and flooded at the time ofsurvey. Cattle/sheep can access the wet ground, althoughpoaching was not significant. A pair of mallard duck (Anas

platyrhynchos) were recorded in the pool of water and two piedwagtail (Motacilla alba) were noted around the margin. The waterwas relatively shallow and would appear to be of a temporarynature.

4 NS 592 531 The lower part of the field and the adjacent small field (east side)are largely dominated by rushes (Juncus spp) principally softrush (Juncus effusus), and retaining water. However, no poolswere noted at the time of survey.

5 NS 592 530 A small public park with mown grassland, shrubs and childrensplay equipment.

6 NS 594 533 Wet grassland dominated by rushes (Juncus effusus mainspecies). Tufted hair grass (Deschampsia cespitosa), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea), great willowherb (Epilobiumhirsutum), marsh willowherb (E. palustre), wavy bittercress(Cardamine flexuosa), cuckooflower (C. pratensis), marshmarigold (Caltha palustris) and marsh thistle (Cirsium palustre)were also recorded.

Field voles (Microtus agrestis) were found throughout the area.Otter spraints (2 old) were recorded on the southern bank of GillBurn at Grid Reference NS 59385 53339.

A male reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) was recorded withinthe rushes. 1grey wagtail (Motacilla cinerea) flying along the burn.

7 NS 593 531 Watercourse along edge of field and series of buildings. Thechannel measures approximately 2m wide before it courses to thenorth under Eaglesham Road and has a substrate of cobbles andsolid bedrock.

Field vole signs (feeding and droppings) were noted along theedge of the watercourse.

8 NS 594 530 Yard area, with a number of pieces of machinery, sheds, etc. The

ground around the yard is compacted and mainly devoid ofvegetation.

9 NS 594 530 Small area, turned over possibly for horse training.

10 NS 594 535 Mixed plantation woodland with ash (Fraxinus excelsior), poplar(Populus sp(p)), oak (Quercus sp(p)), cherry (Prunus sp(p)), alder(Alnus sp(p)), birch (Betula sp(p)), pine (Pinus sp(p), and larch(Larixsp(p). The gardens to the north are surrounded by mixedshrubs (mainly exotic). The plantation trees are a mix of bothmature and more recent plantings (c 15yrs). The conifers aremainly confined to the east, west and north of the former estategrounds and surround an area of open improved grassland


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TargetNote


11 NS 594 533 Two house with gardens. One garden was mown and clearlymore managed. The other had a mix of trees and shrubs (willow(Salixspp.), elder (Sambucus nigra), cherry, birch and hawthorn(Crataegus monogyna). The grassland within the untendedgarden had a richer mix of species (or at least a more evident

mix).12 NS 595 531 Brown hare (Lepus europaeus)

13 NS 595 532 The area of grassland would appear to have been disturbed possibly even raised. This may be the result of work carried out inbuilding the nearby Police Training Centre.

The grassland is neutral in its overall habitat conditions speciesinclude Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanantus), Fescues (Festuca spp),cocks-foot (Dactylis glomerata), Timothy (Phleum pratense),meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis), tufted hair grass, cresteddogs-tail (Cynosurus cristatus), sedges (Carex spp.), rushes(Juncus spp), broadleaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), whiteclover (Trifolium repens), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus

repens), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), marshthistle, creeping thistle (C. arvense) and colts-foot (Tussilagofarfara).

14 NS 596 531 Pond possibly SUDS (Police Training Centre). The pond isfenced and covers an area approximately 40m x 20m. A smallerpool is located 15m away to the west.

The pond has a surround of reed sweet grass (Glyceria maxima),common reed (Phragmites australis), rushes (Juncus spp),bulrush (Typha latifolia), water mint (Mentha aquatica), marshmarigold and water forget-me-not (Myosotis scorpioides).

An estimated 1000+ clumps of frog spawn were recorded aroundthe margins of the pond the majority in one mass to the north

side. The small pool also held some clumps of frog spawn. Fortyadult toads were counted around the margins the majority to thesouth side.

Otter spraints (11 recent/fresh) were noted in two places aroundthe pond (8 close to the spawn mass) at NS 59590 53123.

15 NS 597 532 Field dominated by rushes (Juncus spp) with tufted hair grass,creeping buttercup, common sorrel (Rumex acetosa) andbroadleaved dock.

A number of young trees have been planted along the edge ofthe field to the Police Training Centre.

A carrion crow (Corvus corone) nest was recorded in a beech(Fagus sylvatica) tree along the southern edge of the field.

16 NS 598 535 Outside the boundary of the survey areaOtter spraints (2 recent/old) on large boulder by SUDS pondadjacent (northeast of) to the Police Training Centre at NS 5976753563. Tadpoles were recorded in the pond.

17 NS 598 533 Small pool/pond in an area possibly quarried Grid ReferenceNS 59858 53316. The area would appear to be generally wet butwater has drained away leaving some frog spawn (4/5 clumps)drying out. Signs of field vole (feeding and droppings) wererecorded within the mass of rushes.


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TargetNote


18 NS 598 532 Fox earth 3 entrances under fallen beech tree at GridReference NS 59811 53218. Fox hairs located around entrances.

19 NS 598 529 Track lined with ash and beech. The field edge to the track is alsolined with hawthorn although it is not a solid hedge-line.

The wider southern boundary is filled with Scots pine (Pinussylvestris), beech, birch and ash. The area is grassed below anddominated by tufted hair grass. The track itself has not been usedfor some considerable time and is also grassed over andgenerally damp.

20 NS 599 535 Outside the boundary of the survey areaMammal burrows recorded on the south bank of the watercoursethat flows east to west past the northern boundary of the PoliceTraining Centre, at Grid Reference NS 59909 53562 12mupstream from the footbridge crossing the watercourse. No clearevidence of which mammal (either water vole (Arvicola terrestris)or brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)) made the burrows.

21 NS 598 531 Belt of trees Scots pine and beech dominant. A minorwatercourse flows along the north-eastern edge of the belt. A

clump of frog spawn was noted in a pool of water.22 NS 599 530 A wet strip along the former track. The strip is dominated byrushes (Juncus spp).

23 NS 590 528 Outside the boundary of the survey areaSeries of old disused buildings and dumped materials rubble,wood, scrap metal.

24 NS 591 529 Wooded gardens of a large house/building. The trees and shrubsaround the house and gardens include broadleaved and coniferspecies - ash, sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), birch, spruce(Picea sp(p)), cypresses and dogwood (Cornus sp(p)).

25 NS 591 527 Outside the boundary of the survey areaStrip of grassland recently planted with young trees (c. < 5yrs).

26 NS 593 529 Open yard with working motor vehicle garage

27 NS 593 525 Outside the boundary of the survey areaMenage horse training circuit edged with trees ash, sycamoreand Scots pine.

28 NS 595 528 House and garden. The edge to the fields is lined with conifer andbroadleaved species.

29 NS 595 524 Mature trees ash, beech and sycamore along the roadsideand the edges to the fields. A rookery (Corvus frugilegus) with anestimated 25+ nests was recorded.

30 NS 599 525 Otter track below the wooden bridge over the watercourse at NS60008 52564.

The banks of the watercourse to the south and east of thewooden bridge have a number of holes/mammal burrows. Noevidence of water vole. A brown hare was noted in the field

directly to the north.31 NS 599 529 Brown hare sighted moving through the area, which was

dominated by rushes and tufted hair grass.

32 NS 601 529 Outside the boundary of the survey areaShelter belt of Scots pine, beech and ash. The strip is grassybelow and grazed by sheep dominated by tufted hair grass andYorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus). A grey squirrel was recorded.

33 NS 600 527 Small triangular area planted up with Scots pine (2 trees), birch,alder and hawthorn. The area was formerly fence but is now openand grazed. The trees have holes, cracks, crevices suitable forbirds and/or bats.


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TargetNote


34 NS 600 527 Brown hare sighted. Two foxes were seen in the same area 10minutes later.Fish (most likely three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteusaculeatus)) were recorded in the nearby watercourse.

35 NS 600 524 Meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis) noted within the wet area. A

curlew (Numenius arquata) was also heard calling from this area.

36 NS 600 522 Area used for dumping materials possibly formerly quarried.

37 NS 600 521 Area used for dumping materials.

38 NS 600 520 Small watercourse flowing in a northerly direction disappearsunderground further up.

39 NS 602 523 Area used for dumping materials possibly formerly quarried.

40 NS 603 529 Outside the boundary of the survey areaPlantation (c. 15+yrs) consisting primarily of alder and willow butwith elder, larch and pines.

41 NS 603 520 Outside the boundary of the survey area

House surrounded by mixed trees and shrubs. The trees hold arookery of 30+ nests.

42 NS 605 526 Outside the boundary of the survey areaWatercourse flowing between an area of neutral grassland andscrub habitat. The scrubby area is made up of hawthorn, alder,birch, willow, elder, ash and poplar.

A number of holes/burrows were recorded and appear to bebrown rat. No evidence of water voles.

43 NS 605 524 Outside the boundary of the survey areaPlantation (c. 15+years) consisting of alder, cherry, hawthorn,ash, poplar and pine. The plantation is overly dense and requiresthinning. Three old magpie nests were noted within theplantation.

The Phase 1 Habitat Map is on the following page.

3.2 European Protected Species

Refer to Appendix 1 for an overview of the legislation and planning requirements relevant to EPS.

3.2.1 Otter

Signs of otter were recorded throughout the site, particularly along the course to the Gill Burn, onthe unnamed burn to the west of Eaglesham Road, and at the pond located to the south-east ofthe Police Training Centre (Figure 2). No holts or resting places were recorded.

The two SUDS ponds (see TN 14 and TN 16) both had spraints by the edge. The SUDS pond

outwith the survey area (within the Police Training Centre grounds TN 16) had two spraintsrecorded on a large boulder, indicating the presence of an otter. The number of spraints at thepond within the survey area indicates that an animal had spent some time in the vicinity of thepond. The significant amount of frog spawn recorded clearly shows that the pond providesexcellent habitat for common frog (Rana temporaria), and by association, provides an excellentspring forage resource for otter.

Fish (most likely sticklebacks) are present in the Gill Burn. However, it is more likely that theotters are crossing the site from the White Cart Water to access the pond at the Police TrainingCentre. While the watercourses/issues feeding through the site provide opportunities for the


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movement of otter (Lutra lutra) through the site and to adjacent areas, they are not in themselvesa significant forage resource.

3.2.2 Bats

Foraging bats were recorded across the whole site in both June and July as summarised on Fig.2. Both Common and Soprano Pipistrelles were recorded. No roosts were recorded during any

survey event although it is possible from activity that a roost exists at Easterhouse and possiblyat Newhouse Farm. It is also likely that bats are roosting in houses along this edge of EastKilbride and commuting to the site for forage purposes. JDC know of bat roosts in houses alongthis urban edge of East Kilbride and SNH will have records.

Table 3.2: Summary of Bat Activity

June 10 Weather: Dry, cool, light wind

Species Common Pipistrelle Soprano Pipistrelle Unidentified Pipistrelle

Location Passes recordedthroughout the site,low numbers

2 bats in the northarea

N/A

July 19 Weather: Light rain, 9C, light breeze

Location 1 at Jackton Road atNewhouse Farm, and

passes recorded SEto NW through thecentre of the site

Six commuting outfrom Easter House

Lane possible roostat Easterhouse

N/A

July 23 Weather: Dry, fine and warm, no wind

Location Mainly the edge ofEK betweenGardenhall and thePolice Centre. SinglePip and 1 unidentifiedat each of LittlePark& Newhouse.

None detected thatnight

N/A

July 26 Weather: Min Temp 9C, dry, slight breeze

Location 2 along the edge ofGardenhall andanother 2 -4 nearNewlands Farm

Between 5 and 10bats along JacktonRoad. 4 to 6 in thefields central to the

site. 2 nearNewlands Farm

3 scattered through thesite.

There are many trees within the site that have potential for bats to roost, either singly or innumbers, and the buildings within the site also have potential. Bats could roost in many placeson the site at any given time, for as little as one night or for a more substantial period, and whilesigns of maternity roosts were not detected at this time, there is scope for this type of roost tooccur, mainly in buildings.

The site provides good navigation routes and forage for bats. Overall, most foraging activity waspicked up along Jackton Road and the edge of East Kilbride, with bats using other parts of thesite mainly for commuting. This is consistent with the possibility of roosts at Easterhouse,Newhouse, and within East Kilbride.

Future development will need to repeat bat survey, targeting any buildings that may be impactedand any suitable trees that may require felling or other arboricultural works.

3.3 UK Protected Species

3.3.1 Badgers

No badger setts were recorded on site. JDC Ecology have recorded a badger dung pit whilstundertaking unrelated survey work c.300m off site to the south east. Badgers are therefore in thearea and the habitats on site represent good foraging habitat for them.


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The survey area was also checked for any field signs of badger (Meles meles). No evidence ofbadger activity was noted and the only large holes located were clearly identified to the burrowingactivity of fox and rabbit. It is likely that badgers forage within the site (the location of the nearestsett is not known) given the habitat conditions within the site and in the surrounding area but nodirect evidence of any movement into or across the area was found.

3.3.2 Water Voles

No definitive signs of water vole were recorded. Two old droppings were found on the banks ofthe Gill Burn. However, their age prevented any positive confirmation of either water vole or rat.

The habitat conditions are suitable for water vole. Burrows were located in several locations bothwithin and outwith the survey area. Field vole signs (feeding and droppings) were present inseveral areas. However, no clear evidence of water vole activity was found at any location and itis possible that only brown rat is present.

If the site is released for development the situation will need to be monitored again. If water volesare in the wider area it is possible that they may arrive at the site. No signs of mink were found,mink presence mitigating against colonisation.

3.4 Other Mammal Species

Brown hare, grey squirrel, fox, field vole, and rabbit (north at Hayhill) are all present. A fox earthwas recorded at NS 59811 53218 under a fallen beech tree.

3.5 Breeding Birds

Table 3 lists the species recorded during survey and their status on the site. Status refers to aspecies listing on the EC Birds Directive Annex 1, Wildlife & Countryside Act Schedule 1, RedData Book, or RSPB Red and Amber lists. All wild birds, their nests, and eggs have generalprotection under the Wildlife & Countryside Act.

Red and Amber listed species recorded are so listed generally for reason of moderate to highdeclines in numbers over recent decades. However, in South Lanarkshire these species are notunder threat.

Two rookeries were recorded during the surveys: one within the survey area at Newhouse ofJackton farm, along the edge of Jackton Road. That rookery had an estimated 25+ nests. Asecond rookery outside of site boundary, to the south and east, at Truniehill had an estimated30+ nests.

Overall the agricultural nature of the site limits the number of species that could be present werethere a wider range of habitats and a greater extent of habitat such as woodland and scrub,ungrazed grassland, and richer watercourse corridors. Species present are those typical of thistype of land management in Central Scotland.

Table 3.3: Breeding Birds

Species Scientific name code Status Use of the Site

Barn Owl Tyto Alba BO. WCA,A

Foraging, Breeding possible.

Blackbird Turdus merula B. Breeding, Foraging, Roosting

Blue tit Parus caeruleus RT Breeding, Foraging, Roosting

Buzzard Buteo buteo BZ Foraging, Roosting

Carrion crow Corvus coronecorone

C. Breeding, Foraging, Roosting

Chaffinch Fringelles coelebs CH Breeding, Foraging, Roosting

Collared dove Streptopeliadecaocto

CD Foraging, Roosting

Curlew Numenius arquata CU A Foraging, Roosting


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i) Physical removal of soils and vegetation and the consequent loss or substantialmodification of the whole or part of a habitat. This can result in the removal orfragmentation of habitats and breeding and foraging areas of faunal species.

ii) Construction of site infrastructure including buildings, plant, access roads and provisionof services, thereby causing proximity disturbance to species both on and off site, andpotential removal of habitats.

iii) Storage of soils, overburden, and site materials, leading to reduction of availablehabitats.

iv) Construction operations causing noise and vibration disturbance to species, and potentialeffects of dust on vegetation remaining on-site, and adjacent to the site.

vi) Potential for contamination of watercourses.

vii) Increased human activity and vehicular movement once the site is complete, creatingpotential disturbance to remaining habitats and species adjacent to the site.

4.2 Habitat Development

The habitats of the site are not diverse or ecologically of high value as a result of currentmanagement. This is reflected in an overall lack of diversity in faunal species. However, loss ofwooded land, trees and hedgerows, impacts on watercourses and waterbodies, and loss of fieldedges will impact species that are present both directly and indirectly. In addition the speciescomposition on site at the present time reflects the sites habitats. A large number of the speciesare typical of farmland and are utilising the fields for forage in the form of worms andinvertebrates. Changing the nature of the habitats will result in a different but not necessarilyinferior species mix.

Fragmentation of wooded land or loss of trees reduces habitat and wildlife corridor function, andcan potentially have a direct negative impact on European and UK Protected Species as well asthe biodiversity of a site. The Master Plan proposes tree and hedgerow links round and throughthe site, particularly through the centre of the site along the Gill Burn, which will also acquireseveral ponds, increasing the wetland component of the site. Retaining these links is necessaryboth to maintain movement through the site and to provide food, shelter, and breeding sites for arange of species, and to maintain connectivity outwith the site in line with Local Plan prescriptionsand the aims of the Forest Habitat Network.

It is necessary in detailed planning to consider retaining as much as possible of the existing treesand hedgerows, and to under plant and manage where appropriate to improve the structure ofthese areas. Scrub and shrub habitats, either forming a woodland layer, or present as individualzones, are a valuable habitat for a range of species for both shelter and forage. Grass marginsare also valuable in creating an edge zone both to shelter belts and hedgerows by retainingunmown strips. Design of the habitat corridors and open space should consider use of theseedge zones both to provide a buffer to the main habitat corridor and increase the value of thegrassland. Appendix 2 provides a list of native plant species that can be incorporated into thedesign of the landscape and the various habitat types. It is recommended that native species,preferably of local provenance, should be considered over non-native, and always in creation ofwoodland and hedgerow and along watercourses. There is considerable scope to increase theplant diversity of the site.

As Mr Riddell recommends, new woodland/amenity planting should be composed of native treeand shrub species that reflects NVC woodland communities that would be expected in the areanaturally.

Creating new wooded areas, shelter belts, and hedgerows is an important component of thedesign in order to create the links necessary for connectivity through the site. However, whilenew planting, whether trees, scrub, hedgerow, or grassland margins, will provide shelter andforage within the short to medium term, new trees in particular will take decades to achieve the


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maturity necessary for bats and birds. Bats and many species of bird require the cracks andcrevices that occur in mature trees for roosting and nesting. It would not be possible to mitigatefor significant loss of mature trees in relation to bats, whether or not roosts are confirmed. Batand bird boxes could be erected, but it would be preferable to retain a stock of mature treesthroughout the site.

The Master Plan indicates several areas where roads will cross the Gill Burn. Construction along

any watercourse can block the watercourse and contaminate both that watercourse and othersdownstream. As well as preventing such blockage and contamination, construction planning anddetailed design will need to consider the impacts on otters. While otters are likely to avoid thesite during construction it is nonetheless important to incorporate access post construction asthey use the site after development. Any road crossing will need to consider provision beneaththe road at high water levels, and potentially traffic calming measures. This will apply as amitigation measure for other species such as water vole and badger should they occur at the sitein due course. The Gill Burn will be designed to provide buffered shelter for otters and otherwildlife as well as allowing human access, and artificial holts may be an option in quiet areas.

The existing ponds are indicated for removal, although several new ponds will be created.However, preference should be given to retaining the existing ponds for reason of their presentecological development and use by wildlife (amphibians, otters, birds, invertebrates). SUDSponds can only replace an existing developed pond if they retain water and are designed tofunction ecologically as well as for flood and drainage purposes. Ponds also take several yearsto develop, even if planted, although they can be suitable as frog breeding sites within 1 year. Itis therefore important that if the existing ponds cannot be retained, the replacement ponds areconstructed well in advance, preferably years, to allow for their development. The conceptMaster Plan shows 12 large ponds. Not all of these necessarily have to be designed ecologically,and certainly it would be preferable that a few are designed specifically for human recreationaluse in order that others can be designed to restrict human access and retain them as wildlifezones.

4.3 Species

At this time there are two European Protected Species present (bats and otters) although notcurrently confirmed as breeding. Nonetheless disturbance will occur and loss of habitat in theshort to medium term. For both bats and otters, design and development of diverse and richhabitat corridors is the key to maintaining these species on and around the site. Any future

application for development of the site will need to evidence that EPS will not be adverselyimpacted. The tests that must be satisfied if a bat roost is found or an otters place of shelter aregiven in Appendix 1.

Badgers are not evident using the site, but are in the wider area and are likely to use the site as aforage area. As above, the habitat corridors will allow badgers to obtain value from a developedarea.

While it is unlikely that water voles will arrive at the site in the near future, they are often recordedin urban areas. Proper development of ponds linked to the Gill Burn will provide scope for thisspecies.

As previously mentioned, all wild birds, their nests, and eggs are protected. Direct impacts relateto removal of habitat in general and disturbance to active nests during the nesting season.Removal of habitat alters the availability of forage, roosting, and nesting opportunities, creatingchanges in the population dynamics of an area. The impacts on a particular species can result ina reduction in population, and certainly in the short-term, in the number of breeding pairs that canoccupy a site. Direct impact is greatest during the period of initial site enablement when scruband mature trees will be removed, and work within the woodland will take place as part of thewoodland management scheme. This will disrupt breeding and foraging patterns to a significantdegree. While the nesting season can be avoided thus avoiding direct impacts to active nests,the removal of habitat will have an effect in the following nesting season. However, in the longterm ecologically informed management along with creation of edge habitats will maximise thevalue of the site and hence the bird count/species.


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With regard to the frog and toad population, the requirements for pond design and developmentwould also require that removal of an existing pond was undertaken when the animals are not inthe water. This would therefore be carried out through the autumn and early winter periods.

5.0 CONCLUSIONS

Overall and given the size of the site the survey area is generally ecologically poor. It lacks, forexample any long established and diverse woodland or wooded areas, diverse species richgrassland, areas of diverse soil or geomorphological variety, diverse watercourses or sizablewater bodies. Ecological quality and diversity is suppressed by a largely monoculture of improvedgrass fields.

Localised improved conditions appear to be the result of unmanaged fields or wet low-lyingground. The most significant habitats are found in the mature trees that form the shelter belts andscreening cover around farm buildings and houses, and along the hedgerows. Opportunities existwithin these trees for birds, bats and invertebrates and the linear features (hedgerows) create acorridor network linking to other habitats.

The habitats on the site are a common feature of South Lanarkshire and surrounding districts,and habitats including farmland, water courses and hedgerows feature on the South LanarkshireBiodiversity Action Plan.

European Protected Species (otters and bats) are present on the site. At this time otters are notbreeding on the site and are accessing mainly the northern part of the site for forage. Given theproposals indicated on the Master Plan and suitable mitigation during development it is unlikelythat otters would be significantly impacted by development of the site, and would still have accessthrough the site to various ponds. An EPS licence may be required for otters and SNH and theScottish Executive should be consulted at the appropriate time.

Bats forage across the site and there is scope in trees throughout the site for bats to roost at anytime. At this time no maternity roosts have been located. Further protected species surveyswould be needed in following years to ensure that the current status and location of protectedspecies is known at each stage of any development, and this is incorporated into proposals andproperly mitigated for. This is particularly necessary for bats and a Bat Method Statement or

Protection Plan will be required at all times. An EPS licence will be required if any roost is foundand disturbance cannot be avoided. As for otters, SNH and the Scottish Executive should beconsulted at the appropriate time.

At this time species with particular UK legislative protection (badgers and water voles) are notpresent, although this will need to be monitored, and a Landscape and Habitat Management Planwill be required to ensure that breeding birds, other species, and habitats are managedthroughout the development.

The main habitat for amphibian species is the SUDS pond, which has an excellent population offrogs, and this population can be maintained by development of the proposed pond adjacent tothe existing pond, provided that the new pond(s) are in place before removal of the existing pond,and that removal of the existing pond is undertaken outwith the spawn and growth season.

The draft of the Master Plan has recognised the potential value of the site in terms of retainingand improving biodiversity. Four objectives will inform the detailed design, mitigation, and thelong-term ecological management of the site:

1. Maintain and enhance the biodiversity of the site by improving habitat value.2. Maintain and enhance the Gill Burn Corridor and connectivity throughout the site.3. Maintain and enhance the presence of protected and LBAP species.4. Create a balance between human and wildlife use of the site by retaining buffered wildlife

zones.


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6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

If the land is released for development the following is recommended in order that the existinglevel of biodiversity of the site is maintained and in due course enhanced, and that the status ofprotected species is not adversely impacted.

1. Repeat protected species surveys at appropriate points in the development schedule toensure that the current status and location is known and any necessary avoidance ormitigation is incorporated into the Master Plan and subsequent detailed planning.

2. An ecologist should continue to liaise with the Landscape Architect from the conceptmasterplan to detailed design.

3. A Landscape and Habitat Management Plan should be written to assist with the above, andto ensure medium to long term protection and enhancement of the sites ecological andlandscape value.

4. Specific Protection Plans should be written for otters, bats, and birds, and other protectedspecies should they arrive at the site during the development process.

5. Green spaces including the Gill Burn corridor, the new SUDS ponds, shelter belts, andhedgerows should be ecologically designed to maximise the sites value. A suggested plantspecies list is appended which can be used to select appropriate mixes for plantingschedules.

Ends


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Reproduced from Ordnance Survey data by permission of The Controller of Her Majestys Stationery Office. Crown Copyright. A ll rights reserved. Licence Number Al100028592.

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Reproduced from Ordnance Survey data by permission of The Controller of Her Majestys Stationery Office. Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence Number Al100028592.

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1

Appendix 1

European Protected Species

Bats and otters are European Protected Species as listed in The Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC:Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Flora and Fauna). Their breeding sites and places ofshelter are protected by the Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Regulations 1994, which transpose the

Habitats Directive into UK law and by the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended).

It is an offence, except as permitted under the Regulations, to:

deliberately capture or kill a wild animal of a European Protected Species;

deliberately disturb any such animal;

deliberately take or destroy the eggs of such an animal;

deliberately damage, or destroy a breeding site or resting place of such an animal..

And under the Act to intentionally or recklessly,

kill, injure or take an animal

possess or control any live or dead animal, or part of or anything derived from the animal,

intentionally damage, destroy or obstruct access to any structure or place used for shelter or

protection, disturb an animal, or disturb it occupying a structure or place used for shelter or protection,

sell, offer for sale, have possession or, or transport for the purposes of sale, an live or dead animal orpart or anything derived from the animal.

Persons must consult Scottish Natural Heritage before undertaking any activity that might affect an EPS.The licencing authority with regard to EPS is the Scottish Executive. Licences to disturb EPS are issuedat the discretion of the Scottish Executive after consultation with SNH as regards disturbance toEuropean Protected Species.

The Planning Authority must fully consider the potential impacts on EPS prior to granting any planningconsent. Initial surveys to assess presence of EPS for the purpose of the planning process cannot beconditioned. If EPS are present and they or their places of shelter may be disturbed, the PlanningAuthority must be satisfied that the three tests for an EPS licence can be met before granting planning

permission.

The tests are (adapted from Scottish Executive Document Info4AppEPS: Information Required for aLicence Application for European Protected Species)::

1. Why the works are justifiable as a derogation of the 1994 Regulations Section 44 (2). In the case of

development, (e), may be the most likely option.

preserving public health of public safety or other imperative reasons of overriding public interest

including those of a social or economic nature and beneficial consequences of primary importance for

the environment

The reason why the works are necessary must be clearly stated.

2. There must be no other satisfactory solution both in terms of why this site was chosen instead ofothers considered, and that there is no other option other than to disturb the EPS. Simply havingplanning or demolition permission does not satisfy this test.

3. Demonstrate why the proposed work would not be detrimental to the maintenance of the populationof the species concerned at a favourable conservation status at their natural range. This wouldinclude detailed information on the mitigation measures to be employed. A mitigation plan wouldusually require input from a recognised expert for the species concerned and SNH (Scottish NaturalHeritage) prior to making the application and the methodology of this clearly stated. This is importantinformation which is considered as part of the application.


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Appendix 2

List of native species suitable for use for ecological landscaping purposes

A supply source for seeds or stock of local provenance should be sought in the first instance. If it isimpossible or impractical to achieve that particular target, a supplier with seed/stock of Scottish originsshould be aimed for. The earlier the grower can be made aware of the scale and location of the project

the greater the opportunity to supply the best and most suitable plants and seed mixes.

Mixes will be relative to the desired outcomes herb rich swards, meadow grassland types, marshygrassland, aquatic pond zones margin/emergent/floating, woodland/hedgerow conditions.

It is unlikely that any prepared seed mixes will contain all of the species listed in the following plantgroups. There will also, however, be opportunities for the site to be colonised naturally by local sources ofseed.

Trees and Shrubs:

Planting of the trees and shrubs is relative to objectives that are to be achieved and the habitat conditionsthat occur.

A dense scrubby and impenetrable barrier (hedgerow or screening), can be created using tight thorncovered shrubs such as:

hawthorn Crataegus monogyna

holly Ilex aquifolium

blackthorn Prunus spinosarose Rosa canina, R. tomentosa, R. sherardii

gorse Ulex europaeus

If the objective is to create a more open woodland belt with taller growth species this will require moreconsidered management, relative to the scale and positioning of the woodland in relation to the proximityof housing and main wind direction(s).

The following group of species can be used in that context:

alder Alnus glutinosa

silver birch Betula pendula

downy birch Betula pubescens

hazel Corylus avellana

ash Fraxinus excelsior

holly Ilex aquifolium

crab apple Malus sylvestrisScots pine Pinus sylvestris

aspen Populus tremula

gean Prunus avium

sessile oak Quercus petraeapedunculate oak Quercus roburgoat willow Salix caprea

elder Sambucus nigracommon whitebeam Sorbus aria

rowan Sorbus aucupariaguelder-rose Viburnum opulus

The above species can be used as mixed groups, combining some of the shrub species whereappropriate, or can be used as single species stands.


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Grasses, Sedges, Rushes and Herbaceous plants (Herbs)

Although the ground conditions soil type/pH range has not been sampled it would appear from theplants recorded in the local area that conditions are best suited to species of a neutral base.

The following species are provided as a group from which to select suitable mixes relative to availability ofseed or plug stock.

The tables present species relative to their most suited conditions. This does not imply that they will notbe found across a wider range of conditions, as it is impossible/impracticable to be wholly prescriptiveabout local colonies of plants or site specific conditions. Some species are suited to aquatic conditions(Aqua), others wet or damp (W/D) conditions (pond margins, marshy ground, moist/damp grassland),others dry (raised/higher ground, banks), others shaded (hedge banks and wooded areas). Specificmixes would need to be tailored for the appropriate habitat conditions.

The site could be colonised naturally by a number of the listed species and potentially by other speciesfrom the locality but not listed.

Grasses, Sedges, Rushes:

Aqua W/D Dry Shaded

common bentAgrostis capillaris +black bent Agrostis gigantea +

creeping bent Agrostis stolonifera + +

meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis + +

marsh foxtail Alopercurus geniculatus +

sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum + +false-oat grass Arrhentherum elatius + +hairy sedge Carex hirta +

common sedge Carex nigra +

oval sedge Carex ovalis + +

crested dogs-tail Cynosurus cristatus +

cocks-foot Dactylis glomerata + +

meadow fescue Festuca pratensis + + +red fescue Festuca rubra + + +

floating sweet grass Glyceria fluitans + +Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus + +

creeping soft grass Holcus mollis +

field wood-rush Luzula campestris + +reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea + +Timothy Phleum pratense + +

common reed Phragmites australis + +

annual meadow-grass Poa annua +

smooth meadow grass Poa pratensis + +

rough meadow-grass Poa trivialis + + +


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Herbs:

The list of species given includes species that have been recorded previously or are appropriate to thearea.

Aqua W/D Dry Shaded

yarrow Achillea millefoilium +

sneezewort Achillea ptarmica +ground elder Aegopodium podagraria + +bugle Ajuga reptans + +

ladys mantle Alchemilla vulgaris + + +water plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica + +garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata + +wild angelica Angelica sylvestris + +

cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris + +

lesser burdock Arctium minus + +

mugwort Artemisa vulgaris +marsh marigold Caltha palustris + +wavy bittercress Cardamine flexuosa +

cuckooflower Cardamine pratensis +

black knapweed Centaurea nigra +

common mouse-ear Cerastium fontanum +fat-hen Chenopodium album +

creeping thistle Cirsium arvense + +

marsh thistle Cirsium palustre + +

spear thistle Cirsium vulgare +

marsh hawks-beard Crepis paludosa +

crosswort Cruciata laevipes + +

common spotted orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii + +

foxglove Digitalis purpurea +

common spike-rush Eleocharis palustris + +

great willowherb Epilobium hirsutum +

broad-leaved willowherb Epilobium montanum + +

marsh willowherb Epilobium palustre +

meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria +wild strawberry Fragraria vesca +

common hemp-nettle Galeopsis tetrahit + +

woodruff Galium odoratum +

herb Robert Geranium robertianium +

water avens Geum rivale + +

wood avens Geum urbanum +

hogweed Heracleum sphondylium +

bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta +

perforate St Johns-wort Hypericum perforatum + +

yellow iris Iris pseudacorus + +meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis +

common birds-foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus +

greater birds-foot trefoil Lotus pedunculatus +

ragged robin Lychnis flos-cuculi +water mint Mentha aquatica +dogs mercury Mercurialis perennis +field forget-me-not Myosotis arvensis +

water forget-me-not Myosotis scorpioides + +

red bartsia Odontites vernus +ribwort plantain Plantago lancelota +greater plantain Plantago major +knotgrass Polygonum aviculare +

broad-leaved pondweed Potamogeton natans +


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silverweed Potentilla anserina +

marsh cinquefoil Potentilla palustris +

barren strawberry Potentilla sterilis +

selfheal Prunella vulgaris +

meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris +creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens + +bramble Rubus fruticosus +

common sorrel Rumex acetosa + +broad-leaved dock Rumex obtusifolius +common figwort Scrophularia nodosa + +red campion Silene dioica +prickly sow-thistle Sonchus asper +

branched bur-reed Sparganium erectum + +

marsh woundwort Stachys palustris +

hedge woundwort Stachys sylvatica +

lesser stitchwort Stellaria graminea +

greater stitchwort Stellaria holostea +common chickweed Stellaria media +

hop trefoil Trifolium campestre +

red clover Trifolium pratense +

white clover Trifolium repens +

colts-foot Tussilago farfara +bulrush Typha latifolia + +common nettle Urtica dioica + + +

valerian Valeriana officinalis + +

brooklime Veronica becca-bunga + +germander speedwell Veronica chamaedrys + +tufted vetch Vicia cracca + +common vetch Vicia sativa + +

bush vetch Vicia sepium +

dogs violet Viola riviniana + +

avondale 5 ecological assessment report july 2007

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