awareness-level lesson 5 presentation hazardous materials for first responders, 3 rd ed
TRANSCRIPT
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Awareness-Level Lesson 5 Presentation
Hazardous Materials for First Responders, 3rd Ed.
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Awareness Level5–2
Definition of Terrorism
• The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines terrorism as:
“The unlawful use of force against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in the furtherance of political or social objectives.”
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Awareness Level5–3
Elements of Terrorism
• Terrorist activities are illegal and involve the use of force
• Actions intend to intimidate or coerce
• Actions are committed in support of political or social objectives
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Awareness Level5–4
Domestic Terrorism
• Involves groups or individuals whose activities, conducted without foreign influence, are directed at elements of a government or population
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Awareness Level5–5
International Terrorism
• Involves activities committed by foreign-based groups or individuals who are either directed by countries or groups outside a country or whose activities transcend national boundaries
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Awareness Level5–6
Goals of Terrorism
• Recognition
• Coercion
• Intimidation
• Provocation
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Awareness Level5–7
Potential Terrorist Targets
• Public assembly occupancies and locations
• Public buildings
• Mass transit systems
• Places with high economic significance
• Telecommunications facilities
• Places with historical or symbolic significance
• Military installations
• Airports
• Industrial facilities
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Awareness Level5–8
Categories of Terrorist Incidents
• BBiological
• NNuclear
• IIncendiary
• CChemical
• EExplosive
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Awareness Level5–9
Weapon of Mass Destruction
• According to the U.S. Government a weapon of mass destruction is any weapon or device that is intended or has the capability to cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of people through the release, dissemination, or impact of one of the following means:– Toxic or poisonous chemicals or their precursors– A disease organism– Radiation or radioactivity
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Awareness Level5–10
Biological Terrorism
• The CDC defines biological terrorism as an intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or their toxins for the purpose of harming or killing citizens.
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Awareness Level5–11
Types of Biological Agents
• Viral agents
• Bacterial agents
• Rickettsias
• Biological toxins
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Awareness Level5–12
Biological Attack Indicators
• Unusual numbers of sick or dying people or animals
• Unscheduled and unusual spray being disseminated
• Abandoned spray devices
(1 of 2)
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Awareness Level5–13
Biological Attack Indicators
• Evidence of terrorist activity may be visible at the incident, OR
• Terrorist activity may not be obviously evident
(2 of 2)
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Awareness Level5–14
Chemical vs. Biological Incidents
• Chemical incident– Symptoms are noticeable either within minutes or
hours– May have a unique odor and color
• Biological incident– Symptoms may take days or even weeks to
appear– No odor or color– May spread beyond the initial contamination
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Awareness Level5–15
Chemical Terrorism
• Chemical attack — The deliberate release of a toxic gas, liquid or solid that can poison people and the environment
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Awareness Level5–16
Chemical Warfare Agents
• Chemical substances that are intended for use in warfare or terrorist activities to kill, seriously injure, or seriously incapacitate people through their physiological effects
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Awareness Level5–17
Toxic Industrial Materials
• Particularly poisonous hazardous materials that are normally used for industrial purposes, but could be used by terrorists to deliberately kill, injure or incapacitate people
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Awareness Level5–18
Chemical Incident Indicators
• Dead animals/birds/fish
• Lack of insect life
• Unexplained odors
• Pattern of casualties
• Blisters/rashes
(1 of 3)
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Awareness Level5–19
Chemical Incident Indicators
• Illness in confined area
• Unusual liquid droplets
• Different looking areas
• Low-lying clouds
(2 of 3)
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Awareness Level5–20
Chemical Incident Indicators
• Unusual metal debris
• Unusual numbers of dying or sick people (mass casualties)
(3 of 3)
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Awareness Level5–21
SLUDGEM
• The acronym SLUDGEM is used to remember health problems:– Salivation (drooling)– Lacrimation (tearing)– Urination– Defecation– Gastrointestinal upset/aggravation (cramping)– Emesis (vomiting)– Miosis (pinpointed pupils) or Muscular
twitching/spasms
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Awareness Level5–22
Criminal and Terrorist Incident Response
• Essentially the same as other haz mat incidents
• Law enforcement – Must be notified – Must be included
• Use predetermined procedures– Summon help– Communicate with media and public
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Awareness Level5–23
Basic Principles of Response
• Incident priorities– Life safety– Incident stabilization– Protection of property and the environment
• Establish an incident command or management system
• Call for additional help
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Awareness Level5–24
Additional Actions at Terrorist or Criminal Incidents
• Notify authorities
• Preserve crime scene evidence
• Isolate exposed people and animals
• Secure the scene
(1 of 2)
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Awareness Level5–25
Additional Actions at Terrorist or Criminal Incidents
• Take precautions against the possibility of secondary devices
• Exercise caution concerning other potential hazards associated with terrorist and criminal activities
(2 of 2)
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Awareness Level5–26
Awareness Actions at Criminal or Terrorist Incidents
• Protect yourself and other first responders
• Report the suspicion to the appropriate authorities and document your initial observation
• Isolate people or animals that may have been exposed
• Avoid actions that may disturb potential evidence
(1 of 2)
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Awareness Level5–27
Awareness Actions at Criminal or Terrorist Incidents
• Do not touch any item that may indicate a criminal or terrorist activity and be aware of the potential for secondary devices
• Set up control zones
• Take steps to prevent secondary contamination
(2 of 2)
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Awareness Level5–28
WARNINGFirst responders must know their limitations at criminal and terrorist incidents. Incidents, such as those involving meth labs, require training above Awareness Level.
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Awareness Level5–29
Guidelines for Preserving Evidence
• Do not touch anything unless it is necessary
• Avoid disturbing areas not directly involved in rescue activities
• Remember what the scene looked like upon first arrival
• Document observations as quickly as possible
• Take photographs and videos of the scene as soon as possible
(1 of 3)
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Awareness Level5–30
Guidelines for Preserving Evidence
• Remember and document when something was touched or moved
• Minimize the number of people working in the area, if possible
• Leave fatalities and their surroundings undisturbed
• Identify witnesses, victims, and the presence of evidence
(2 of 3)
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Awareness Level5–31
Guidelines for Preserving Evidence
• Preserve potentially transient physical evidence
• Follow departmental procedures for establishing chain of custody, documentation, and security measures to store crime scene evidence
(3 of 3)
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Awareness Level5–32
Summary
• First responders must be prepared to respond to incidents that may involve criminal or terrorist activity. These incidents pose an additional danger to responders that must be taken into account.
• Terrorism can be domestic or international and uses actions that involve force. Potential terrorist targets include those that are highly visible and are public places.
(1 of 3)
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Awareness Level5–33
Summary
• Categories of terrorist incidents include biological, nuclear, incendiary, chemical, and explosive. The term weapon of mass destruction is often used in connection with potential terrorism incidents.
• Biological and chemical terrorism both have unique characteristics and indicators. Knowing these characteristics and indicators are important.
(2 of 3)
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Awareness Level5–34
Summary
• When responding to an incident involving criminal or terrorist activity first responders must take additional actions. Other agencies must be involved and precautions regarding safety taken.
• The preservation of evidence is important at crime scenes and first responders must be aware of and follow guidelines for preserving evidence.
(3 of 3)
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Awareness-Level Lesson 5 Presentation
Hazardous Materials for First Responders, 3rd Ed.