aws phb 3 the everyday pocket handbook on welded joint details for structural applications 2004

Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWS

Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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NOTE: Although care was taken in choosing and presenting the data in this guide, AWS cannot guarantee that it iserror free. Further, this guide is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the topic and therefore may not include allavailable information, including with respect to safety and health issues. By publishing this guide, AWS does not insureanyone using the information it contains against any liability or injury to property or persons arising from that use.

© 2004 by American Welding Society. All rights reservedPrinted in the United States of America



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Basic Safety Precautions ...........................................4

Introduction ...............................................................6

Nomenclature of Groove Joint Details......................7Legend for Groove Details ..................................7Legend for AWS Joint Designations ...................8

Square-groove weld (1)Butt joint (B), Corner joint (C) ..........................10Butt joint (B) ......................................................11T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) ..............................12

Single-V-groove weld (2)Butt joint (B) ......................................................13Butt joint (B) ......................................................14Corner joint (C)..................................................15

Double-V-groove weld (3)Butt joint (B) ......................................................16Butt joint (B) ......................................................17

Single-U-groove weld (4)Butt joint (B) ......................................................18

Single-bevel-groove weld (4)T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 19Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 20

Double-bevel-groove weld (5)T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 21Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 22Butt joint (B), T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) ...... 23

Single-U-groove weld (6)Butt joint (B), Corner joint (C).......................... 24

Double-U-groove weld (7)Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 25

Single-J-groove weld (8)Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 26T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 27

Double-J-groove weld (8)Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 28T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 29

Metric Conversion Table ........................................ 30Other Publications Available from AWS ............... 31

Table of Contents



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Burn Protection. Molten metal, sparks, slag,and hot work surfaces are produced by welding,cutting, and allied processes. These can causeburns if precautionary measures are not used.Workers should wear protective clothing madeof fire-resistant material. Pant cuffs, open pock-ets, or other places on clothing that can catchand retain molten metal or sparks should not beworn. High-top shoes or leather leggings andfire-resistant gloves should be worn. Pant legsshould be worn over the outside of high-topshoes. Helmets or hand shields that provide pro-tection for the face, neck, and ears, and a headcovering to protect the head should be used. Inaddition, appropriate eye protection should beused.

Electrical Hazards. Electric shock can kill.However, it can be avoided. Live electricalparts should not be touched. The manufacturer’sinstructions and recommended safe practicesshould be read and understood. Faulty installa-tion, improper grounding, and incorrect opera-tion and maintenance of electrical equipmentare all sources of danger.

All electrical equipment and the workpieceshould be grounded. The workpiece lead isnot a ground lead. It is used only to completethe welding circuit. A separate connection isrequired to ground the workpiece. The work-piece should not be mistaken for a groundconnection.

Basic Safety Precautions



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Fumes and Gases. Many welding, cutting,and allied processes produce fumes and gaseswhich may be harmful to health. Avoid breath-ing the air in the fume plume directly above thearc. Do not weld in a confined area without aventilation system. Use point-of-welding fumeremoval when welding galvanized steel, zinc,lead, cadmium, chromium, manganese, brass, orbronze. Do not weld on piping or containersthat have held hazardous materials unless thecontainers have been inerted properly.

Compressed Gas Cylinders. Keep caps oncylinders when not in use. Make sure that gascylinders are chained to a wall or other structuralsupport.

Radiation. Arc welding may produce ultra-violet, infrared, or light radiation. Always wearprotective clothing and eye protection to pro-tect the skin and eyes from radiation. Shieldothers from light radiation from your weldingoperation.

AWS also recommends a personal copy of “Arc Welding Safely,” “Fire Safety in Welding andCutting,” “Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes,” and “The Independent Shop’s Guideto Welding Safety and Health.”



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This pocket handbook consists of selected weldedjoint details applicable to the welding of plate andshapes for structural applications. The joint detailsconform to the design and dimensions for PrequalifiedJoint Details in AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, StructuralWelding Code—Steel. The user should consult AWSD1.1/D1.1M:2004 (or later edition) for joint dimen-sional tolerances that are permissible and for notesconcerning application of the specific joint detail. Thejoint details shown in this pocket handbook are appli-cable for designing joints that are to be used in makingcomplete joint penetration welds in plate and shapes.

Several of the joint details in this pocket handbookare applicable for welding joints in tubular products.

Submerged arc welding (SAW) is applicable fordiameters greater than 24 in. (610 mm). Joints to beused for tubular connections should have a grooveangle of not less than 60°.

These joint details specifically apply to welded jointsmade in low carbon construction steels. Several ofthese details may be applicable for welding alloysteels as well as structural aluminum. When applyingthe joint details in this pocket handbook to materialsother than low carbon construction steels, the appro-priate welding specifications for the specific materialshould be consulted.

Introduction



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Nomenclature of Groove Joint Details

Figure 1—Example of Details for Illustrative Purpose

β

α α

Legend forGroove Details

Shown:R = Root Opening (maximum)

S1 = Depth of Groove, Side 1S2 = Depth of Groove, Side 2T = Base Metal Thicknessα = Groove Angle (minimum)β = Bevel Angle (maximum)f = Root Face (maximum)

Additional, But Not Illustrated:r = Groove radius (minimum)s = Spacer strip



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Symbols for joint types(B) – butt joint (C) – corner joint (WP) – Welding Positions Permitted(T) – T-joint (BC) – butt or corner joint (GS) – FCAW Gas Shielding Req’d.

(TC) – T- or corner joint (BTC) – butt, T-, or corner joint (Desig.) – AWS Joint Designation

Symbols for base metal thicknessL – limited thickness U – unlimited thickness

Symbols for weld types(1) – square groove (6) – single-U-groove(2) – single-V-groove (7) – double-U-groove(3) – double-V-groove (8) – single-J-groove(4) – single-bevel-groove (9) – double-J-groove(5) – double-bevel-groove (10) – flare bevel groove

Legend for AWS Joint Designations



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Symbols for welding process, if notshielded metal arc

S – submerged arc weldingG – gas metal arc weldingF – flux cored arc welding

Welding processesSMAW – shielded metal arc weldingGMAW – gas metal arc welding

SAW – submerged arc weldingFCAW – flux cored arc welding

Welding positionsF – flat H – horizontalV – vertical OH – overhead

The lower case letters, e.g., a, b, c, etc.,are used to differentiate between jointsthat would otherwise have the same jointdesignation.

BACKGOUGE(EXCEPT B-L1-S)

Welding Process

SMAWGMAWFCAW SAW SAW

Desig. B-L1b B-L1b-GF B-L1a-S B-L1-ST 1/4 max 3/8 max 5/8 max 3/8 maxR T1/2 1/8 0 0

WP All All F FGS — Not req’d. — —

Figure 2—Example ofDesignations for Illustrative Purpose



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Square-groove weld (1)Butt joint (B)Corner joint (C)

Welding Process

SMAW SMAWGMAWFCAW

Desig. B-L1a C-L1a B-L1a-GFT1 1/4 max 1/4 max 3/8 maxT2 — U —R T1 T1 T1

WP All All AllGS — — Not req’d.



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Welding Process

SMAWGMAWFCAW SAW SAW

Desig. B-L1b B-L1b-GF B-L1a-S B-L1-ST 1/4 max 3/8 max 5/8 max 3/8 maxR T1/2 1/8 0 0

WP All All F FGS — Not req’d. — —

BACKGOUGE(EXCEPT B-L1-S)

Square-groove weld (1)Butt joint (B)



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Welding Process

SMAWGMAWFCAW SAW

Desig. TC-L1b TC-L1-GF TC-L1-ST1 1/4 max 3/8 max 3/8 maxT2 U U UR T1/2 1/8 0

WP All All FGS — Not req’d. —

Square-groove weld (1)T-joint (T)Corner joint (C)



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Welding Process

SMAWGMAWFCAW SAW SAW SAW

Desig. B-U2 B-U2-GF B-L2c-S B-L2c-S B-2Lc-S

T U U >1/2 to 1 > 1 to 1-1/2 >1-1/2 to 2

R 1/8 1/8 0 0 0

α 60° 60° 60° 60° 60°

f 1/8 1/8 1/4 1/2 5/8

WP All All F F F

GS — Not req’d. — — —

αBACKGOUGE

Single-V-groove weld (2)Butt joint (B)



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Welding Process

SMAW SMAW SMAWGMAWFCAW

GMAWFCAW

GMAWFCAW SAW SAW

Desig. B-U2a B-U2a B-U2a B-U2a-GF B-U2a-GF B-U2a-GF B-L2a-S B-U2a-S

T U U U U U U 2 max U

R 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/16 3/8 1/4 1/4 5/8

α 45° 30° 20° 30° 30° 45° 30° 20°

WP All F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F F

GS — — — Required Not req’d. Not req’d. — —

α

Single-V-groove weld (2)Butt joint (B)



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Welding Process

SMAWGMAWFCAW SAW

Desig. C-U2 C-U2-GF C-U2b-ST U U UR 1/8 1/8 1/8α 60° 60° 60°f 1/8 1/8 1/4


Single-V-groove weld (2)Corner joint (C)



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Welding Process

SMAW SMAW SMAW SAW

Desig. B-U3a B-U3a B-U3a B-U3a-ST U U U UR 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8α 45° 30° 20° 20°f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/4s 1/8 × R 1/8 × R 1/8 × R 1/4 × R

WP All F, V, OH F, V, OH F

α

α

Double-V-groove weld (3)Butt joint (B)



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Welding Process For B-U3c-S only

SMAWGMAWFCAW SAW

T1

S1over to

Desig. B-U3b B-U3-GF B-U3c-S 2 2-1/2 1-3/8T U U U 2-1/2 3 1-3/4R 1/8 1/8 0 3 3-5/8 2-1/8α 60° 60° 60° 3-5/8 4 2-3/8f 1/8 1/8 1/14 4 4-3/4 2-3/4

S1 — — See table 4-3/4 5-1/2 3-1/4WP All All F 5-1/2 6-1/4 3-3/4GS — Not req’d. —

α

α

Double-V-groove weld (3)Butt joint (B)



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Welding Process

SMAW SMAWGMAWFCAW

GMAWFCAW

GMAWFCAW SAW SAW

Desig. B-U4a B-U4a B-U4a-GF B-U4a-GF B-U4a-GF B-U4a-S B-U4a-ST U U U U U U UR 1/4 3/8 3/16 1/4 3/8 3/8 1/4α 45° 30° 30° 45° 30° 30° 45°

GS — — Required Not req’d. Not req’d. — —WP All All All All F, H F F

α

Single-U-groove weld (4)Butt joint (B)



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Welding Process

SMAW SMAWGMAWFCAW

GMAWFCAW

GMAWFCAW SAW SAW

Desig. TC-U4a TC-U4a TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-S TC-U4a-ST U U U U U U UR 1/4 3/8 3/16 3/8 1/4 3/8 1/4α 45° 30° 30° 30° 45° 30° 45°

GS — — Required Not req’d. Not req’d. — —WP All F, H, OH All F All F F

Single-bevel-groove weld (4)T-joint (T)Corner joint (C)



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Welding Process

SMAWGMAWFCAW SAW

Desig. B-U4b B-U4b-GF B-U4b-ST U U UR 1/8 1/8 0α 45° 45° 60°f 1/8 1/8 1/4


α

Single-bevel-groove weld (4)Butt joint (B)



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Welding Process

SMAWGMAWFCAW SAW

Desig. TC-U5b TC-U5-GF TC-U5-ST U U UR 1/8 1/8 0α 45° 45° 60°f 1/8 1/8 1/4

GS — Not req’d. —WP All All F

Double-bevel-groove weld (5)T-joint (T)Corner joint (C)



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Welding Process

SMAWGMAWFCAW

Desig. B-U5a B-U5-GFT U UR 1/8 1/8f 1/8 1/8α 45° 45°β 15° 15°

WP All AllGS — Not req’d.

β

α α

Double-bevel-groove weld (5)Butt joint (B)



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Welding Process

SMAW SMAW SMAW

Desig. B-U5b TC-U5a TC-U5aT U U UR 1/4 1/4 3/8α 45° 45° 30°f 1/8 1/8 1/8s 1/8 × R 1/4 × R 1/4 × R

WP All All F, OH

αα

Double-bevel-groove weld (5)Butt joint (B)T-joint (T)Corner joint (C)



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Welding Process

SMAW SMAW SMAW SMAWGMAWFCAW

GMAWFCAW

Desig. B-U6 B-U6 C-U6 C-U6 B-U6-GF C-U6-GFT U U U U U UR 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8α 45° 20° 45° 20° 20° 20°f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8r 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4

GS — — — — Not req’d. Not req’d.WP All F, OH All F, OH All All

α α

Single-U-groove weld (6)Butt joint (B)Corner joint (C)



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Welding Process

SMAW SMAWGMAWFCAW SMAW

Desig. B-U7 B-U7 B-U7-GF B-U7-ST U U U UR 1/8 1/8 1/8 0α 45° 20° 20° 20°f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/4r 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4

WP All F, OH All FGS — — Not req’d. —

α

αDouble-U-groove weld (7)Butt joint (B)



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Welding Process

SMAWGMAWFCAW SAW

Desig. B-U8 B-U8-GF B-U8-ST U U UR 1/8 1/8 0α 45° 30° 45°f 1/8 1/8 1/4r 3/8 3/8 3/8


Single-J-groove weld (8)Butt joint (B)



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Welding Process

SMAW SMAWGMAWFCAW SAW

Desig. TC-U8a TC-U8a TC-U8a-GF TC-U8a-ST U U U UR 1/8 1/8 1/8 0α 45° 30° 30° 45°f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/4r 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8

WP All F, OH All FGS — — Not req’d. —

αSingle-J-groove weld (8)T-joint (T)Corner joint (C)



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Welding Process

SMAWGMAWFCAW

Desig. B-U9 B-U9-GFT U UR 1/8 1/8α 45° 30°f 1/8 1/8r 3/8 3/8

WP All AllGS — Not req’d.

α α

Double-J-groove weld (8)Butt joint (B)



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Welding Process

SMAW SMAWGMAWFCAW

Desig. TC-U9a TC-U9a TC-U9a-GFT U U UR 1/8 1/8 1/8α 45° 30° 30°f 1/8 1/8 1/8r 3/8 3/8 3/8

WP All F, OH AllGS — — Not req’d.

α

α

Double-J-groove weld (8)T-joint (T)Corner joint (C)



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Metric Conversion Table(Commonly used conversions)

Property To Convert From To Multiply byarea inches2 millimeters2 6.452 × 102

millimeters2 inches2 1.550 × 10–3

flow rate feet3/hour liters/minute 0.472liters/minute feet3/hour 2.119

linear inches millimeters 25.4millimeters inches 3.937 × 10–2

inches centimeters 2.54centimeters inches 0.3937feet meters 0.305meters feet 3.281

mass (weight) pounds kilograms 2.205kilograms pounds 0.454

pressure psi kilopascal (kPa) 6.895kPa psi 0.145

tensile strength psi megapascal (MPa) 6.895 × 10–3

MPa psi 1.450 × 102



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Other Publications Available from AWSOrder No. TitleD1.1 Structural Welding Code—Steel

Acknowledged worldwide as being a universal standard for assuring quality welding.

D1.3 Structural Welding Code—Sheet SteelGives allowable stresses and supplies correct techniques, qualification, and inspection instructions forcoated or galvanized sheet steel.

D1.4 Structural Welding Code—Reinforcing SteelSeven succinct chapters, appendices, tables, illustrations.

PHB-1 The Everyday Pocket Handbook for Arc Welding SteelGood electrode coverage for SMAW, GMAW, and FCAW.

A3.0 Standard Welding Terms and DefinitionsTerms you won’t find in your regular dictionary. Correct and nonstandard terms are both included.1,200 definitions.

For more information on AWS publications go to www.aws.org.



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550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126



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aws phb 3 the everyday pocket handbook on welded joint details for structural applications 2004

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