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Axis Communications. Partner Training. Agenda. Overview – (8:30am – 12:00pm) Network camera housings CCTV and surveillance demystified Optics. Camera Enclosures. Overview. Rating systems General considerations Installation tips Recommended enclosures AXIS 290B Network Camera Housing - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
. . . M A K E Y O U R N E T W O R K S M A R T E R
Axis Communications
Partner Training
Agenda
Overview – (8:30am – 12:00pm)
Network camera housings
CCTV and surveillance demystified
Optics
. . . M A K E Y O U R N E T W O R K S M A R T E R
Camera Enclosures
Overview
Rating systems General considerations Installation tips Recommended enclosures
AXIS 290B Network Camera Housing AXIS Fusion Dome
Rating Systems
Many different systems NEMA, IEC, UL, CSA…
Industry action groups/companies Product design, performance and application Common reference & interchangeability
Rating Systems
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Consists of two letter prefix IP followed by two digits Solid object ingress (first digit) Liquid ingress (second digit)
Examples: IP65 dust tight, heavy water spray IP66 dust tight, heavy jet spray IP54 dust resistant, splashing water
Rating Systems: IEC
IP (First number) 0: No special protection 1: Solid objects > 50 mm diameter 2: Solid objects > 12 mm diameter 3: Solid objects > 2.5 mm diameter 4: Solid objects > 1 mm diameter 5: Dust protected 6: Dust tight
Rating Systems: IEC
IP (Second number) 0: No special protection 1: Dripping water 2: Dripping water when tilted 15 degrees 3: Spraying water 4: Splashing water 5: Water jet spray 6: Heavy jet spray 7: Immersion 8: Submersion
Rating Systems
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Water ingress Solid object ingress Mechanical impact of enclosure on walls Oil resistance Corrosion resistance Door and cover latching requirements
Rating Systems: NEMA
1: General purpose (indoor) 2: Water drip proof (indoor) 3R: Dust tight, rain tight, ice resistant
(outdoor) 4: Water tight and dust tight
(indoor/outdoor) 4X: Water tight, dust tight, corrosion
resistant (indoor/outdoor)
Rating Systems: NEMA
9: Indoor hazardous locations 12: Industrial use – drip tight and dust tight
(indoor) 13: Oil Tight and Dust Tight (indoor)
General Considerations
Local codes NEMA rating of 3, 3R, 4, 4X, 6, or 6P for outdoor IP Rating 66, 65 Resistance measurement 4x rule
Installation Tips
Consult wiring distance chart Add up total VAC needed
Camera placement is important Environmental conditions
Heater/blower combinations Sun shrouds Cabling considerations
Accessories POL AXIS 2191 Audio Module
AXIS 2130R Enclosures
AXIS Outdoor Fusion Dome Outdoor dome housing Tinted lower dome Heater and blower for outdoor use
AXIS Indoor Fusion Dome
Indoor dome housing Tinted lower dome
AXIS 2130R Enclosures
AXIS Indoor Recessed Enclosure Low profile indoor ceiling housing Can be installed in either sheetrock or drop
ceilings Tinted lower dome
AXIS Outdoor Vandal Fusion Dome Offers vandal resistant protection in a compact
size Heater and blower for outdoor use Made from durable cast aluminum
Axis Fusion Dome - Pricing
Product Name Part Number MSRPAXIS Outdoor Fusion Dome 21893 $649.00
AXIS Indoor Fusion Dome 21894 $379.00
AXIS Outdoor Vandal Fusion Dome 21895 $849.00
AXIS Indoor Recessed Enclosure 21898 $199.00
AXIS 290B Network Camera Housing
IP 65 classified – Protected against dust and heavy rain
Axis network cameras supported AXIS 2120 Network Camera AXIS 2420 Network Camera AXIS 2110 Network Camera
Temperature range -4° F to +108° F Integral tamper proof wall mounting
bracket. Integrated sunshield 1 year limited warranty
AXIS 290B - Pricing
Product Name Part Number MSRPAXIS 290B Network Camera Housing 0195-004 $399.00
AXIS 2120 Outdoor 290B Bundle 8014-004-01 $1,199.00
AXIS 2420 Outdoor 290B Bundle 8015-004-01 $1,499.00
* Bundled products are not pre-assembled.
Q & A
Questions and Answers
. . . M A K E Y O U R N E T W O R K S M A R T E R
CCTV Demystified
CCTV
Closed
Circuit
Tele
Vision
ClosedClosed
Video
Video is Latin and means“I can see”
A human eye will consider 16 frames per second to be ”real time” video
A CCTV system provides up to 30 frames per second
Basic CCTV Systems
Switch
Alarm I/O Monitor
VCR / Time Laps
Cameras
Transmission Medium
Wired Coax – 75 ohm
RG 59 – 300 meter RG 11 – 500 meter
Twisted-pair 2-wire twisted – 1000 meter
Fiber-optics Single mode or Multi-mode fiber Long distance – >10,000 meter
Wireless Laser link Microwave Radio link
Fields and Frames
Each frame of video information ismade up of 2 fields
135
621623625
Field 1 - odd Field 2 - even
Frame
24
620622624
135
621623625
Field 1 - odd Field 2 - even
Frame
24
620622624
TV Standards
NTSC – National Television System Committee
First standard 1953 525 horizontal lines 60 fields/sec = 30 frames/sec
TV Standards in Countries
http://www.alkenmrs.com/video/wwstandards1.html
http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Contrib/WorldTV/
The Video Signal Theory
Composite video The complete video includes all signals
Y/C video Y is the luminance signal C is the chroma signal Gives a better image quality
Resolution
Vertical resolution
Horizontal resolution Analog cameras 330-400 lines is normal – Low res >460 lines is good quality – High res
Resolution
Resolution measurement in the future Digital cameras 640x480 pixel 1280x1024 pixel
Lights
What is light? Eye vs CCD Natural light sources Artificial light sources
. . . M A K E Y O U R N E T W O R K S M A R T E R
Main Items in a CCTV System
A/D D/ADSP
CCTV Video Camera
Analog B&W or color 1/4”, 1/3” or 1/2” CCD
Camera Lens
Basic lens types Manual iris Automatic iris
Lens function Fixed focal length Varifocal length Zoom lens
Lens / chip size 1/3” 1/2”
Mounting standards CS-mount C-mount
Domes
A Dome camera combines the design elegance of a dome enclosure, color camera, a fast pan and tilt mechanism and an environmental enclosure
The result is an “all-in-one” product
The trend has been very clear the last years:
Fewer pan and tilt devices and more Domes
Video Monitors
A monitor is very similar to a standard television set, however, it lacks the electronics to pick up regular television, the tuner
Monochrome – up to 1000 lines Color – up to 800 lines
Market different between plastic-cased monitors and metal-cased monitors
Video Recorders
Time lapse VCR A special slow recording VCR Max 540,000 images (VHS standard) Up to 960 hours on a single VHS tape Controllable via RS-232
VCR with DAT
Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
. . . M A K E Y O U R N E T W O R K S M A R T E R
Control Devices in CCTV
Video Switchers
Units that provide automated as well as manual switching of full screen images
Larger units will normally also provide an ability to control dome cameras and PTZ’s
When one camera is on selected for recording, the other cameras are NOT being recorded at all
Video Multiplexers
Multiplexer units are high-speed switchers that provide full-screen images from up to 16 cameras
Available in two models Simplex Duplex
Normally also provide the ability for viewing multiple cameras in 2x2, 4x4 etc
Quads
A quad sends up to four cameras to the monitor and to the recorder at the same time, each camera gets a quarter of the monitor
All of the information from each camera gets recorded but ONLY in small quarter-screen clarity
. . . M A K E Y O U R N E T W O R K S M A R T E R
Accessories
Housings
Outdoor Indoor Aluminium and plastic common Blower, heater optional Housings for special applications
Process industry Explosion proof
Pan and Tilt Head
A normal camera can be placed on pan and tilt devices which will allow the camera to be moved up, down, left and right from a remote location
A zoom lens will allow a closer view
In- and outdoor version
Infrared (IR) Illuminator
IR light can not be seen by human eye IR sensitive B&W cameras can see in
darkness with IR light Illuminators exist in two versions
Lamp-based LED-versions
Distance to the object 20W 10-15m 300W 80-120m
Q & A
Questions and Answers
. . . M A K E Y O U R N E T W O R K S M A R T E R
Lenses & Filters
Compression CPU
Flashmemory
DRAM
EthernetInterface
Camerafunctions
Lens Optical filter Image sensor
Lens and Optical Filter in a Camera
Filters - IR Filter
Filters the infrared light invisible for the human eye but visible for cameras
Transmission curve (Example)
20
0
40
60
80
100
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
I/RVisible light
IRRadar TV Sound Radio
Radio WavesYRays
XRays
UV
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Wavelength
Wavelength in nanonmetres
Filters - Optical Low Pass Filter
Splits the incoming light
Improves color representation
Filters – Example: Without Optical Low Pass Filter
Filters – Example: With Optical Low Pass Filter
The Lens
Focal length
IrisMountLens
element
Angle of View
Same as “field of view”
What the camera with a given lens can “see”
Horizontal, vertical or diagonal
Horizontal Angle ofView (HOV)
Vertical Angle of View(VOV)
Lenses - Focal length
A small focal length gives wide angle view
A large focal length gives tele view
Focal point
Focal length
Lenses – Calculating the Focal Length
Which focal length is needed for the application?
Calculating the focal length (f): f = h * D / H
D f
I
Lenses – Depth of Field
The regions in front of and behind the focus point where the image remains in focus
Focus point
Lenses - Aperture
F number f1.0 f1.2 f1.4 f1.7 f2.8 f4.0 f5.6
% of light passed
20% 14.14% 10% 7.07% 2.5% 1.25% 0.625%
F2
F5.6
F16
00
5'1.5m
10'3m
15'4.5m
20'6m
25'7.5m 8
8
Lenses – Lens Iris
Opening in the lens that controls the amount of incoming light that reaches the image sensor
A wire between the camera and the lens is needed with an automatic iris lens.
Lenses - Lens Elements
A lens contains several lens elements
Aspherical elements reduces distortion
Spherical lens element
Image plane
Aspherical lens element
Image plane
Lenses- Mount Standards
C-mount Lens
17.526 mm
CS-mount Lens
12.5 mm
5 mm spacer
CS-mount 12.5mm from camera edge to sensor
C-mount 17.5mm from camera edge to sensor Conversion C to CS is possible
Lenses – Sensor Dependency
Horizontal
Vertical
Image Size
Image Circle
Image Size
The lens must make an image circle large enough to cover the sensor
Larger sensor = more expensive lens
The size (e.g. 1/3”) can not be measured anywhere - corresponds to old TV camera tubes
Low end lenses produce unsharp corners
Lenses - Resolution
A typical CCTV lens has a resolution of 100 lines/mm
1611864.5
1"
1/4" 1/3" 1/2"2/3"
1"1/4" 1/3" 1/2" 2/3"
Lab Exercise
1. Field of view calculation
Lenses – Types: Wide Angle
Focal point
Short focal length
Large angle of view Good in low light Good depth of field
“Barrel” distortion Not for long
distances
Lenses – Types: Wide Angle Image Example
Example of barrel distortion & missing optical low pass filter
Lenses – Types: Telephoto
Focal point
Long focal length
Good on long distance
No barrel distortion
Shallow (small) depth of field
Bad in low light
Lenses – Types: Vari-focal
The focal length can be adjusted Needs refocusing after focal length adjustment Less precision needed in focal length calculation
Lenses – Types: Zoom
Zoom – the focal length can be adjusted with maintained focus Often motorized
Special Lenses – Fish Eye
Extremely wide angle (~180 deg) lenses are called “fish eye lenses”
Lenses – Example: Fisheye Image
A fish eye lens on a high resolution camera can work as a pan/tilt/zoom camera
Exit pupil is 1-3mm Can be either low end $1 lenses or high
end >$500 lenses
Special Lenses – Pin Hole
Q & A
Questions and Answers
Agenda
Overview – (1:00pm – 4:00pm)
Designing IP-Surveillance solutions
AXIS Camera Station
Axis product roadmap
. . . M A K E Y O U R N E T W O R K S M A R T E R
Designing IP-Surveillance Solutions
The Basics
In some ways similar to analog: What do we need to monitor? When do we need to monitor it? How many cameras are needed to cover? How much video do we need to transfer? How much video do we need to save? Do we need to identify or detect?
What do we need to monitor?
Define the scene(s) Lighting conditions Distances Angle of view needed High traffic or low traffic
When do we need to monitor it?
Same need to monitor day/night/weekend?
Schedule the needs for every “scene”
How many cameras are needed to cover?
Which types of cameras are needed? Light sensitivity? Video quality? Which type of lens? Speed? PTZ? IO needs?
How much video do we need to transfer?
30 fps transferred around the clock?
How much video do we need to save?
30 fps saved around the clock?
. . . M A K E Y O U R N E T W O R K S M A R T E R
The Network
LAN/WAN Inventory
Congestion level of current LAN
Congestion level of current WAN links
Schedule of congestion levels
Redundancy of WAN links
Network (LAN)
New network or existing infrastructure?
The answer might be in the needs discussed earlier
New Network (LAN)
Speed? 100 Mbit/s switches 1 Gbit/s Backbone
10/100/1000Switch
100 Mbit/s
10/100/1000Switch
100 Mbit/s
Recording Server
1000 Mbit/s
Monitoring station
New Network (LAN)
Guidelines: Calculate 30% extra capacity Avoid cross-use with public (parallel) network
as long as possible
New Network (WAN)
Share WAN links with the public network?
Extra links needed for redundancy?
Distributed storage needed?
Existing Network (LAN)
Possible at all?
Existing Network (LAN)
“Mixed mode” Separate network for backbone/main
installation, public network where needed
VLAN A “logical” way to separate the surveillance
network from the public
QoS Ensure the available bandwidth for surveillance
equipment on the public network
Existing Network (WAN)
Use VPN’s? (compare with VLAN’s)
Distributed storage?
Nightly transfers of recorded material?
Conclusions
The basics still apply Do a thorough inventory of the needs
High performance infrastructure equipment is dropping in price/usage complexity
Avoid “free” sharing with public networks
VLANS, QoS, VPN’s are excellent tools for a surveillance network
. . . M A K E Y O U R N E T W O R K S M A R T E R
Cases
Internet
LAN 10/100 Mbit/S
Case 1:Shop4 cameras , local recording, remote view
PC in the shoprunning surveillance SW Remote PC
ADSL Router
Remote PC
Network cameras
Internet
LAN 10/100 Mbit/S
Case 2: House
2 indoor cameras and 2 outdoor cameras. Alarm sensors, only view and alarms
Remote PC Wireless ADSLRouter
Remote PC
AXIS 2120 Network CamerasMounted in outdoor casing connected through wireless bridge and external antenna
Alarm sensors
Case 3: An Office
6 indoor cameras, programmed recording. Director recording and operator view. In a local area network
Director PC running AXIS Camera Recorder
Operator PC running AXIS Camera Explorer
LAN
AXIS 205
Case 4: Industrial
LAN
4 x Axis 2120
4 x Axis 2130
4 x Axis 2420IR
4 outdoor cameras with night view, 4 indoor PTZ cameras, 4 fixed indoor cameras. Programmed recording, view for the security guard.
Director PC running AXIS Camera Recorder
Operator PC running AXIS Camera Explorer
Case 5: Retail Shops
1 fixed camera and 1 PTZ Camera, for each shop. Only view.
Internet
LAN 10/100 Mbit/S
Router
AXIS 205 AXIS 2130
Remote PC running AXIS Camera Explorer
InternetLAN
Case 6: Nursery 3 indoor cameras and 1 outdoor camera (external play zone). No recording. Access via web.
RouterAXIS 205
PC with Internet Explorer
Web Server
AXIS 2110 & AXIS 290B
Internet
LAN
Case 7: Construction
2 outdoor fixed cameras. View and remote recording (low amount of fps)
Router
Operator PC running AXIS Camera Recorder
AXIS 2120 & AXIS 290B Bundle
Case 8: Sports Installation (golf, seaport, skiing,)
3 outdoor fixed cameras
Router
PC with Internet Explorer
AXIS 2120 & 290B Bundle
Internet
LAN
LAN 10/100 Mbit/S
Case 9: An Office
6 access controls with audio, 3 indoor cameras
PC running AXIS Camera Explorer
PC running Internet ExplorerAXIS 205
AXIS 2100 Network Cameras & AXIS 2191 Audio Modules
Q & A
Questions and Answers
Lab Exercise
1. Designing an IP-Surveillance solution
Demonstration
AXIS Camera Station
. . . M A K E Y O U R N E T W O R K S M A R T E R
Axis Road Map
roadmap.ppt DE 031119
Getting Ready for the Next Step
2004200019981996
New Generation
AXIS 200( NetEye )
AXIS 2100AXIS 2400
AXIS 200+AXIS 240
100.000 soldAXIS 2100
Recent Launches
New Generation Products AXIS 241Q/S Video Servers AXIS 210 Network Camera
Accessories AXIS 290B Network Camera Housing AXIS IR Illuminator AXIS Fusion Dome
Products in Final R&D
Products in final R&D
AXIS 241Q/S Blade AXIS 211 Network Camera AXIS 206W Network Camera AXIS 206M Network Camera
AXIS 241S/Q Blades
1 channel (S) or 4 channel (Q) 120 / 100 frames per second Motion-JPEG Built-in video motion detection Event management External I/O Watch dog IP adress filtering Serial ports
AXIS 211 Network Camera
1/3” Progressive Scan Sony HAD CCD
Backlight Compensation CS Mount Vari-focal DC iris lens 30 FPS for all resolutions
up to 640x480 MJPEG-MPEG4 Upgrade VMD June 2004
AXIS 206W Network Camera
Advanced ¼ CMOS Progressive Scan Sensor
802.11b MJPEG 3-10,000 lux No Ethernet! USB June 2004
AXIS 206M Network Camera
Advanced ½ CMOS Progressive Scan Sensor
Megapixel 1280x1024 at 12FPS
MJPEG 10-10,000 lux 10/100 BaseT HDTV widescreen format
(16:9) June 2004
Q & A
Questions and Answers