AYUBOWAN May all living-beings live long

Why Post Graduate studies/Research ?

For personnel “ego”

as a source of income till permanent employment (esp: research projects)

As a “ticket” for the future.- Career Enhancement

PG/R. must be done to ensure that..

“I feel special because they speak to me in my language”.

This depends very much on whether the present PG/research

you are involved in is • - your own conceived “problem/ hypothesis”• - is that of the supervisor

Your commitment will depend on this fact and it will also open to the real need in pg/research – dialogue with supervisor.

• PG/Research seeks new information• PG/Research confirm existing

information• Information fuel change• PG/Research through a scientific

method “seeks reliable knowledge”

Link between Development and Environment

PLEASANT / DESIRABLE LIVING

PRODUCTIVITY

HUMAN HEALTH

GENERAL WELL-BEING OF PEOPLE

UNPLEASANT ENVIO:Pollution- air, water

WasteDestruction of NR

Sanitation

ENVIO: DAMAGESoil degradation, scarcity of water

Depletion of ecosystemsLoss of NR

IMPACT ON ENVIO: QUALITY

Air, water

DEVELOPMENTEconomic, social

Environment

achieves

affects

affects

affects

Agricultural practice

INSECURITY, and UNCERTAINITY OF THE FUTURE

SECURITY and CERTAINITY

Hunter –

Gatherer

?Present society

THEORITICAL

ENVIRONMENT

NATURAL

BUILT

NATURAL

STRUCTUREDTHEORITICAL

ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

NATURAL

BUILTTHEORITICAL

ENVIRONMENT

NATURAL

STRUCTUREDTHEORITICAL

ENVIRONMENT

NATURAL

BUILTTHEORITICAL

ENVIRONMENT

NATURAL

STRUCTUREDTHEORITICAL

Past development caused the three elements of the environment – NATURE, BUILT and THEORIES to move apart

From: Steffen et al. In press 2004

Atmos CO2 conc

Domesticated landLoss of trop forest, woodland

Coastal shrimp farmsFully exploited fisheries

Climate disastersAv surface temp (NH)

Atmos ozone loss

Atmos CH4 concAtmos N2O conc

Coastal N2 flux

Global biodiversity

Changes in environmental indicators, 1750 - 2000

UN Conference on Human Environment

held in Stockholm. The conference is rooted in the regional pollution and acid rain problems of

northern Europe. The conference leads to establishing many national environmental

protection agencies and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

http://www.unep.org/

1972 June 3-5

It also recognized…

POVERTY as the cause for ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

SOLUTION undertake

DEVELOPMENT

1982

The United Nations World Charter for Nature published. It adopts the principle that every form of life

is unique and should be respected regardless of its value to humankind.

http://sedac.ciesin.org/pidb/texts/world.charter.for.nature.1982.html

ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

Nairobi Environment Conference

Brundlandt Commission appointed on Environment and Development

Our Common Future

Brundtland Report Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development weaves together social, economic, cultural and

environmental issues and global solutions. Chaired by Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem

Brundtland. Popularizes term “sustainable development.”

1987

Earth Summit. UN Conference on Environment and

Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, under the leadership

of Maurice Strong. Agreements reached on Agenda 21, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Rio Declaration, and non-binding Forest Principles. Concurrent NGO

Global Forum publishes alternative treaties. http://www.unep.org/unep/partners/un/unced/home.

htm

1992

Development that meets the needs of the present ,without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their

own needs.

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

2000

World Summit on Sustainable Development

held in Johannesburg, South Africa. World governments, concerned citizens, UN

agencies, multilateral financial institutions, and other major groups participate and assess global change since the United

Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992.

http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/

2002

1972

POVERTY the cause for ENVIRONMENTAL

DEGRADATION

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION the cause for POVERTY

2002

DEVELOPMENT

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

SOLUTION

SOCIAL ECONOMIC

ENVIRONMENTAL

SD

The challenge of sustainable development arises from these two

major converging trends.

Decline in resource availability and ecosystems

Impact = Population x Consumption x Technology

Diminishing margin for action

Sustainability

All these reflect the following trends….

Problems cannot be solved within the

mindset that created them.

Albert Einstein

Economics

Sociology

Ecology

72 77 82 87 92 97 02 07 121972 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 451977 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 501982 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 551987 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 601992 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 651997 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 702002 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 752007 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 802012 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

When will the REAL environmental commitment come ?

1974 formal EE in schools

1981 En Sc in Uni (Colombo)

1986 Env. Mgmt in SLIDA

Seat of Power and Decision making

• “In the next few years, we will face two major economic challenges. One, will be

to ensure that the growing economic prosperity and the benefits of recent

developments will filter down to all our people. Second, will be to lay the

foundation for long term sustainable development.” (page 9)

“Mihinda Chinthanaya – Vision for the future”

• “It is evident that Sri Lanka cannot sustain its development efforts due to the lack of resources and environmental pollution. Consequently the “Haritha Lanka” programme will be launched from 2010-2020, under my leadership, with the objective of creating a base for sustainable development.” (page 65)

HARITHA LANKA

To forge a relationship with nature that would ensure sustainbility in all its activities aimed

at improving the quality of life

• 10 Strategies identified…

• Incorporate sustainable development aspects in the curricular of Universities

Haritha Lanka - Strategies Haritha Lanka - Strategies

(Theruvan Saranai)Professor. Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama

Professor of Environmental ScienceUniversity of Colombo