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Ayurveda Ayurveda

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Hand-Out

Ayurveda

Worlds oldest system of natural medicineTraditional, comprehensive, evolved over 5000 yrs

Veda = “knowledge or science”Ayus = “life or lifespan”

Ayurveda means... “Science of Life” or “Knowledge of the Lifespan”

Deals with the principles of creation, preservation and restoration of health, and the promotion of longevity

(Morrison & Svoboda; 1995)

Brief History of Ayurvedic Medicine

• Early health-care was considered a part of a spiritual tradition

• The early Sages: – deeply devoted to God

– received knowledge of Ayurveda through divine revelation

– Knowledge transmitted orally & eventually transcribed into books

• 600 B.C. two schools of Ayurveda formed: School of Physicians & the School of Surgeons– They established a strong empirical foundation for Ayurveda

• Consequently, Ayurveda grew into a respected & widely used system of healing in India

(Mishra, Singh & Dagenais, 2001)

Brief History of Ayurvedic Medicine

• 400 B.C. Ayurvedic texts translated into Chinese

– Many Chinese scholars came to India to study Ayurveda

• 800 A.D. Ayurvedic books translated into Arabic

• 900 A.D. Islamic physicians quoting Ayurvedic texts

– became very influential & contributed to evolution of medicine in Europe

• 1600 A.D. Paracelsus, (Renaissance physician) practiced a system of medicine that borrowed heavily from Ayurveda

• Significant obstacle for the scientific credibility of Ayurveda was the lack of standardization, adherence to traditional methods for preparing formulas

(Mishra, Singh & Dagenais, 2001)

Ayurveda

Goal: to integrate & balance the body, mind, spirit. This is believed to help prevent illness

& promote wellness

Many therapies used in Ayurvedic medicine are also used on their own as CAM—i.e. herbs,

massage, & specialized diets

(National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 2005)

Ayurveda is Holistic• View of the individual as an integrated whole,

not a collection of parts• Sees the person as intimately connected to

nature and the universe

Environment, relationships, job and constitutional type, diet & activities, the weather & seasons are important when considering prevention, diagnosis & treatment

MENTAL PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL SPIRITUAL

(National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 2005)

An Emphasis on Balance

• The human body is part of nature – when it runs perfectly as designed, it can be perfectly healthy

• Using self-healing and self-regulating, it is trying to be healthy at all times (homeostatic balance)

Interference causes imbalance• Wrong diet, poor exercise, negative thinking, stress and fatigue etc.

(Morrison & Svoboda; 1995)

The five fundamental elements that make up the universe:

space, air, fire, water & earth

also make up the human physiology

These energies are called...“doshas”(Mishra, Singh, & Dagenais, 2001)

DOSHAS/ DOSAS

Structure & Energy• Concept of dosha has two fundamental ideas:

1. Its being a bioenergetic substance

1. Its acting as a bioenergetic regulatory physiological force, process, principle

(Fontaine, 2005; Ninivaggi, 2008)

Three Doshasvata pitta kapha

(Fontaine, 2005)

VataElements: air & space

Climate: dry & cold

Principle: movement

Emotions: fearful, anxious, sensitive, nervous, changeable

Systems Most Affected by Vata Imbalances: CNS & colon

Symptoms of Vata Imbalance: flatulence, back pain, circulation problems, dry skin, fearfulness, arthritis, constipation and CNS disorders


PittaElements: fire & water

Climate: hot & moist

Principle: transformation

Emotions:

hate, anger, intolerance, impatience, jealousy, humour, intelligence, warm-heartedness.

Systems of Pitta Imbalance:

skin disorders, acidity, sun-sensitivity, premature hair loss or loss of hair colour, diarrhea


KaphaElements: water & earth

Climate: cold & damp

Principle: cohesion

Emotions:

stubbornness, greed, jealousy, possessiveness, lethargy, reliability & methodical behaviour, kindliness, motherliness

Systems of Kapha Imbalance:

congestion, bronchial/nasal discharge, sluggish, digestion, nausea, slow mental responses, idleness, desire for sleep, excess weight, fluid retention


Ayurveda & Transcultural Nursing Perspectives

Leininger’s Modes of Action & Decisionsa. Culture Care Preservation/Maintenance

Nursing Goal: identify practices based on care preservation & maintenance for healthy outcomes

b. Culture Care Accommodation/NegotiationNursing Goal: accommodating of herbs & special diets Awareness of meditation practices

c. Culture Care Repatterning/Restructuring Nursing Goal: awareness of practices & legal issues

(Larson-Presswalla, 1994)

Ayurveda & Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness

Definition of Consciousness - Interaction With Environment

PERSON•Imbedded in & interacting with the larger energy system known as the universe•Known for their ways of being, patterns of energy, & distinctness from others

ENVIRONMENT•Human beings are related to the larger universe, always in interaction with the environment•Consciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person-environment interaction

(Newman & Moch, 1991; Pharris & Endo, 2007)

Ayurveda & Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness

HEALTH•Incorporates disease as a manifestation of the evolving pattern (information) of the whole person in interaction with the environment

NURSING•Goal: to utilize their power that is within as they evolve toward higher level of consciousness

(Newman & Moch, 1991; Pharris & Endo, 2007)

Application to Nursing Practice

• Patient Safety Ayurvedic Medications

http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/_2008/2008_73-eng.php

• Patient Education • Nurse Education

Determining Dosha types and reviewing lifestyles

(Narayanasamy & Narayanasamy, 2006)



Personal Background of the Practitioner

• RAKESH R. MODI (Ayurveda Guru) B.A.M.S., D.Ac., Dr.Ac., M.Ac., M.Ac.F., C.A.H.P.

Ayurvedic Physician & Lecturer Certified Holistic Practitioner PanchaKarma Specialist Quality Assurance Person (Q.A.P.) Co-Founder & Director of ICAP Inc. (International Council of Ayurvedic

Physician Inc.) Director of IIACM Inc. (Institute of Ayurveda & Complimentary Medicines

Inc.)

Personal Background of the Practitioner

• RAKESH R. MODI (Ayurveda Guru) B.A.M.S., D.Ac., Dr.Ac., M.Ac., M.Ac.F., C.A.H.P.

• Family Tradition - 4th generation practitioner• Father emigrated to Canada & opened practice in Toronto• Dr. Modi continued with practice: expanded & modernized

it • Brought a modern influence to an ancient system

Training is accredited and licensed, but specific to individual, private schools /

institutions that certify individual practitioners.

(RNAO, 2009; AMANA, 2009)

Training / Licensing Requirements for Ayurveda

Ayurveda & Mind Body Spirit Relationship

Knowledge Gained from the Interview:

• Lifestyle: Plays an important part in maintaining mind-body-spirit

relationship

• Food and Diet: What you eat will affect your physical and mental health

• Work and Leisure: The way we handle our bodies will affect the mind-body-spirit

relationship

• Our body & mind are interconnected & inseparable

• Dr. Modi’s statements were in line with the research literature

• Food and Diet: – What we eat plays a big part in determining health

– Brings strength, complexion, happiness & longevity without disturbing the equilibrium of dhatus (tissues) & doshas of the body

• Work and Leisure: – These are activities as opportunities to counter any imbalances & nurture

the mental, emotional & inner aspects

• Take Home Point: The way we handle our body will ultimately affect our mind & spirit

(Morrison & Svoboda, 1995; Sharma, 2009; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007)


Knowledge Gained from Literature:

• Holistic knowledge: the whole range of life, inner, and outer

• Individual as an integrated whole: not just a collection of parts (eyes, lungs, heart)

• Each and every person is unique, with their own individualistic mind, body constitution & life circumstances

(Morrison & Svoboda, 1995; Anselmo & Brooks, 1996; Garodia et. al, 2007; Mishra et. al, 2001; Lenora, 2009; NCCAM, 2005; Narayanasamy; 2006; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007; Larson-Presswalla; 1994)


Knowledge Gained from Literature:

• Body uses its innate self healing as a self regulating ability for a perfect homeostatic balance

• Doshas work together to produce strong healthy tissues.

• Doshas are balanced if the mind & body are in harmony producing emotional & mental stabilities. Simply, what we eat and do each day & how we think & feel are

the influences in maintaining a good body-mind-spirit relationship(Morrison & Svoboda, 1995; Anselmo & Brooks, 1996; Garodia et. al, 2007; Mishra et. al, 2001; Lenora, 2009;

NCCAM, 2005; Narayanasamy; 2006; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007; Larson-Presswalla; 1994)


Knowledge Gained from Literature: • Dr. Vasant teaches that certain negative emotions are connected with

specific body muscles & organs

(Morrison & Svoboda, 1995)


Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research

Interview comments:• The practice of Ayurveda

Diet Adjustment to lifestyle & workstyles Education

• Ayurveda Diagnosis Initial assessment through observation Pulse diagnosis

• Ayurveda Treatment Panchakarma (Five actions of cleansing) Shiro Dhara (Oil dripping on forehead)

• Mental health and Ayurveda Mental Health and Addictions department collaboration on research about mental

health and Ayurveda Extensive research being conducted in Ayurveda and mental illness


Literature on Ayurveda:

• Imbalance in mental doshas (satogun, rajogun & tamogun) & body doshas (vata, pita & kapha) causes major illness.

• Management includes: Clinical examination

Diagnosis – essentially done by observation, touch & questioning

Dietary Interventions

Lifestyle Interventions

Treatment

(Mishra, 2001)

Literature on Ayurveda:• Clinical examination consists of a 8-point diagnosis:

Pulse diagnosis Urine, stool, tongue, voice & body sounds Eye, skin, & total body appearance examination Digestive system & physical health examination Additional examinations include digestive capacity, personal

habits & resilience

(Mishra, 2001)



Literature on Ayurveda:• Treatment

Panchakarma (Cleansing) Palliation Dietary & lifestyle interventions Herbal dietary supplements Yoga Massage Education

(Mishra, 2001)

Literature on Ayurveda: • Diet

Vital to health management According to:

oYour Primary DoshaoSeasonoClimateoAge & SexoQualities of Food

(Mishra, 2001)


Literature on Ayurveda: Ayurveda & Mental Health • Study on treatment of schizophrenia with Ayurvedic

medicine• Treatment of depression with Ayurvedic medicine• Shirodhara (dripping oil on the forehead)

Anxiety Altered state of consciousness ADHD

(Agarwal et al., 2009; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007; Ohja, Kumar, & Rai, 2007; Uebaba et al., 2008)


Payment Structure/Fees • Ayurvedic Consultation $115

Follow up consultation $50

• Sliding Scale of Treatment & Payment options

• Diamond / Golden / Silver Packages Panchakarma - rejuvenation & cleansing

o $ 325 (+3hr session) - $ 175 (1½ hr session) Shirodhara - flowing stream of medicated warm oil on forehead

(third eye) o $ 120 (1½ hr session ) - $ 30 (15min)

Abhayanga (Ayurvedic Healing Massage) o $190 (2 hours) - $ 45 (½ hour)

http://www.ayurvedtoronto.com/services.htm

http://www.ayurvedtoronto.com/services.htm

Ayurveda & Traditional Chinese Medicine

Similarities• both conceptualize essence of life in terms of the ebb &

flow of energy • focus on the patient rather than the disease• aim to promote health & enhance quality of life• symptoms mean very little by themselves • examines every person holistically & by their body type

to properly form diagnoses• many overlapping herbs used in both traditions

(Patwardhan, Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, 2005)

Ayurveda & Traditional Chinese Medicine

Differences• TCM diagnoses patients based on to the Ying & Yang Theory

practitioners see the body as a unified whole with opposing aspects

every element, function & feeling has a complementary opposite

view illness as a result of Yin & Yang imbalance

• Ayurveda concerned with achieving balance between the three doshas views the body as a series of energy channels

disease is seen as an impairment to the flow of energy through these channels

(Patwardhan, Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, 2005)

Ayurveda & Reiki• Both approaches grounded in the belief of life

energies• Reiki is a purely energy based therapy• Ayurveda concerned with seven major Chakras

(Miles & True, 2003)

Ayurveda & Aromatherapy• Utilize many of the same raw materials– essential oils, absolutes, phytoncides , herbal

distillates, infusions, carrier oils• Both apply the principle of synergism of essential

oils with the body to heal the mind, improve cognitive functioning & overall health

• Both systems believe the nose to be the gateway to the brain & consciousness

(van der Watt, & Janca, 2008)

How is Ayurveda perceived and its relevance to our caring-healing

praxis?

Hands-On! Ayurvedic Methods & Techniques

• Video Demonstrations• Class Exercise

What’s your dosha? How to balance your dosha?

ReferencesAgarwal, V., Abhijnhan, A., & Raviraj, P. (2009). Ayurvedic medicine for schizophrenia. The Cochrane

Collaboration, 4, 1-35.

Anselmo, P., & Brooks, J. (1996). Ayurvedic Secrets to Longevity and Total Health. London: Prentice Hall.

Biswas, T., & Mukherjee, B. (2003). Plant medicines of Indian origin for wound healing activities: A review. The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 2(1), 25-39.

Fontaine, K.L. (2005). Complementary & alternative therapies for nursing practice. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education Inc.

Garodia, P., Ichikawa, H., Malani, N., Sethi, G., & Aggarwal, B. (2007). From Ancient Medicine to Modern Medicine: Ayurvedic Concepts of Health and Their Role in Inflammation and Cancer. Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology, 5(1), 1-16.

Krishnamurthy, M., & Telles, S. (2007). Assessing depression following two ancient Indian interventions: Effects of yoga and Ayurveda on older adults in a residential home. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 33(2), 17-23.

Larson-Presswalla, J. (1994). Insights Into Eastern Health Care: Some Transcultural Nursing Perspectives. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 5 (1), 21-24.

ReferencesLenora, S. (1968). Ayurveda Medicine: The Strange and Fascinating Tale of the Art and Science of

Indian Medicine. Clinical Pediatrics, 7, 239-242.

Miles, P., & True, G. (2003). Reiki: Review of a Biofield Therapy. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 9(2), 62–72.

Mishra, L. (2001). Healthcare and disease management in Ayurveda. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 7(2), 44-50.

Mishra, L., Singh, B.B., & Dagenais, S. (2001). Ayurveda: A Historical Perspective And Principles of the Traditional Healthcare System in India. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 7(2), 36-42.

Narayanasamy, A. & Narayanasamy, M. (2006). Ayurvedic Medicine: An Introduction for Nurses. British Journal of Nursing, 15(21), 1185-1190.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (2005). Ayurvedia Medicine: An Introduction. Retrieved October 23, 2009, from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/ayurveda/introduction.htm

Newman, M. A., & Moch, S. D. (1991). Life Patterns of Persons with Coronary Heart Disease. Nursing Science Quarterly, 4(4), 161-167.

http://nccam.nih.gov/health/ayurveda/introduction.htm

ReferencesNinivaggi, F.J. (2008). Ayurveda: A comprehensive guide to traditional Indian medicine for the West.

Praeger Publishers, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc.

Ohja, N., Kumar, A., & Rai, M. (2007). Clinical study on the role of Ayurvedic compound (Manas Niyamak Yoga) and Shirodhara in the management of ADHD in children. National Institute of Ayurveda.

Patwardhan, B., Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, N. (2005). Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Comparative Overview. eCAM, 2(4), 465–473.

Pharris, M. D., & Endo, E. (2007). Flying Free: The Evolving Nature of Nursing Practice Guided by the Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness. Nursing Science Quarterly, 20(2), 136-140

Sharma, V. (2009). Diets based on Ayurvedic constitution-potential for weight management. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 15(1), 44-47.

Uebaba et al., (2008). Psychoneuroimmunologic effects of Ayurvedic oil-dripping treatment.

Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine, 14, 1189-1198.

van der Watt, G., & Janca, A. (2008). Aromatherapy in nursing and mental health care. Contemporary Nurse, 30 (1), 69-75.

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