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ANSYS WORKBENCH I
2010
»
ANSYS WORKBENCH I
2010
2
004.9(03) 89
.
89 ANSYS Workbench: . . / . , . , . , . , . . – -
: . . . , 2010. – 271 .: . ISBN 978-5-7964-1392-0
ANSYS Workbench ( 12.1).
, -, , , -
, . ,
», .
004.9(03) 89
.
, . , .
ISBN 978-5-7964-1392-0 , 2010
, 2010
3
......................................................................................................................................... 5
1. .......................................................................................... 7
1.1. ................................................................................................................................. 7 1.2. ........................................................................................................ 8 1.3. ...................................... 12 1.4. ....................................................................... 14 1.5. . ................................. 16 1.6. .................................................................................................... 20 1.7. .............................................................................................. 22 1.8. ............................................................................... 24 1.9. .............. 32 1.10. ........................................... 42
1.10.1. ......................... 49 1.10.2. ............................ 51 1.10.3. ........................... 53
1.11. ANSYS ................................................................................... 57 .............................................................. 60
2. ANSYS WORKBENCH ......................................................................... 61
2.1. Workbench .................................................................................. 62 2.2. Workbench.......................................................................................... 67
.............................................................. 73
3. .............................................................................. 74
3.1. Design Modeler .............................................................. 75 3.2. .......................................................................... 81
3.2.1. ............................................................................................. 86 3.2.2. ........................................................................ 88 3.2.3. .................................................... 92 3.2.4. ...................................................................... 95
3.3. .............................................................................................. 99 3.3.1. ..................................................................... 99 3.3.2. ........................................................................... 110 3.3.3. ..................................................... 123
3.4. ................................................................ 130 3.5. ........................................................................ 132
............................................................ 136
4
4. .................................................. 138
4.1. .......................................... 138 4.2. .......................................................................................... 144 4.3. ........................................................................... 147 4.4. ......................................................................... 157
4.4.1. .............................................................. 162 4.5. .................................................................... 164
........................................................... 170
5. .............................................................. 171
5.1. ............................................................................................................ 171 5.2. ................................................................................. 174 5.3. Mesh Control ............................................................................................. 181
5.3.1. ..................................................................................... 181 5.3.2. ..................................................................................... 189 5.3.3. .................................................................. 195 5.3.4. Refinement .................................................................................................. 195 5.3.5. ............................................................... 198 5.3.6. .................................................................... 201
5.4. ............................................................................. 202 5.5. ........................................................................................... 204 5.6. ................................................................................... 204 5.7. Mechanical ANSYS .. 208
........................................................... 209
6. . ............................. 211
6.1. ...................................................................... 213 6.1.1. ............................................................................................. 218 6.1.2. ..................................................................................... 221
6.2. ........................................................................................................... 234 6.3. .......................................................................................... 241
6.3.1. ......................................................................................... 243 6.3.2. ............................................................................................. 245 6.3.3. ....................................................................... 247 6.3.4. ......................................................................... 249 6.3.5. ............................................................................... 249 6.3.6. ...................................................................... 252
........................................................... 252
................................................................................................................................. 255
5
ANSYS - CAE- -
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43
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44
(89)-(93) : - (89) (92), (93)
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2
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( , , ) eN x y z 4-
( , , ),..., ( , , ),i pN x y z N x y z -
, ,x y z :
1( , , ) ; ( ),
6i j k p i i i i ie ee
N x y z N N N N N a b x c y d zV
(97)
detj j j
i k k k
p p p
x y za x y z
x y z;
1det 1
1
j j
i k k
p p
y zb y z
y z;
1det 1 ;
1
j j
i k k
p p
x zc x z
x z
1det 1
1
j j
i k k
p p
x yd x y
x y; eV .
, ,j k pN N N -
, , , ,i j k p .
:
0 0
0 00 0
xx
yye
zz e
KD K
K; (98)
46
e ee
e
TxTg B TyTz
, (99)
16
i j k p
i j k pee
i j k p e
b b b bB c c c c
Vd d d d
.
e, (96) ,
( , , )ee
T N x y z Tt t
. (100)
(94) , (96)-(100)
2 3
3 3
1 1
1
2
12
2
.2
e
e e
e e
e e
m mT T
e e e ee e V
e eeV V
mT T
e e ee S S
b beS S
T B D B T dV
c N T N T dV w N T dVt
hq N T dS T N N T dS
hhT N T dS T dS
(101)
(101) T ,
1 1
0m m
ee
e eT T T. (102)
(102) -
:
47
q g hee e e ee e ee
Q C T K T Q Q QT t
, (103)
« » :
3e e
T Te e e e e e
V S
K B D B dV h N N dS , (104)
« » :
e
Te e e
V
C c N N dV , (105)
, - q, w, -
:
2 e
q Tee
S
Q q N dS ; (106)
e
g Tee
V
Q w N dV ; (107)
3e
h Tb ee
S
Q hT N dS . (108)
(102) , -:
q g hC T K T Q Q Qt
, (109)
K ( ) ; C
, -
, gQ , -
, hQ ,
. .
48
, (109), -
:
1
, , 1,...,m
ij ij ee
K K i j n ; (110)
1
, , 1,...,m
ij ij ee
C C i j n ; (111)
1
, 1,...,m
q qi i e
eQ Q i n ; (112)
1
, 1,...,m
g gi i e
eQ Q i n ; (113)
1
, 1,...,m
h hi i e
eQ Q i n . (114)
(109) -
.
C T K T Qt
, (115)
q g hQ Q Q Q . 1 0t t t
T
1 0
1T T Tt t
. (116)
--
:
1 0
12
T T T ; (117)
1 0
12
Q Q Q . (118)
49
(116)-(118) (115),
1 0
2 2 2K C T C K T Qt t
. (119)
, - (119)
. K , C , qQ - (119), ( -
, , ) . -
, .
, (119) .
, -, (119)
, -, .
(91) – - (92) –
(101). (93) -
, .
1.10.1.
. . ,
A ( . 1.9). i – q, j – -
qh.
50
. 1.9
( ) -
Ti jeT T T .
:
,i je ee eT x N T N N T (120)
ji
j j
x xN
x x; i
jj j
x xNx x
.
-:
1, 1 1 .xxe eD K B
L (121)
(« ») :
1 1 0 0
.1 1 0 1
e j
T Te e e ee e
V S
xx
K B D B dV h N N dS
AK AhL
(122)
(« ») :
2 1.
1 26
j
e i
jx
j i jT ie e e
j i j iV x i
j i
x xx x x x x xC c N N dV c dx
x x x xx xx x
cAL
(123)
q L
q
Tj Ti
i j qh x
51
, q :
1
,0
i
Tqe e
S
Q q N dS qA (124)
0
.1
j
h Te b e b
S
Q hT N dS AhT (125)
, w:
.2
j
e i
xg jT
eeiV x
x xwA wALQ w N dV dxx xL
(126)
i , 0q
: 00
qeQ .
1.10.2.
-
. -.
( . 1.10). jk – - q, ij – -
qh. .
. 1.10
i j
k
q
qh
W(x,y)
x
y
52
( ) -
Ti j keT T T T .
:
,i j ke ee eT x N T N N N T (127)
1 ( )
2i i i ie
N a b x c y , 1
1 det 12
1
i i
e j j
k k
x yx yx y
–
ijk; , ,i j k k j i j k i k ja x y x y b y y c x x .
Nj, Nk , - i, j, k.
-
,xxe
yy
K oD
o K1 .
2i j k
ei j ke
b b bB
c c c (128)
00
0 0 0
2 1 01 2 0
4 4 60 0
e j
ij
T Te e e ee e
V S
i i i jT
e e e e j i j jS
i i i j i ik i i i j i ikyy ijxx
j i j j j k j i j j j ke e
k i k j k k k i k j k k
K B D B dV h N N dS
N N N NB D B h N N N N dS
b b b b b b c c c c c cK hLK b b b b b b c c c c c c
b b b b b b c c c c c c.
0
(129)
ijL – i, j.
(« ») :
2 1 11 2 1
121 1 2e
T ee e e
V
cC c N N dV (130)
,
53
, q jk -
ij, : 01 ,
21i
jkq Te e
S
qLQ q N dS
11
20j
b ijh Te b e
S
hT LQ hT N dS . (131)
, w:
11
31e
g T eee
V
wQ w N dV . (132)
:
12
ii j k
jei j ke
ke
T Tb b bxg T
T c c cTy
. (133)
1.10.3.
, . 1.11. 0,2L , 31 10A 2. – , -
50xxK . : - T1 = 100 , -
41 10q 2, .
. 1.11
3 2 1
L
L1 L2
q T1
54
L1= 0,1 , L2= 0,1 .
1 2 3TT T T T , 2 3,T T .
-, (120)-(125):
3
1 21
2
1 1 1 11 10 501 1 1 10,1
1 150 10 .
1 1
xxAKK KL
(134)
4 32
0 0 01 10 1 10 10 .
1 1 1qQ qA (135)
- (110)-(112):
2
1 1 050 10 1 2 1 ,
0 1 1K
010 0 .
1Q (136)
(109)
1
22
3
1 1 0 050 10 1 2 1 0 .
0 1 1 10
TTT
(137)
T1 = 100 -
, : 1
2
3
1 0 0 1000 2 1 1000 1 1 20
TTT
.
-: T1= 100 C, T2= 80 C, T3= 60 C.
-, . 1.11. 0,2L
, 31 10A 2. – ,
55
50xxK , c =500 , = 8000 3. : -
T1 = 100 , –
21 10q T 2, . : T0 = 0 t0 = 0.
0 1000nt t , n = 2.
L1= 0,1 , L2= 0,1 .
1 2 3TT T T T , 2 3,T T .
-, (120)-(125):
3
1 21
2
1 1 1 11 10 501 1 1 10,1
1 150 10 .
1 1
xxAKK KL
(138)
4 32
0 0 01 10 1 10 10 .
1 1 1qQ qA (139)
:
31
1 2
2 1 2 18000 500 1 10 0,11 2 1 26 6
2 166,667 .
1 2
cALC C (140)
:
2 33 3 32
0 0 01 10 1 10 0,1 .
1 1 1qQ q T A T T (141)
-
(110) (112):
56
2
1 1 050 10 1 2 1 ,
0 1 1K (142)
2 1 0
66,67 1 4 1 ,0 1 2
(143)
3
00,1 0 .
1Q T (144)
t = 500 . (119), :
1,0333 0,2333 0
2 0,2333 2,0667 0,2333 ,0 0,2333 1,0333
KC K Ct
(145)
0,0333 0,7667 0
2 0,7667 0,0667 0,7667 .0 0,7667 0,0333
CK C Kt
(146)
(119) ,
:
0
3 300
0 00,1 0 0,1 0 .Q Q
T T (147)
(119), T1 = 100 -
, :
2 2
303 3 0
1002,0667 0,2333 0,0667 0,7667.
0,20,2333 1,0333 0,7667 0,0333T T
TT T (148)
. 1.1.
57
1.1
,
1 2 3
500 100 49,7 11,2
1000 100 59,6 48,5
1.11. ANSYS
ANSYS -, -
, -, , , -
. . --
. (Batch) -
(Interactive) . -
APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language) ANSYS. , ,
ANSYS . , -
, , « – » . -
(GUI) ANSYS, Workbench.
. , -
. - – , -
-.
58
- ANSYS . -
( ) . -
: 1. ( -
, , .), -.
2. -.
. 3. -
. - ANSYS.
( , , .), . 4. .
ANSYS PREP7. Workbench Design Modeler. -
CAD-.
5. . .
6. -, .
– – :
1. – , ( ) . 2. ( , , -
.). (
, .).
59
3. , -. ,
( -, .).
( ) – . - ( , ,
, .) ANSYS , , , . -
. -
ANSYS , .
. (Help) ANSYS
. , -
. ANSYS, Inc. -
– Workbench, -. Workbench
, , -, , -
, , . Workbench CAD CAE,
. , Workbench ANSYS , -
, . - ANSYS, Inc. Workbench -
, .
Workbench .
60
1. ? 2. , ? 3. ? 4. .
? 5. . 6. ? 7. ? 8. -
. 9. ? 10. . 11. ( )? 12. ? 13. . 14. ? 15. ? 16. ? 17. -
? 18. . 19. -
. 20. -
? 21. ANSYS?
61
2. ANSYS WORKBENCH
ANSYS Workbench - , -, -
, . , -
. , – , -
. -:
( ). -,
, , -. -
, ; . -
, , -, .
, -;
( ). -
( , -, .).
, , , -.
. , , -
, , -, .
,
62
-. Workbench -
, , --
, .
2.1. WORKBENCH
ANSYS Workbench /ANSYS 12/Workbench. -
, -. ( . 2.1).
. 2.1
, Windows. -
.
63
Project Schematic -,
Workbench . 2.2).
( ) -. -
. Toolbox – -
, Project Schematic. -, -
( . 2.3). : Analysis Systems – , , ANSYS.
.
Component Systems – , -
, : , -
. Custom Systems -
-, -
-
. -, -
. Design Exploration -
,
.
. 2.2
. 2.3
64
Properties – , --
Project Schematic -.
,
-,
, . . 2.4
Geometry. ,
, -.
Messages, ,
( . 2.5). -, Messages
, ANSYS -, .
Hide/Show Messages, - Workbench.
Workbench -
. , -.
. 2.4
. 2.5
65
Reset Window Layout View.
- ( . 2.6).
, --
( -) - Workbench
CAD/CAE- .
Refresh Project , Update Project
-. Compact Mode -
Workbench, ( . 2.7).
Workbench Tools/Options. . 2.8 -
. 2.6
. 2.7
66
. Restore Defaults .
. 2.8
Units , - ( . 2.9).
-. , , -
.
ANSYS Workbench Help
. -
- F1,
-, -
, . -
.
. 2.9
67
2.2. WORKBENCH
, ANSYS -; -
Toolbox, ( . 2.10). :
Static Structural – ; Transient Structural – ; Steady-State Thermal – ; Transient Thermal – ; Modal – ; Harmonic Response – ; Linear Buckling – ; Explicit Dynamics – .
-
, , --
. . 2.10,
-: ANSYS, Samcef, MBD .
-
. 2.11. Workbench -
.
Workbench 2.0 , . 2.10
68
, - ( . . 2.11). -
-, .
. 2.11
:
Toolbox Project Schematic.
-. . -
( ) ; -
Toolbox. ( ) .
Project Schematic
( . 2.12) : (Update), (Duplicate),
(Replace With),
69
(Clear Generated Data), (Delete),
(Rename), (Properties).
,
( . 2.13). ,
, (Edit), (Update),
(Transfer Data From New) . ,
. ,
Engineering Data, .
( . . 2.11). -,
( . Setup . 2.11).
,
( . Solution Results
. 2.11),
,
. Workbench
. ,
. 2.12
. 2.13
70
, -
. ,
, .
.
. 2.14
Workbench , :
(Transfer Data) (Share).
. ,
.
, .
. 2.14 -.
71
(Engineering Data), (Geometry), (Model) ,
Share. ,
Solution Steady-State Thermal Setup Static Structural .
.
Toolbox, -, -
. , Geometry, -, Engineering
Data Geometry. , Model, -, Engineering
Data, Geometry Model. , , ,
( . 2.15).
. - ( . 2.16) Transfer Data To New Transfer
Data From New -. -
. 2.15
72
, . -
-
. -
.
Workbench. .wbpj
. -
. dp0. -
, , dpN,
N . :
(.agdb) (.mechdb); (.mechdb); (file.rst); ANSYS, Work-
bench (ds.dat); (file.err); (solve.out).
, , -, ,
user_files.
. 2.16
73
1. ANSYS Workbench. :
Workbench? Project Schematic Toolbox? Static Structural,
Transient Structural, Steady-State Thermal Modal? ? Import ? Refresh Project Update Project -
?
2. -. « ». -
« ». :
Geometry, Model, Results?
? ?
? , ? « »,
« »? 3. : -
. -. -
:
? -?
, ? ? , ?
4. Workbench?
5. ?
6. file.rst?
74
3.
Geometry. Design Modeler,
. - Design Modeler -
, ANSYS, .
-,
Geometry, -, -
Properties . 3.1). Basic Geometry Options -
-, , , -
, , -
, Advanced Geometry Options -
: (
3D -),
CAD- , -
. , ,
.
. 3.1
75
3.1. DESIGN MODELER
, -
. ,
Geometry, -,
– New Geometry . 3.2). Work-bench -
Design Modeler; --
, . 3.3.
Design Modeler- CAD-, , Import
Geometry. ANSYS , : Parasolid (.x_b, .x_t), IGES (.iges,
.igs), SolidWorks (.SLDPRT, .SLDASM), Unigraphics NX (.prt), Inventor (.ipt, .iam), Pro/Engineer (.prt, .asm), ACIS (.sat) . -
, Design Modeler, .agdb. -
, Reset . . 3.2).
Design Modeler :
.
. ;
(Tree Outline). ;
(Details View). ;
. 3.2
76
(Graphics). -.
. 3.3
: File -
; Create –
; Concept – -
; Tools – -
, ;
View – -;
Help – Design Modeler.
77
(Tree Outline) -
---
( . 3.4).
, -. -
-, -
.
, -
. ,
. 3.6). . 3.4.
. 3.5
(Details View) , ( .
. 3.6). -, ,
. 3.4
78
. -,
. (Graphics) -
-,
, -. -
. -
. 3.7. -, -
. -
. :
– . --
. - Ctrl, . -
Ctrl.
-. .
– .
. Ctrl, -
. 3.6
79
, Shift, -. ,
, – ,
( . . 3.7). – .
.
, . , -
.
-, -
. - Esc.
, , -: , , . Design Modeler -
, -. -
: . -,
. 3.7
80
, . -
( . 3.8).
, --
. (« »),
Extend to Adjacent . Extend to Limits -
, ; -, .
- Flood Blends. ,
, - Flood Area.
-, , -
. Design Modeler
, , ,
( . 3.9).
. 3.8
81
---
.
, -
.
3.2.
.
, , .
-. -
Design Modeler : -
(Sketching) – ,
(Modeling) –
-.
--
( . 3.10).
. 3.9
. 3.10
82
Design Modeler Oxyz,
: x – , y – , z – . , -
, . ,
. -: Oxy (XYPlane), Oxz (ZXPlane), Oyz
(YZPlane). , -
Create New Plane -.
Details View. ( Plane) ( . 3.11):
From Plane – ; From Face – ; From Point and Edge – ; From Point and Normal – , -
; From Three Points – ; From Coordinates – , -
. , , -
– (Base Plane), (Base Face), (Base Point, Base Edge) . -
, :
(Axes) – -, , ;
(Offset) – ;
(Rotate) – -.
83
- Transform ,
. -: -
Move Transform Up – - Move Transform Down
. - Remove Transform.
-, , Generate
. Design Modeler . , -
Generate -; ,
. , . -
.
. 3.11
84
Sketch1, -, .
, : (Hide Sketch), -
(Look at), - (Show Dependencies),
(Rename) (Delete) . - (Look at)
, Sketching. (Tree Outline)
(Sketching Toolboxes), ( . 3.12):
Draw – ; Modify – ; Dimensions – ; Constraints – -
; Settings – .
-:
, -
. -
Modify --
Constraints – .
, -
Generate. . 3.12
85
, -, .
, -. -
, .
Settings - Sketching Toolboxes. :
(Grid). : Show in 2D – Snap –
; (Major Grid Spacing).
. -;
(Minor-Steps per Major). -. -
, , -; , ,
; (Snaps per Minor). -
-, .
, ,
, . , , -
.
Draw, Modify, Dimensions, Constraints. --
. , -
ANSYS Design Modeler.
86
3.2.1.
Design Modeler . -
Draw : (Line).
; , (Tangent Line). -
-. -
, ; , (Line by 2 Tangents).
;
(Polyline). . -
, Open End. , Closed End;
(Polygon). . -
n; (Rectangle). ,
. - Rectangle by 3 Points;
(Oval). , --
. ;
(Circle). , . ,
, Circle by 3 Tangents; (Arc by Tangent). ,
87
. ,
. (Arc by 3 Points)
(Arc by Center); (Ellipse). ,
; (Spline). , -
. - Polyline. -
: - (Open End),
(Open End with Points), (Closed End), - (Closed End with Points);
(Construction Point). . ,
, Construction Point at Intersection, -
. -
(Sketching Toolboxes). Esc.
, , Undo . -
Redo.
. -, , -
. -.
, , Back.
88
-
, Details
View. . 3.13 -.
- ( Full Circle).
-
, , , .
3.2.2.
-. Modify -
: (Fillet). , -
. , - Radius. -
.
, : (Trim Both), (Trim 1st, Trim 2nd),
(Trim None), (Full Circle); (Chamfer). .
Length. -, . -
-;
(Corner). -. -
, ;
. 3.13
89
(Trim). ; -
, . -.
, - Ignore Axis;
(Extend). . -
Ignore Axis; (Split). . -
: Split at Select , -
, Split Edges at Point – , ; Split Edges at All Points -
; Split Edge into n Equal Segments – n ;
(Drag). . ,
, . . -
, , , ;
(Cut). -.
« » (Paste Handle) , -.
. , , . -
( ) : End/Set Paste Handle – -
, End/Use Plane Origin as Handle – --
, End/Use Default Paste Handle –
90
-. Clear Selection
. -, -
. (Paste), : (r)
(f) . -
( . 3.14), .
. , -
, . End.
Esc. , , -
;
(Copy). . ,
Cut, ; -.
(Move). . -,
. 3.14
91
;
(Replicate). . ,
; (Duplicate). -
. ( . 3.15),
-, .
;
. 3.15
(Offset). , -. -
. -,
End Selection/Place Offset. , , -
. , -, ;
(Spline Edit). -, Spline. -
. , -
, , . -
, .
92
3.2.3.
, --
, -.
, . -
, -. Constraints, -
, : (Fixed). -
. - ( -
).
Fixed Endpoints – -.
; (Horizontal). -
( - X). , X
; (Vertical). -
( Y). , Y ;
(Perpendicular). -
. , --
. , , -
; (Tangent). -
. -
93
, , -;
(Coincident). -, -
. ; (Midpoint). -
. ;
(Symmetry).
. , , ( , ).
. -
( Select new symmetry axis); (Parallel). -
. , -
. , , -
( Select multiple). -.;
(Concentric). -, . -
, , ;
(Equal Radius). . -
, , -;
(Equal Length). . , -
, -;
94
(Equal Distance).
. -.
- (1-2 2-3,
2-3 3-4 .). Design Modeler
, : -, , , -
. -. 3.16.
. 3.16
Auto Constraints -. : Cursors Global. Cursors -
, -, -
. Global -.
Design Modeler -. -
, , ,
. -. -
,
95
, Design Modeler .
AutoConstraints.
3.2.4.
-,
, , , -. -
, , , , Design Modeler . -
, , , , -.
, : ,
, . -
. -. Design Modeler -
, ,
(over-constrained) .
Dimensions. Semi-Automatic. Design
Modeler -; , -. ,
, Details View. -: Skip –
; Exit – ; Continue –
.
96
Dimension;
. , -
. Design Modeler , ,
, . ,
. (Horizontal). -
( X). , , -
, -;
(Vertical). ( Y). -;
(Length/Distance). -. -
, ;
(Radius). -, .
(RMX) (RMN), ;
(Diameter). -. ;
(Angle). .
: -. -
( Alternate Angle); (General). -
97
. -, , , , . -
-. -
, -.
.
Details View . 3.17). -
( -
), (Value). , -
, Reference Only; -.
Edit.
Move. , , -
. -
Animate, -. -
, . ( ) -
Cycles.
. -.
Display Values. Values
. 3.17
98
, Names – . -, .
-
-. Design Modeler -
. -
Sketch Instance, -
, . -
Details View ( . 3.18) : Base Sketch – , ( ).
-. , ,
; Base X, Base Y – -
. ; Instance X, Instance Y –
; Rotate Angle – (Instance X, Instance Y);
Scale – .
Generate. Design Modeler . -
, , . -
. .
. 3.18
99
3.3.
-, .
, Modelling .
-.
, Details View, Generate.
: ,
; ,
; .
3.3.1.
: , , , -
, . (Extrude)
-.
. 3.19 : Base Object – , -
. ;
Operation – , -. Add Material,
. , Cut
Material , Imprint Fac-es – « » ,
100
. Add Frozen - ( . . 110);
Direction Vector – , . -
, . None (Normal), ;
Direction – . : Normal – -
, Reversed – , Both Symmetric -
, Both Asymme-tric .
Extent Type – . Fixed – ,
Through All – , To Next - , To Face – -
, To Surface -
( . 3.20); Depth – , -
. .
. 3.19
101
. 3.20
, (Line Body), -
– (Surface Body). (Revolve) -
( . 3.21). Base Object, Operation Direction Extrude. Axis
– , -. Angle .
102
. -
, -. -
, . As
Thin/Surface? Yes, .
(Sweep) -
. : Profile – ; Path – ; Alignment –
. Path Tangent – -
. Global Axis -;
Scale – . ;
Twist Specification – , .
(No Twist) Turns –
– Pitch – , . Turns Pitch –
. Sweep . 3.22.
, . -
. 3.21
103
( ), -. ,
.
(Skin/Loft). , -
, . Profiles , .
, , -
Ctrl. . 3.23.
. 3.22
104
. 3.23
Design Modeler -, -
(guide line). , Fix Guide Line.
. Continue Sketch Selection -
. ,
, . ( . . 3.23). -
.
Details View. -,
Profiles - ( . 3.24):
105
Move to Top – ;
Move Up – -;
Move Down – ;
Move to Bottom – -.
, Delete. ,
, - ( . 3.25).
: Line Body – , -
( ). ,
, Lines From Points, Lines From Edges, Lines From Sketches ( . . 126);
Surface Body – , . , ,
( Thickness). -, , -
Surface from Edges, Surface from Sketches, Surfaces from Faces ( . . 128);
Solid – , . -, , , Primi-
tives ( . . 109). (Parts) -
Form New Part . -
.
. 3.24
. 3.25
106
.
. Extrude, Rotate, Sweep, Skin/Loft -
As Thin/Surface?, . ( No). (
Yes), : Inward Thickness – , , Outward Thickness , .
-. , Solid
.
Thin/Surface. Selection Type -
: Faces to Remove – ; Faces to Keep c , -
; Bodies Only –
. Geometry
Selection Type. Direction -: Inward –
z, Outward -, Mid-Plane –
. ,
. Design Mod-eler ,
. ( . Freeze
Body . 110).
107
-
Fixed Radius Blend. - Geometry -
, -, Radius -
.
, - Variable Radius
Blend. Transitions -: Smooth – ,
Linear – . Start Radius, End Radius -. -
-.
. 3.26. .
( . 3.27) - Chamfer. -
Geometry -.
, .
Type -: Left-Right –
,
, Left-Angle (Right-Angle) – --
. (Line Body)
(Sufrace Body) Vertex Blend.
. 3.26
. 3.27
108
( Verticies) -.
, , .
, , - Points. -
: Construction Point – -, Spot Weld – , -
« », Point Load – . (
Base Faces) ( Guide Edges), - ( Definition):
Single – , : (Sigma),
(Edge Offset), - (Face Offset);
Sequence By Delta – , -:
(Sigma), (Edge Offset) (Delta),
(Face Offset); Sequence By N – , -
: (Sigma), (Edge Offset),
(N) - (Omega),
(Face Offset); From Coordinates File – ,
; Manual Input – .
Points . 3.28.
109
. 3.28
Design Modeler : , , , -
, , , . - Create Primitives ( . 3.29). -
, (Base Plane), (Ori-gin Definitions), , -
110
. Opera-tion Add Material, Cut Material -
, . -
As Thin/Surface?, -
. -
Design Modeler.
3.3.2.
. , -
, , -. , Design Modeler -
, -, , -
. , ,
, .
, , -,
. Design Modeler Freeze – ( ) -
. .
( . 3.30).
. 3.29
111
Freeze , .
Unfreeze. Freeze Unfreeze Tools ,
. , Generate .
-, .
Orientation Add Frozen. -
(Pattern), Create. --
. Geometry . Pattern Type :
Linear – . -
(Direction), (Offset) (Copies); Circular – . -
, - (Axis), (Angle)
(Copies). Angle Evenly Spaced – ;
. 3.30
112
Rectangular – . -
. Pattern -
Pattern Type . 3.31. -,
, « » .
. 3.31
- Body Operation. -
113
, , , -, . -
Create -, -
. Bodies , -. Type
; . Mirror – ( . 3.32).
Mirror Plane , -.
No Preserve Bodies?;
. 3.32
Move – . : (Source Plane) (Destination Plane).
. No Pre-
serve Bodies?, , .
. 3.33; Delete – .
Body Operation .
114
. 3.33
Scale – . ,
Scaling Origin): World Origin – , Body Centroids – , Point –
. (Scaling Factor) - 0,001 1000.
Simplify – . - Design Modeler . -
Simplify Geometry ( - Yes). , , -
Simplify Topology; Sew – ( ). -
(Surface Body), . -
, , - Tolerance, : Normal – ,
Loose – , User Define – . -.
, Yes Create Solids. Sew -
. 3.34. (0,5 ) , User Tolerance (1 ), -
;
115
. 3.34
Translate – . , ( Di-
rection Definition): Selection – , Coordinates – -
. Distance, – -
X Offset, Y Offset, Z offset. Preserve Bodies? ;
Rotate – . -, ( Axis Defini-
tion): Selection – , Components – . -
Angle. Preserve Bodies? -;
Cut Material – . Body Operation -
(Extrude, Rotate .) . -
, ( ) . ( Preserve Bodies?
No). Body Operation - Cut Material . 3.35.
116
. 3.35
Imprint Faces – -. Body Operation « -
» . --
Operation, Imprint Faces. -
( . 3.36). ( Preserve Bodies? No);
. 3.36
Slice Material – . , , -
, . . ( Preserve Bodies?
Yes). Body Operation . 3.37.
117
. 3.37
, - Boolean.
(Solids), (Surface Body). (Line Body)
. - Create.
Operation : Unite – . Tool Bodies
; Subtract – . Target Bodies -
, Tool Bodies . Pre-serve Tool Bodies? -
; Intersect – . Tool Bodies
, Intersect Result – -: Intersection of All Bodies –
, Union of All Intersection -. -
Preserve Tool Bodies? , Yes/No, - Yes, Sliced, -
(Frozen) .
118
Boolean . 3.38.
. 3.38
Slice.
Create , , , ( , -
Freeze). Slice Type :
Slice by Plane – . - (Base Plane). -
, Slice Targets ( - – All Bodies) Selected Bodies
. Slice Slice by Plane . 3.39. -
;
119
. 3.39
Slice By Surface – . ( Target Face) -
(Slice Targets=Select Bodies). , Slice Targets=All Bodies. Bounded Surface? -
- ( No). Slice
Slice by Surface . 3.40. Target Face -
Slice By Surface , .
Bounded Surface?;
Slice Off Faces – . , -
. Faces. Design Modeler ,
. Slice Slice Off Faces . 3.41;
120
. 3.40
. 3.41
121
Slice Off Edges – . - Slice Off Faces - (Line body). -
(Cross Section). Edges.
Slice . 3.42.
. 3.42
- Face Delete, Create.
Faces , Healing Method « »
( Automatic). - Edge Delete,
. Face Delete Edge Delete . Face Delete
. 3.43. . 3.44 Edge Delete -
Healing Method. -,
, No Healing Healing Method -.
122
. 3.43
. 3.44
123
-. -
Sketch Projection, -
. -, , . -
, , -
. Geometry . -
Generate. -,
, . -, , Sketch
Instance, ,
.
3.3.3.
, Design Modeler -
, . --
, -,
. Named Selection,
Tools . ( ), -
, , , , .
, ,
124
. -, «-».
(Surface body) Mid-Surface. -
Face Pairs, , . -
, ,
. 3.45). .
. 3.45
-, -
, . , -,
. Symmetry Tools. Number of Plains
( 1 3). , , -
Mechanical , . -
. -
Symmetry . 3.46.
125
. 3.46
Fill -. Tools.
( Extraction Type): By Cavity – , By Caps –
. - Faces.
(Surface Body).
( Preserve Capping Bodies Preserve Solids). Fill
. 3.47. --
, . - 1 2 3, -
(Surface Body). Extraction Type By Caps Fill, ,
2 3 . (Line Body)
(Surface Body) - Concept. :
126
. 3.47
Lines From Points – . Point Segments -
, -, Points. -
( Point Pairs) , - ( Point Chains).
, -; -
(Remove Last Segment) (Clear All Segments). -
Operation, Add Material, Add Frozen -
; Lines From Sketches – . Base Object ,
, (Plane from Face), -. Operation ;
127
Lines From Edges -. Edges Faces -
; . , -
. Operation . 3D Curve
. , , Points. -
Definition -: Point Selection – , From Coordinates File –
. Operation . -
, -
: Open End – , , Closed End , , Clear All Points – , Delete Point – .
Split Edges. Edges , -
, Definition :
Fractional – . Fraction , -
0,5 ; Split by Delta – :
Sigma – , Delta – ;
Split by N – N . -: Sigma – -, Omega – -
, N – .
128
, -. -
Surface From Edges ( . ), -. -
, . (Surface Body) -
: Surface From Edges – -
. Edges , , -
.
Flip Surface Normal?) ( - Thickness); Surface From Sketches
, . Base Object . Operation
( Add Material) Add Frozen) .
- Orient With Plane Normal? ( Yes – -
). Thickness ; Surface From Faces –
. Faces , Operation .
, -, Holes Repair Method ( -
No Healing) Natural Healing.
129
- Design Modeler -
-. -
- Concept Cross Sec-
tion. . 3.48, -
, --
. , User Integrated,
, -, ,
. User Defined .
-.
Cross Section Details View . 3.49). -
- ( Offset Type).
. 3.49
. 3.48
130
3.4.
, . ,
-. ,
, , -
, . ,
. :
Edit Selection – .
, Details View; Insert – . ,
, . . 3.5 . 77);
Rename – . . , -
, -, -
, ; Delete – ; Generate – .
-; Generate
; Always Show Sketch – , .
Show Sketch;
131
Hide Sketch – -. . -
- Show Sketch;
Look at – -. -
; Suppress – .
, . Suppress & All Below, -
; Unsuppress – Suppress. -
. Unsuppress & All Below, -
; Show Dependencies – .
, -, . Parents
( ) , Children – . ,
, -, ;
Suppress Body – -. ,
(Line Body, Surface Body, Solid), - Mechanical.
Unsuppress Body;
. . 3.50.
132
. 3.50
3.5.
-, -
, , . -, , Depth
Extrude, Angle Revolve . -,
. , , , , -
. ,
, .
, -, , -
. -
. -,
- ANSYS.
-, -
133
. -, -
. , --
, . - Workbench -
, , , . -
. .
Parameter Manager,
Tools Parameters. -.
Details View . 3.51). Design Modeler
, . Parame-
ter Manager, .
. 3.52 :
Design Parameters – -;
. 3.51
134
Parameter/Dimension Assignments – -;
Check – ;
Close – .
, Parameter Manager.
-, Parameter/Dimension Assignments.
-. -
@. :
– abs(x), sin(x), cos(x), tan(x), - ln(x), exp(x), –
sqrt(x). - Generate.
: ZXPlane.L1 = @ZXPlane.L1 –
ZXPlane.L1 - @ZXPlane.L1;
. 3.52
135
ZXPlane.L2 = 2*@ZXPlane.L1 + @ZXPlane.L3 – - ZXPlane.L2
: @ZXPlane.L1 @ZXPlane.L3; Extrude1.FD1 = dist –
Extrude1.FD1 dist, ;
Extrude1.FD1 = sqrt(x_dist*x_dist+y_dist*y_dist) Extrude1.FD1
x_dist, y_dist, . Check Design Modeler -
( . 3.53). -, -
. Close Parameter Manager.
. 3.53
-.
Parameters Parameter Set . 3.54).
, , -. Parameter Set
136
.
.
1. ANSYS Workbench, - Static Structural. Design Modeler. -:
Tree Outline Details View? ? Graphics ?
2. . - Draw
. Dimensions .
. 3.54
137
3. (XYPIane, ZXPIane, ZYPIane), 50
X 45 . . .
4. . Move
. 5. , -
. – . – -.
6. -.
Extrude . , , . .
7. 3 . 5 .
8. . -.
Revolve 90° . 9. Revolve ,
. 10. Body Operation -
. , -.
11. . .
12. . .
(Surface Body). 13. -
. . 14. 10R, R –
. -. -.
138
4.
. Workbench
, Engineering Data. -
, . -
.
- Engineering Data ,
. .
-.
4.1.
-, ,
, ,
-. -
Engineering Data, - ( .
4.1).
,
Engineering Data -. 4.1
139
Edit ( . 4.2). , ,
, .
Engineering Data , -
. --
.
-. View -
. . 4.3 -.
-. 4.1.
. 4.2
. 4.3
140
4.1
A Toolbox
)
,
B Outline Filter
)
, -
C Outline Pane
)
-
(Outline Filter)
D Properties Pane
)
-
(Outline Pane)
E Table Pane
)
(Properties Pane)
F Chart Pane
)
,
(Properties Pane)
, , , -
. 2.1. -
, , .
( ). (Toolbox) -
. ,
, . , . 4.3 ( ) – (Structural Steel).
141
. 4.4,
. Toolbox
: ; -
, ;
. (Outline
Filter) -, .
( Engineering Data), , -, .
Favorites, -.
Outline Filter : ; ; ; ; .
(Outline Pane) Outline Filter
. 4.5). , . , . 4.5 Outline of
General Materials , General Materials.
.
. 4.4
142
(Properties Pane) , ( . 4.6).
: ,
( ); ; ; ; .
(Property) , -. -
. .
. 4.5
143
. 4.6
(Table Pane) , ( . 4.7). -
( , ) -
-,
, --
. - *,
. -
. (Chart Pane) -
( . 4.8). -, -
Edit Properties Properties of Chart ( . 4.9).
, -, , -
.
. 4.7
144
. 4.8
. 4.9
4.2.
. , -
: , .
, . -
. -, -
Outline Pane. -.
145
. , -
. , - Outline Filter.
Add Outline Pane.
ANSYS\v120\Addins\EngineeringData\Language\<lang>\Samples. -:
General Materials -. , -
; General Nonlinear Materials -
; Explicit Materials
; Hyperelastic Materials
, -. -;
Magnetic B-H Curves , B-H , .
File Import, Import
. Engineering Data File *.xml, *.engd. ,
, , .
( Favorites).
, XML- .
146
-. - Location Outline
Filter. - Ok.
-, , -
: , -
ANSYS 9.0 11.0; MatML 3.1 Schema; , AUTODYN.
, -
. -
. - Outline Pane, *. -
-. Outline Pane
Outline Filter, . -
, .
. (Location) -
( ). , , .
,
, , ( ).
« » ( Favorites) , -. -
147
,
Add To Favorites). Favorites - ( . . 4.3).
4.3.
Outline Pane. -:
; ; ; (Suppress); ; ;
. ,
. -. -
: , , ;
, , -.
(Suppression) -.
, , . , -
. (Add)
, -, . -
148
, Favorites.
( ). , ( ). -
– - Engineering Data.
, , -, -
. -, Outline Filters
– « » (Favorites). Source
. , , . -
-:
; ; -
. , -
, ( View Linked Source), ( Refresh From Linked Source)
( Break Link To Source). (Description) -
, . , .
, , .
, , Outline Filter ,
Outline Pane
149
« » ( Add to Favorites). Outline Filter , Favorites,
, , - Default Solid Material ( -
), Default Fluid/Field Material (
). - (Structural Steel),
– (Air). ,
. -, (
) , -.
-, . -
.
, Toolbox Properties.
,
. ( Value)
( Unit) Properties Pane. -
. , -.
, , -,
Tabular. , - Table Pane. -
,
150
. -, *. -
, -. -
, . -, .
: ; ;
, , -;
, -, .
- Display Validation Failure
( . 4.10).
.
. Suppression, . -
. .
Parametrize .
. -, -
. Parameters
. . 135). - Parametrize, -
.
151
. 4.10
.
-.
. -:
= * + .
1,0 0,0 -
. . 4.2 , -
.
.
152
4.2
1. Engineering Data
Edit….
1. Outline Filter Pane.
2. Edit Library .
3. File Import Engineering Data…. 4. .
1. .
2. .
1. .
2. File Export Engineering Data…. 3. ,
.
1. .
2. - Outline Pane.
3. File Export Engineering Data…. 4. ,
.
1. -, .
2. Edit Library
. 3. . 4. -
, -
. 5. -
. 6. Save ( )
.
153
. 4.3 , -.
: ; Outline Filter Pane; ,
. 4.3
1. Outline Pane , Click here to add a
new material. 2. -
Enter.
-
1. , .
2. , Toolbox.
1. , -, .
2. Properties Pane. 3. ,
Delete.
1. , .
2. Properties Pane. 3. : – , ,
; – , , -
- Table Pane.
1. , .
2. - Parametrize. , ,
.
-
1. , .
2. Suppression.
154
.4.3
1. , .
2. Add to Favorites.
3. Favorites Outline Filter. 4. ,
, - Default Solid Material ( -
), Default Fluid/Field Material ( -
) .
, - Toolbox.
), , . , -
, ANSYS. , ,
, . ( Suppression)
-. ,
(Bilinear Isotropic Hardening) - (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) -
. -, , -
, . -. 4.4.
, , x, y, z,
( ) ). -
. -
155
. - – ,
x, y, z (2D- x, y).
4.4
– (Isotropic Elasticity); – (Orthotropic Elasticity); – (Mooney-Rivlin); – (Neo-Hookean); – (Polynomial); – (Yeoh); – (Ogden) – (Bilinear Isotropic Hardening); – (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening); – (Bilinear Kinematic Hardening); – (Multilinear Kinematic Hardening) – (Thermal Conductivity Isotropic); – (Thermal Conductivity Orthotropic) – (Isotropic Resistivity); – (Orthotropic Resistivity)
, ( f(T) ),
. -. -
, -
, .
-. ANSYS , -
. :
156
( – ); ( – ); ( – ); .
-:
(Mooney-Rivlin); (Neo-Hookean); (Polynomial); (Yeoh); (Ogden).
, ---
. CAD- -
. .
(Material Properties) Properties Pane. , CAD-
, . - CAD-
MatML 3.1, . -
, . - CAD- .
, .
(Material Properties) , CAD-, -.
157
4.4.
– -. -
-, ,
( . 4.11).
, -
. -
-.
. -
, ( ) ,
, -
. , -
. , -
: . (149)
-
: 1 , ln 1 , (150)
.
. 4.11
158
, -:
( );
-.
– » ( . . 4.11). -
. -, -
.
, :
– ; – .
, -,
-. -
( -) :
2 2 21 2 2 3 3 1
12e , (151)
1 2 3, , .
.
321 . , , . ,
( 321 ), .
159
( . 4.12) -.
-. , -
. -
.
. 4.12
ANSYS , :
.
( . 4.13); .
( . 4.14).
. 4.13 . 4.14
“ e -
160
, ,
. « – » . 4.15.
. 4.15
-, -
. , -
-. -
, -. , y2 ,
. . 4.15). . - . --
( . 4.16). . 4.16
161
, --
( . 4.17).
. 4.17
ANSYS « – -»: ( . 4.18). -
, , . -
. -
. .
. 4.18
162
4.4.1.
.
. . -
, . Toolbox Plasticity -
. , . 4.19 --
. - Include
Property, Bilinear
Isotropic Hardening Properties Pane.
-
(Yield Strength) (Tangent Modulus) . 4.20). -
(Chart) - ( . 4.21).
. 4.20
. 4.19
163
. 4.21
, - (Multilinear
Isotropic Hardening) (Multi-linear Kinematic Hardening) ( . 4.22).
. 4.22
164
-, ( . 4.23).
. 4.23
4.5.
, -, -
( . 4.24). --
: ; ; ( ); ;
165
; .
-. -
( , - E1 ). -
, . -, -
-.
. 4.5 . -
, 0,5. , -. -
( 5,0 ) :
; ; .
. 4.24
166
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
-0,5 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5
4.5
1 2
. -
« – » . 4.25. , , . ,
(Mullin). ( -) (
) -.
. 4.25
167
. Toolbox Experimental Stress Strain
Data, , -.
, , Uniaxial Test Data – ,
Include Property, ( . 4.26). , -
.
. 4.26
: ,
Ctrl + C, ; Table of
Properties, Ctrl + V. -
( A) ( B). – »
( . 4.27). -
Toolbox, - ( . 4.28).
168
.
, - ( . 4.29).
. 4.27
. 4.28
169
Curve Fitting Solve Curve Fit. -
,
. - Chart
Pane « – » ( . 4.30).
. 4.30
Error Norm for Fit ( . 4.31) .
. 4.29
170
(Normalized Error) , (Absolute Error)
. , -. ,
, .
. 4.31
1. ANSYS Workbench, - Static Structural. .
: Outline Filter Outline Pane? ? Table Chart?
2. «NewMat1». ( ).
3. «NewMat1», -. .
4. Aluminium Alloy General Materials .
. 5. Aluminium Alloy ,
. 6. ? 7. -
? 8. ANSYS? -
? 9. Curve Fitting -
?
171
5.
-.
Mechanical. , -
.
5.1.
--
. :
. - ( review) ,
; .
.
:
1. ( , .), . 5.1. -
, , - FLUENT, CFX .
2. - ( , , .).
. 3. , ,
. . -
.
172
4. . -.
5. 2 3.
-
-.
-
. (Surface
bodies) -. (Line
bodies) (Beam). -
. DesignModeler -
– , -
(Multibody Part). -. , , -
. DesignModeler ,
. -.
. ANSYS Workbench
. 5.1
173
. -
. --
. , -. -
.
. 5.2 . (Mesh) -
. Mesh , -
. ,
Mesh.
. 5.2
174
- Preview Surface Mesh
Mesh ( . 5.3). - Mesh . 5.4).
-. 5.4.
. 5.3 . 5.4
5.2.
Defaults (Details of Mesh) ( . 5.5):
, - (Physics Preference);
(Relevance).
. , (Structural) – , .
175
. 5.5
, , .
- (Relevance),
100 +100 ( . 5.6). , -
.
Preview Surface Mesh.
. 5.7.
Relevance -100
426 212
Relevance 0 986
492
Relevance 100 2766
1382 . 5.7
Statistics -. . 5.6
.
. 5.6
176
.
, ( , .) -
. , .
.
. (Relevance) -
(Relevance Center) (Sizing).
. 5.8, . 5.9.
. 5.8
. 5.9
177
(Element Size) - ( . 5.10). -
, .
(Use Advanced Size Function): ,
(Relevance) (Initial Size Seed). .
. 5.10
(Initial Size Seed) -,
. (Smoothing) -
(Use Advanced Size Function). -
. . -
( . 5.11).
178
(Transition) ( . 5.12). Tran-
sition - (Use Advanced Size Function).
Fast.
Span Angle Center ( ) -.
, -. : Coarse ( ) – 91 60 ; Medium ) – 75 24 ; Fine ( ) – 36 12 .
Span Angle Center . 5.13 5.14.
. 5.11 . 5.12
. 5.13
179
. 5.14
ANSYS Workbench -:
1. (Use Advanced Size Function) .
2. :
2.1. (Element Size) . -
( , ). Ele-
ment Size ( . 5.15). 2.2. (Proximity and Curvature) -
( . . 5.16).
100 +100. (Element Size) (Default), Proximity and Curvature
, Relevance ( ) . (Proximity) -
. 2.3. (Shape Checking)
( . 5.17). - (Standard Mechanical), -
- (Aggressive Mechanical).
180
2.4. (Initial Size Seed) ,
( . 5.18).
. 5.15 . 5.16
. 5.17 . 5.18
181
5.3. MESH CONTROL
Mesh Control ,
.
5.3.1.
Method Mesh Control ( . 5.19, ) -
, Scope ) Geometry
Apply. --
( . 5.19, ): Automatic ( ) – -
, , ;
Tetrahedrons ) – -;
Hex Dominant ) – , , , ,
; Sweep ) – .
. 5.1.
. 5.19
182
5.1
1 – Method
Mesh Control
2 –
Method
3 –
4 – Geometry
5 –
6 – Method
Tetrahedrons
183
. 5.1
7 –
Patch Conforming Method
8 –
, Update,
Generate Mesh
9 –
Mesh
10 –
Hex Dominant.
-, .
.
184
. , --
. , .
: 1. . 2. Design Modeler
, . 3.
. -
. , .
. 5.2.
5.2
1 – Method
Mesh Control
2 –
Method
3 –
4 – Geometry
185
. 5.2
5 –
6 – Method
Hex Dominant
7 – Hex
Dominant Method
8 –
, Update,
Generate Mesh
9 –
Mesh
10 –
186
, , -. 5.20. ,
, , -, ,
Tetrahedrons.
(Sweep Method) -.
. ,
, .
. - ( -
), . -
. 5.3.
,
. 5.20
187
5.3
1 – Method
Mesh Control
2 –
Method
3 –
4 – Geometry
5 –
6 – Method
Sweep
188
. 5.3
7 –
Sweep Method
8 –
, Update,
Generate Mesh
9 –
Mesh
10 – -
189
5.3.2.
Workbench . Sizing ( ) Mesh
Control , -. Type :
Element Size ( ) ;
Number of Divisions ( ) -;
Sphere of Influence ( ) ,
. Sizing -
, -, .
, . 5.4. ,
. 5.4
(sphere of influence)
Bodies Faces Edges Vertices
. 5.5.
190
5.5
1 – Sizing
2 – Sizing
3 –
4 – -, -
5 –
6 – Vertex Sizing
191
. 5.5
7 – Sphere Radius -
, -;
Element Size
8 –
,
9 –
Generate Mesh - Update
10 –
Mesh
10 – , ,
192
. 5.6.
5.6
1 – Sizing -
Mesh Control 2 – Sizing
3 –
4 –
,
5 –
6 –
Face Sizing
193
. 5.6
7 –
8 – Type -
Sphere of Influence, Sphere
Center, Sphere Radius Element Size
9 –
- (Global Coordinate System)
(Coordinate System)
10 – Sphere Radius
, Element Size
11 – -
12 –
, Update,
Generate Mesh
194
. 5.6
13 – -
Vertex Sizing Mesh , -
,
14 – Mesh
15 – , ,
16 –
195
, , , -
-.
5.3.3.
Contact Sizing ( ) Mesh Control ,
-.
. Element Size
Relevance Type - ( . 5.21).
5.3.4. REFINEMENT
Refinement ( ) Mesh Control ,
, .
. -,
. 5.21
196
, -. Refinement, 1,
. , , . , -
Refinement , . Refine-
ment, -.
Refinement -
. 5.7.
5.7
1 – Refinement
2 –
Refinement, ,
3 – Refinement
4 –
197
. 5.7
5 –
,
6 – .
Refinement, 1,
7 –
8 –
Refinement
Update
9 –
Mesh
10 –
Refinement =1. -
198
Sizing Refinement . 5.22) . - Sizing
-, -
-.
Refinement -
. -, -
-
. Sizing Refinement -
. Sizing , Refinement .
5.3.5.
(Mapped Face Meshing) .
. - (quadrilateral) (trian-
gular) , -, -
. , , -
. (Mapped Face Meshing)
. 5.8.
. 5.22
199
5.8
1 – Mapped Face Meshing
2 –
Mapped Face Meshing, -, -
3 –
Mapped Face Meshing
4 –
,
5 –
6 –
200
. 5.8
7 – -
Refinement
Update
8 –
Mapped Face Meshing , ,
9 – (Mapped Face Meshing)
,
201
5.3.6.
Match Control -
. 5.23)
---
( . 5.24). --
.
--
: Match Control -
Mesh; -
; . Z -
.
. 5.24
. 5.23
202
5.4.
,
. New
Section Plane ( ), . (Section Plane)
. . :
; ; .
. 5.9.
5.9
1 – New Section Plane
2 –
203
. 5.9
3 –
4 – ,
5 –
6 –
7 –
8 – -
« »
204
5.5.
, .
, - Problematic Geometry ( ), -
. :
-, -
; -
CAD, -;
( Ag-gressive).
: -
( Sizing); ,
; CAD-
, ;
, .
5.6.
(Virtual Topology) -.
, - Model. ,
205
, -, (Model)
. 5.25). (Virtual Cell) -
. .
, . -
. -. -
, , - ( ).
.
. 5.25
Virtual Cell ), -
. -, -
. --
. , -, -
. Model , , .
- Virtual Topology, -
( . 5.25). - ( . 5.26, )
206
( . 5.26, ). ,
- ( . 5.27, ). Virtual Face ( -
) ( . 5.27, ), Geometry ) . ,
. -. -
.
. 5.26
. 5.27
. 5.28, -
. - – .
.
-
207
. --
( . 5.28, ).
. 5.28
, -, -
- ( .).
, -. -
-.
. . -
: :
;
; ; ,
.
208
5.7. MECHANICAL ANSYS
- ANSYS.
Part Relevance SMRTSIZE .
Sizing (Element Size – Number of Element Divisions – ) LESIZE ASIZE. -
Sphere of Influence ANSYS . Contact Sizing ANSYS,
AESIZE , . Refinement KREFINE, LREFINE,
AREFINE. Element Size ESIZE.
Proximity and Curvature SMRTSIZE. .
.
Shape Checking ( ) - SHPP, LSTET,ON. -
(SHPP, LSTET,ON) (Standard), . -
(SHPP, LSTET,OFF) (Aggressive), . -
, -
. ANSYS (SHPP, OFF), ANSYS
. Mapped Face Meshing ( ) -
MSHKEY,1 - MSHAPE.
209
Element Shape ( ) VMESH ( ) VSWEEP.
Part Proximity ( ) SMRTSIZE.
(Hex-dominant) - ANSYS. , , SOL-
ID45, . ANSYS
(hex-to-tet) , -,
, . ANSYS -
Workbench.
1. -?
2. . 3. . 4. ,
, ? 5. Ansys Workbench
? 6. -
. -:
, , , -, , ?
?
? Defaults ? ? Statistics -
?
210
7. . . -
Relevance Relevance Center. -,
. 8. -
Sizing ? 9. . -
. 10. ? 11. -
Extrude. - (Sweep Method).
12. . -. -
. 13. -
Extrude. . -
Refinement Refinement, 2. .
14. ?
? 15. Match Control -
? 16. New Section Plane -
? 17. , -
. . -, -
. 18. -
. 19. Virtual Topology ? 20. (Virtual Cell)?
211
6. .
--
( , .) .
. « » « » ,
, . « -» Workbench : , -
, ; »
( ) ( ) .
Work-bench , . 6.1.
: .
-.
; (Outline). -
; (Details of “…”). -
.
( , Mesh Details of “Mesh”);
(Geometry). -, ; (Graph).
-;
212
(Tabular Data). -,
.
. 6.1
-, ,
, -, , -
. . -
,
. , -.
. 6.2.
213
.
-.
Definition Suppressed - ( Yes).
6.1.
Environment . 6.3), . -
Static Structural . Environment -
, : Inertial – , -
; Loads – – , -
;
. 6.2
214
Supports – , , ;
. 6.3
Environment -
Static Structural. --
. - (Global Coordinate System)
-. -
-
Coordinate Systems. -
, ( . 6.4).
-,
Coordinate Systems -
( . 6.5). --
– - Coordinate Systems,
Insert Coordinate System.
. 6.4
. 6.5
215
, - Coordinate Sys-
tems , Rename .
- ( . 6.6), -
. Define By):
Geometry Selection -, Geometry;
Global Coordinates -;
(Origin) . ---
, -, , -
, , -
Geometry, , Apply.
-
Principal Axis Orientation About Principal Axis -
.
Axis, Define By -,
.
. 6.6
216
-
. 6.7). -.
, - ( . 6.8).
. 6.7 .
Geometry, -
: , -, , ,
. -) ) ,
, Apply. : -
Geometry, – - Apply.
-:
(Constant); (Tabular); (Function).
. -
- ( . 6.9). ,
Import… Export…, - -
.
. 6.7 . 6.8
217
. 6.9
- Magnitude Tabular Data.
. Number of Steps Analysis Settings,
. 6.10 6.11). Tabular Data, -
( . . 6.12).
: ; ; ; .
. 6.10 . 6.11
218
Graph -
. 6.13).
-.
. 6.13
6.1.1.
, - Workbench, :
Acceleration – ; Standard Earth Gravity – ; Rotational Velocity – .
. 6.14 Inertial,
. -
. -, -
.
. 6.12
. 6.14
219
(Acceleration) ( Define By):
(Vector). Magnitude) ( Direction). -
( . . 6.7);
(Components) x, y z. -
. mks – 2.
(Global Coordinate System)
Coordinate System). (
) ( . 6.15).
. 6.15
(Standard Earth Gravity) Workbench -
, . 9,80665 2.
-. -
, Direction -
220
. . 6.16, 6.16, - z -
My Coordinate System.
. 6.16
Rotational Velocity -.
, -.
, -.
(Define By Vector), ( Axis).
: , -
; ,
. Magnitude ( ).
- (Define By Components)
.
221
Rotational Velocity -
, - ( . 6.17).
. 6.17
. 6.18 - x, y z -
.
. 6.18
6.1.2.
Workbench Loads Environment ( . 6.19). -
: Pressure – ; Hydrostatic Pressure – ;
222
Force – ; Remote Force – ; Bearing Load – ; Bolt Pretension – ; Moment – ; Generalized Plane Strain – ; Line Pressure – ; Thermal Condition – ; Joint Load – ; Fluid Solid Interface – ( )
. Pressure
. -
( . 6.20). --
( . 6.21). ,
Geometry), ( Magnitude)
Define By).
(Define By Vector), -
(Define By Components) - (Define By Normal To).
. 6.20 . 6.21
. 6.19
223
Magnitude , – . -
mks – . -
, -.
( . 6.22).
. 6.22
– Constant, – Tabular,
– Function. Magnitude
) .
Hydrostatic Pressure -. -
( . 6.23). (
Fluid Density). –
(Vector) (Components) ( . 6.23). (Magnitude) (Direction)
Hydrostatic Acceleration. ,
224
9,8 2, .
( Coordinate Sys-tem) ( ).
-. 6.24,
. . 6.25 . -
, -,
.
. 6.23 . 6.24
Force . .
, . Geometry. (Define
By Vector) - (Define By Components).
225
. 6.25
( Magnitude).
, ( . . 6.1). .
, -. -
, .
. -.
mks – . . 6.26-6.28 -
, .
226
. 6.26
. 6.27
. 6.28
227
, , -
, Remote Force ( . 6.30).
, -
. -
( X
Coordinate, Y Coordinate, Z Coordi-nate) -
. (Define By Vector)
(Define By Components).
, ( . . 6.1).
mks – . . 6.30 -
. -.
, – .
. 6.30
. 6.29
228
-
Bearing Load.
( . 6.31). -
. -
. , .
-
. --
. 6.32. -
mks – .
. 6.33.
. 6.33
. 6.31
. 6.32
229
Bolt Pretension ( ) -
. -.
. z, -
. . Bolt Pretension
. Workbench -
: ( ) ) . -
( Define By): Load –
Preload) ( . 6.34); Adjustment –
Preadjustment) . 6.35).
, , . -
. 6.36.
Bolt Pretension -,
2 . -,
. 6.34 . 6.35
230
. - – – -
. - (Lock).
. 6.36
Moment , , . -
Details of “Moment”. Geometry .
(Define By Vector) (Define By Components).
-.
(Magnitude) -, . -
mks – . ,
. ,
. -. 6.37.
231
-
, -
.
. 6.38), ( . 6.39) ( . 6.40).
. 6.38
. 6.39
. 6.37
232
. 6.40
Line Pressure -. Geometry ,
. - ( Define By): (Components), -
(Vector) (Tangential). . -
Line Pressure . 6.41. --.
mks – . -
, -,
. 6.42. , , ,
, . -
.
. 6.41
233
. 6.42
Thermal Condition . , - Geometry ,
. . Mag-
nitude 22 . , , . 6.43.
. 6.43
234
6.2.
( ) – .
-.
Workbench - Supports -
Environment ( . 6.44) :
Fixed Support – ; Displacement – ; Remote Displacement –
; Velocity – ; Impedance Boundary – -
; Frictionless Support –
; Compression Only Support – ; Cylindrical Support – ; Simply Supported – ; Fixed Rotation – ; Elastic Support – ; Coupling – ; Constraint Equation – , .
(Fixed Support) -, , .
, Fixed Support ,
Details of “Fixed Support” Apply Geometry.
. 6.44
235
, ( . 6.45).
. 6.45
, , - Displacement.
Geometry. ( Define By):
x, y, z (Components);
(Normal To). « »
-.
«0» -
. --
Free ). , , -
, -, -
. 6.46
236
, . - mks – .
-. . 6.47
. . 6.48 -.
. 6.47
. 6.48
- Remote Displacement. Details of “Remote Dis-
placement” . 6.49) ,
. - ( X Coordinate, Y Coordinate, Z Coordinate).
mks – , - – .
237
. 6.50 , -
.
,
– . --
, -
.
. 6.50
Frictionless Support .
.
« » ( -).
Geometry Apply.
. 6.49
238
-. 6.51. -
.
. 6.51
Compression Only Support -.
Geometry. -. -
, , . -
. -
, . , , -
. Compression Only Support -
. -, , ,
. -
. 6.52. .
239
. 6.52
Cylindrical Constraint -
.
(Axial), (Radial) - (Tangential)
. 6.53).
: Free – - Fixed
- ( ).
, - (Radial, Axial Tangential) . -
Cylindrical Constraint . 6.54.
. 6.54
. 6.53
240
Simply Supported .
-, . -
-, Apply Geometry.
-. -
Simply Supported . 6.55.
. 6.55
Fixed Rotation ,
. Fixed Rotation
, . -
, Apply Geometry.
( . 6.56).
241
Rota-tion X, Rotation Y, Rotation Z: Fixed – , Free –
. - Fixed. -
, – (Global Coordinate System) .
-.
. 6.57.
. 6.56 . 6.57
6.3.
. ,
. (Static Structural) -
:
1. Step Controls ( ): Number Of Steps – ; Current Step Number – ; Step End Time – ; Auto Time Stepping – .
242
2. Solver Controls ( ): Solver Type – ; Weak Springs – ; Large Deflection – ; Inertia Relief – .
3. Nonlinear Controls ( ): Force Convergence – ; Moment Convergence – ; Displacement Convergence – -
; Rotation Convergence – -
( ); Line Search –
. 4. Output Controls ( ):
Calculate Stress – ; Calculate Strain – ; Calculate Contact – ; Calculate Results At – .
5. Analysis Data Management ( ): Solver Files Directory – ; Future Analysis – ; Scratch Solver Files Directory – ; Save ANSYS db – -
ANSYS; Delete Unneeded Files – ; Nonlinear Solution – ; Solver Units – ; Solver Unit System – , -
.
6. Visibility ( ).
243
6.3.1.
Step Controls ( . 6.58)
: -
. -
, .
, , -
, . ,
. -.
. , , -
, .
Number Of Steps.
Tabular Data ( . . 6.11) -
. Current Step Number
. Step End Time .
. .
Auto Time Stepping .
. 6.58
244
-.
(Program Controlled), (On) (Off) .
“On”
Define By): (Substeps) (Time).
, - (Initial Substeps), (Mini-
mum Substeps) (Maximum Substeps) - ( . 6.59). -
(Initial Time Step), - (Minimum Time Step) (Maximum Time
Step) ( . 6.60).
. 6.59 . 6.60
“Off” ( Define By): -
(Number of Substeps) (Time Step).
245
6.3.2.
Solver Controls -
( . 6.61). Solver Type
. Workbench :
(Direct Solver) - (Iterative Solver). -
- (Program Controlled).
-, . -
.
Weak Springs -.
, .
. COMBIN14.
(Program Controlled). -
. --
Messages. (“On”) (“Off”) -
. “On”, Solver Controls – Springs Stiffness,
. 6.61
246
-:
Program Controlled – -; Factor – , -
( - Stiffness Factor) ( . 6.62); Manual – -
( Springs Stiffness Value) ( . 6.63).
. 6.62 . 6.63
Large Deflection -, -
. -. , “On”.
Large Deflection , ,
. Inertia Relief
. (“Off”). (“On”) , -
. . , -
.
247
6.3.3.
Nonlinear Controls -
, , -
( . 6.64).
--
. , , . ,
, : Force Convergence – ; Moment Convergence – ; Displacement Convergence – ; Rotation Convergence – .
:
Program Controlled – -;
On – ; Remove – -
.
“On” : Value – , -
. (ANSYS Calculated) , .
-;
. 6.64
248
Toleran e – , , -
. ; Minimum Reference – .
, .
Value Minimum Reference . , -
, . 6.65.
. 6.65
Line Search -
. : (
); ;
.
249
6.3.4.
Output Controls -
( . 6.66): Calculate Stress; Calculate Strain; Calculate Contact; Calculate Results At.
:
(Stress), (Strain), (Con-tact). (Calculate Results At)
, -:
All Time Points – ; Last Time Point – ; Equally Spaced Time Point – -
.
(Number Of Time Points). , - ANSYS -
, , 1000.
6.3.5.
Analysis Data Management ( . 6.67).
, , Solver Files Directory.
.
. 6.66
250
Future Analysis -,
- ( -
) . : None
Prestressed analysis.
Scratch Solver Files Directory, -, -
, -
. , -.
Save ANSYS db ANSYS. ,
Mechanical APDL (ANSYS ).
Delete Unneeded Files - Workbench .
“Yes”, . .
, .,
. -,
Nonlinear Solution. , ,
. Solver Units -
: Active System – Manual – .
( )
. 6.67
251
, Unit . -
( . 6.68). (Solver Unit System) . Manual -
Solver Unit System . Workbench
. 6.1.
. 6.68
6.1
1 Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) mks
2 Metric (cm, g, dyne, s, V, A) cgs
3 Metric (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA) nmm
4 Metric (mm, t, N, s, mV, mA) nmm
5 Metric (mm, dat, N, s, mV, mA) nmm
6 Metric ( m, kg, N, s, V, mA) mks
7 U.S. Customary (ft, lbm, lbf, ºF, s, V, A) Bft
8 U.S. Customary (in, lbm, lbf, ºF, s, V, A) Bin
252
6.3.6.
Visibility -. -
( . 6.69).
- ( . 6.70).
-
Display Omit.
. 6.70
1. . . :
Graph Tabular Data? Graph
Tabular Data? Environment? Details of"../? , -
Workbench. , Loads -
Environment. Supports - Environment?
2. , -. .
. 6.69
253
3. Number of Steps Analysis Settings. -
Tabular Data? 4. (Acceleration).
: , -
? ? ? (Components)
? 5. (Standard Earth
Gravity). ( ) .
6. Rotational Ve-locity. ?
7. . 10 .
8. Magnitude? 9. .
? 10. , .
: ? -
?
, ? 11. Remote Force. -
, 4 , . 12. , ,
Moment. 13. Fixed Support . 14. Displacement
-5 X. : ? «0» ? «Free» ?
254
15. Frictionless Support, . :
?
? ?
16. , (Compression Only Support). :
? Compression Only Support?
17. . - (Cylindrical Constraint) , -
. : «Free» «Fixed»? ?
18. ( ) . Simply Supported .
: ? ?
19. X (Fixed Rotation). :
? -
? ?
20. Analysis Settings . :
- (Step Controls)?
{Solver Controls)?
- ( Nonlinear Controls)?
- (Analysis Data Management)?
21. ? 22. Weak Springs? 23. Delete Unneeded Files?
255
ANSYS Workbench .
A Acceleration – Active assembly – Active system – Add – ; Add frozen – Add material – Adjustment – Advanced – , Alignment – All time points – Always – Analysis data management – Analysis settings – Angle – Animate – ; Apply – Arbitrary – , Arc – Auto constraints – Auto time stepping – Axial – Axis – , Axis of rotation – B
Base object – Bearing load –
256
Behavior – Bend – , Body centroids – Body operation – Bolt pretension – Boolean – Both asymmetric – Both symmetric – Boundary – Box – C
Calculate contact – Calculate results at – Calculate strain – Calculate stress – Cancel – ; Chamfer – Children – Circle – Circular – Clear selection – Coarse – Coincident – Collapse features – Components – Compression only support – Concentric – Concept – , Cone – Constant – Constrain –
257
Constraint equation – , Constraints –
Construction point – Construction point at inter-section –
Contact region – ( ) Contact sizing – -
Coordinate systems – Copies – Copy – Corner – Coupling – Create – Cross section – Current step number – Cursors – Curve – Cut – ; Cut material – Cycles – Cyclic – Cylinder – Cylindrical support – D
Defaults – Define by – ( ) … Defined – Definition – , Deformable –
258
Delete – Delete unneeded files – Depth – Details – , Details of “…” – Diameter – Dimensions –
Direct solver – Direction – Direction – Direction vector – Displacement – Displacement convergence – Display names –
Display values –
Distance – , Divisions – Drag – Draw – Dropped – Duplicate – E
Edge delete – Edit – Elastic support – Element midside nodes – Element size – Elements –
259
Ellipse – Environment – Equal distance – Equal length – Equal radius – Equally spaced time point – Evenly spaced – Expand – , Export – Extend – Extend type – Extrude – F
Face delete – Factor – , Fast – Fill – Fillet – Fine – Fixed – , , -
, Fixed rotation – Fixed support – Fluid density – Fluid solid interface – ( )
Force – Force convergence – Free – Freeze – , Frictionless support –
260
Full assembly – Full circle – Function – Future analysis – G
General – Generalized plane strain – Generate mesh – ( ) -
Geometry – , Geometry selection – Global coordinate system – Graph – ,
Graphics annotation – Grid – H
Healing – » Hide sketch – High – Horizontal – Hydrostatic pressure – I
Ignore axis – Impedance boundary – Import – , Imprint faces – ,
Inertia relief –
261
Inertial – Initial size seed – Initial substeps – Initial time step – Integrated – Intersect – Inward thickness – ,
Iterative solver –
J
Joint load – K
Kept – L
Large deflection – Last time point – Length – Length/distance – , Line – Line body – Line by 2 tangents – , Line from points – Line pressure – Line search – -
Loads – –
, Look at – Loose – Low –
262
M Magnitude – Major grid spacing – Manual – ; Mapped face meshing –
Master geometry – Match control – -
Maximum substeps – Maximum time step – Medium – Mesh – Mesh control – Message – Method – , Midpoint – Mid-surface – -
Minimum edge length – Minimum reference – Minimum substeps – Minimum time step – Minor-steps per major – Mirror – Model – Modeling – Modify – Moment – Moment convergence – Move – ,
263
N Named selection – New section plane – No selection – Nodes – Nonlinear controls – Nonlinear solution – Normal to – … Number of steps – Number of time points – O
Off – Offset – On – Operation – Orientation about principal axis –
Origin – Output controls – Outward thickness – ,
Oval – P
Parallel – Parallelepiped – Parents – ( ) Part – , Paste – Paste handle – Path –
264
Pattern – Perpendicular – Please define – , Point – Polygon – Polyline – Preadjustment – Preload – Preserve – Pressure – Preview – Preview surface mesh –
Primitives – , Principal axis – Print preview – Prism – Profile – Program controlled – Project – Pyramid – Q
Quadrilaterals – , R
Radial – Radius – Ratio – , Rectangle – Rectangle by 3 points – Rectangular –
265
Redo – Reference only – Refinement – , Refresh – , Relevance – , Remote displacement – Remote force – Remove – , Rename – Replicate – Report – , Reset – , Reversed – Revolve – Rigid – , Rotate – Rotation – Rotation convergence –
( ) Rotational velocity – Ruler – S
Save ANSYS db – ANSYS
Scale – , Scaling factor – Scope – ( ) Scoping method – ,
Scratch solver files directory –
266
Section – Select multiple – Select new symmetry axis – Selection – Semi-automatic – Setting – , Sew – , Shape – Shape checking – Show dependencies – ( )
Simplify – Simply supported – Sizing – Sketch instance – Sketching toolboxes – Skin/loft – Slave geometry – Slice – Slice by faces – Slice by plane – Slice by surface – Slice off edges Slow – Smoothing – , Snaps per minor – Solid – , Solids – Solver controls – Solver files directory – Solver type – Solver unit system – , -
267
Solver units –
Span – , Sphere – Spline – , Spline edit sphere – Split – Split at select – ,
Split edge into n equal seg-ments –
n
Split edges – Split edges at all points –
Split edges at point – , -
Springs stiffness – Springs stiffness factor – Standard earth gravity – Static structural – Statistics – Step control – Step end time – Substeps – Subtract – Supports – ,
Suppressed – , Surface body – , Sweep – Symmetry –
268
T Tabular – Tabular data – Tangent – Tangent line – , Tangential – Thermal condition – Thickness – Through all – Time – Time step – Timestamp – Tolerance – Torus – Transformation – Transition – , Translate – Tree outline – Triad – Triangles – Trim – Trim 1st – Trim both – Trim none – Type –
U
Undo – ,
Unite – Update – Use advanced size function –
269
Use global setting – ( ) -
User define – V
Value – Vector – Velocity – Vertical – ,
Y) View advanced options – Visibility – W
Weak springs – Wizard –
A, mA – , kg, g, t, dat – , , , m, cm, mm, m – , , , N, dyne, N – , , s – V, mV – ,
270
1. ., . - / . . – .: , 1982. – 448 .
2. . : . – .: . ., 2005. – 840 .
3. . . / . . – .: , 1984. – 428 .
4. . : . – . « ». – .: , 1970. – 6. – . 90-103.
5. . / . . – .: , 1975. – 541 .
6. , . / . . – .: , 1981. – 304 .
7. ., ., . : .
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