b lood chapter 12. f unctions transport heat distribution fluid regulation
TRANSCRIPT
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BLOODChapter 12
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FUNCTIONS
Transport Heat Distribution Fluid Regulation
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COMPONENTS
Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets (cell fragments) Plasma (fluid)
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BLOOD VOLUME AND COMPOSITION
45% Red Blood Cells (Hematocrit) 55% Plasma <1% White Blood Cells/Platelets Avg. adult has 5L of blood
Fun fact: Men have more blood than women
Centrifuged Blood Sample
Plasma
“Buffy coat” (white blood cells and platelets)
Red blood cells
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RED BLOOD CELLS
AKA Erythrocytes Biconcave discs No nucleus Carry hemoglobin
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HEMOGLOBIN
Carries oxygen When carrying oxygen, appears bright red No oxygen, appears darker (bluish)
Iron needed to make hemoglobin Low iron or RBC’s-anemia Lowers oxygen carrying ability
Low energy Sickle Cell
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RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION/DESTRUCTION
Red Bone Marrow
With age, capillary transport damages RBCs
These damaged cells are broken down
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WHITE BLOOD CELLS
AKA leukocytes Body’s defenders against disease Can leave blood and go to tissues Five types
Some of these engulf harmful particles
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WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNTS
High WBC counts can indicate illness
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PLATELETS
Cell fragments Function: blood clotting
Travel to site of bleeding and “plug up” the leak
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PLASMA
Mostly water Functions to transport nutrients and gases,
regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and maintain a favorable pH
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STOPPING BLEEDING
Hemostasis: stoppage of bleeding1. Blood vessel spasm2. Platelet plug3. Blood coagulation (clotting)
Thrombus Embolus
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Endothelial lining Collagen fiber
Break invessel wall
Platelet Red blood cell
Blood escapingthrough break
Platelets adhereto each other,to end of brokenvessel, and toexposed collagen
Platelet plughelps controlblood loss
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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BLOOD TYPES
Blood type is determined by which proteins are present on red blood cells Proteins = Antigens Antigens = A, B, Rh
Blood Types A, B, AB, O Can be positive or negative
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TYPE A
Has A antigen (protein) May or may not contain Rh Factor
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TYPE B
Has B antigen (protein) May or may not contain Rh factor
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TYPE AB
Has A and B antigens May or may not contain Rh factor
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TYPE O
Has neither A or B antigens May or may not contain Rh factor
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ANTIBODIES
A person will make antibodies against any antigens they do not have in their own blood
What is an antibody? Attacks foreign material; released by a type of WBC
A type A person will make antibodies against what antigen?
Type B? Type AB? Type O? What if a person is Rh – or +?
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AGGLUTINATION
If an antibody detects its corresponding antigen, the red blood cells will start to clump
This clumping is called agglutination
Why is this a problem with blood transfusions?
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BLOOD TYPE REVIEW
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UNIVERSAL DONOR AND RECEIVER
Which blood type is the universal donor?
Receiver?
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BLOOD COMPATIBILITY
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Fig12.19
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Rh-negativewoman withRh-positivefetus
Cells fromRh-positivefetus enterwoman’sBloodstream.
In the nextRh-positivepregnancy,maternalantibodiesattack fetal redblood cells
Womanbecomessensitized—antibodies ( )form to fightRh-positiveblood cells
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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RH FACTOR PROBLEM
Rh- mother bears an Rh+ baby No problem with FIRST BABY because the
mother is NOT exposed to the Rh+ blood until birth
If there is exposure, mother will produce antibodies to attack Rh protein
If mother bears other Rh+ children, the anti-Rh antibodies may enter the growing baby’s blood and attack the baby’s RBC
Lack of oxygen due to decreased or damaged RBCs can cause brain damage or death