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Alumni Perspectives Survey 2018

Market Intelligence

B-School Alumni Employment Report



The B-School Alumni Employment Report, Alumni Perspectives Survey 2018 report is a product of the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC), a nonprofit organization of 223 leading graduate business schools from around the world actively committed to advancing the art and science of admissions. The Council provides the solutions necessary for business schools and candidates to discover and evaluate one another to ensure that talent never goes undiscovered. GMAC owns and administers the Graduate Management Admission Test® (GMAT®) exam, used by more than 7,000 graduate programs worldwide, as well as the NMAT by GMAC™ exam, used for entrance into graduate management programs in India. The Council is based in Reston, VA. with offices in London, New Delhi, and Hong Kong.


Contents

• Introduction

• Executive Summary

• Current Employment Status

• B-School Alumni Entrepreneurs

• B-School Alumni Employees

• Organizational Characteristics

• Industry of Employment

• Job Function

• Job Level

• Job Progression

• Job Activities

• Employment Location

• Compensation: Base Salary

• Industry Highlights

• Products/Services

• Technology

• Finance/Accounting

• Government/Nonprofit

• Manufacturing

• Consulting

• Health Care

• Energy/Utilities


Introduction

10,882 Alumni from 274 Institutions Responded to the

GMAC Alumni Perspectives Survey

During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC) partnered with 51 institutions to facilitate the Alumni Perspectives Survey. In addition, GMAC surveyed past alumni participants, which increased institutional representation to 274. In total, nearly 11,000 alumni responded and provided detailed information about their graduate management education and employment experiences.

Alumni who responded represent various MBA and business master’s program categories, including full-time MBA, professional MBA, executive MBA, quantitative business master’s, and non-quantitative business master’s programs. Full-time MBA programs include two- and one-year programs. Professional MBA programs include part-time, flexible, and online MBA programs. Quantitative business master’s programs include master in accounting, data analytics, and finance programs. Non-quantitative business master’s programs include master’s in management, international management, marketing, and entrepreneurship.

This report—the second in a series of topical reports based on this year’s Alumni Perspectives Survey—presents the findings associated with business school alumni employment, including employment status, entrepreneurship, industry, job functions, and salary. In addition, detailed data is shown for eight industries, including products/services, technology, finance/accounting, and consulting.

Explore with Interactive and Benchmark Reports

An Interactive Data Report and Benchmark Report tool accompany the 2018 Alumni Perspectives Survey, available exclusively to institutions that participated in the survey. The Interactive Data Report is an online tool that lets users customize data searches by multiple survey response variables such as overall value, career preparation, employment characteristics, and more. The Benchmark Report tool allows schools to benchmark their program’s responses against aggregated response from their peers.

Business School Participation in GMAC Research

The Graduate Management Admission Council offers graduate business schools opportunities to gather data and generate insights about the business school pipeline.

Schools can sign-up to participate in the GMAC Application Trends Survey, Corporate Recruiters Survey, and Alumni Perspectives Survey at http://www.gmac.com/surveysignup.

4

http://www.gmac.com/surveysignup


Introduction

Demographic Profile of B-School Alumni

Program Type RespondentsGender Median

Age At Graduation

Median Years Since Graduation

School Location

Male Female U.S. Non-U.S.

Overall 10,882 74% 26% 30 6 74% 26%

Pro

gra

m C

ate

go

ries Full-time MBA 5,897 77% 23% 29 8 71% 29%

Professional MBA 2,318 71% 29% 32 6 88% 12%

Executive MBA 1,102 82% 18% 37 6 75% 25%

Quantitative Master’s 429 62% 38% 25 4 79% 21%

Non-Quantitative Master’s 911 54% 46% 26 3 49% 51%

Sp

ecif

ic P

rog

ram

Ty

pes

Full-time two-year program (FT2MBA)

4,195 78% 22% 29 9 91% 9%

Full-time one-year MBA (FT1MBA)

1,664 75% 25% 30 5 22% 78%

Part-time lockstep MBA (PT Cohort)

1,016 74% 26% 32 5 80% 20%

Part-time self-paced MBA (PT Self-Paced)

967 70% 30% 32 7 95% 5%

Master of Accounting (MAcc)

223 53% 47% 24 6 100% 0%

Master in Finance (MFin) 153 71% 29% 26 3 44% 56%

Master in Management/ Global Management (MiM)

521 56% 44% 25 3 40% 60%

5


Executive Summary

B-School Alumni Find Career Success Across a Range of

Industries and Job Functions, with Variation by Graduation Year

The vast majority of b-school alumni are employed, whether for a company (79%) or as self-employed entrepreneurs (10%). B-school alumni working for companies tend to work for multinational organizations (61%) and a third (33%) work for companies with more than 25,000 employees. Nearly 1 in 10 alumni work at start-ups (8%).

B-school alumni are employed across a range of industries and job functions. The top industries include products/services (20%), technology (17%), and finance/accounting (15%). The most common job functions include general management (24%), finance/accounting (21%), and marketing/sales (18%). Recent alumni are more likely than earlier alumni to work in the technology and products/services industries. Earlier alumni are more likely to work in the finance/accounting and consulting industries.

The majority of business school alumni feel their graduate management education advanced their careers at a faster rate compared with peers who do not have a graduate management education. Recent alumni tend to be employed in mid-level positions (49%), while those who graduated earlier have climbed into senior, executive, or c-suite positions.

The median base salary among alumni is US$115,000, with variation by job level and location. For instance, the median salary of b-school alumni working at mid-level positions in the US is US$105,000 compared with US$85,000 in Canada, US$75,000 in Europe, and US$55,000 in Asia-Pacific. At the executive level, b-school alumni working in the US earn US$185,000 compared with US$135,000 in Canada, US$145,000 in Europe, and US$130,000 in Asia-Pacific.

One in 10 b-school alumni are entrepreneurs. The rate of entrepreneurship among alumni increases with years removed from graduation. For instance, 5 percent of the class of 2017 are self-employed compared with 17 percent of the class of 2001 and 23 percent of the class of 1991.

Entrepreneurs most often found their own business (85%) rather than purchasing a business (8%) or other means of acquisition. Only 14 percent of alumni entrepreneurs sought venture capital, but the majority of those that did received at least some venture capital (69%). Entrepreneurs are driven by the desire to be their own boss, they see self-employment as the best avenue for their ideas, and they believe entrepreneurship is an opportunity for greater income.

6


Current Employment Status


Current Employment Status

Most Alumni Are Employed for a Company (79%) or as an

Entrepreneur (10%)

79%

10%

5%6%

Overall

Employed Entrepreneur Seeking employment Not in the workforce

Overall, 89 percent of responding b-school alumni are employed, including 79 percent that work for a company and 10 percent that are self-employed entrepreneurs. The unemployment rate* among respondents is 6 percent. Alumni who were domestic students during their studies currently have an unemployment rate of 4 percent compared with an unemployment rate of 11 percent among alumni who were international students during their studies.

85% 80% 81% 79% 77% 74% 78% 86%

11% 11% 9% 10% 14% 13%16% 10%

Dom

est

ic

Inte

rnational

Asi

a-P

aci

fic

Euro

pe

Latin

Am

erica

Afr

ica/

Mid

dle

East

Canada

United

Sta

tes

Student Status & Citizenship

84% 78% 90% 88% 82% 97%76% 76%

12% 13%8% 9% 13%

2%

7% 7%

FT2MBA FT1MBA PT Cohort PT Self-paced EMBA MAcc MFIn MiM

Program Type

* Employment statistics are recalculated to align with Bureau of Labor Statistics U-3 “Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force,” which removes individuals not in the workforce (6% of the alumni sample) from the calculation (https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t15.htm)

8

https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t15.htm


B-School Alumni Entrepreneurs


5%

23%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

% o

f b-s

chool alu

mni w

ho a

re e

ntr

epre

neurs

Graduation Year

Rate of Entrepreneurship, by Graduation Year


B-School Alumni Tend To Embark on Entrepreneurial

Ventures Several Years After Graduation

One in 10 (10%) b-school alumni are entrepreneurs today.

10



Most Entrepreneurs Founded Their Own Company in the

Consulting or Products/Services Industry, Few Sought VC

2%

4%

8%

85%

Received transfer of ownership

Inherited

Purchased

Founded

Business Acquisition

1%

2%

3%

5%

6%

8%

13%

26%

36%

Other

Government/nonprofit

Energy/utilities

Manufacturing

Health care

Technology

Finance/accounting

Products/services

Consulting

Industry

14% sought

venture capital

69% received

venture capital

31% did not receive venture capital

55%

84%

50%

87%

92%

73%

75%

6%

14%

14%

21%

23%

29%

33%

Consulting

Finance/accounting

Products/services

Health care

Manufacturing

Technology

Energy/utilities

Venture Capital, by Industry

Sought VC Received VC

11



Most B-School Entrepreneurs Are Motivated to Be Their Own Boss

and See Self-Employment as the Best Avenue for Their Ideas

8%

27%

31%

52%

56%

58%

61%

64%

65%

14%

25%

40%

27%

31%

28%

30%

29%

28%

78%

48%

29%

21%

12%

14%

10%

7%

7%

Couldn’t find a job

An entrepreneurial friend/family was a role model

Working for someone else did not appeal to me

Always wanted to start my own business

Balance work and family

Flexible hours

Opportunity for greater income

Best avenue for my ideas/goods/services

Wanted to be my own boss

Motivation for Pursuing Entrepreneurship

Very important Somewhat important Not at all important

Average annual revenue stream of nearly US$7 million

12


B-School Alumni Employees


Organizational Characteristics

B-School Alumni Work in a Variety of Organizational

Types/Sizes; Larger Organizations Have More Int’l Clientele

17% 19%

29%

13%8%

GlobalFortune 100

GlobalFortune 500

Publiclytraded

Familyowned

Start-up

Type of Organization

7%9%

12%

6%

14%

8%10%

33%

Few

er

than 2

5

25-1

00

101-5

00

501-1

,000

1,0

01-5

,000

5,0

01-1

0,0

00

10,0

01-2

5,0

00

More

than 2

5,0

00

Size of Organization

76%66%

56%

24%33%

44%

Small(< 1,001)

Mid(1,001-10,000)

Large(10,001+)

% o

f cl

ients

Clientele, by Organization Size

Domestic Clients International Clients

61% of b-school alumni work for companies with locations in multiple countries

14


Industry of Employment

B-School Alumni Continue To Work in a Variety of Industries,

with Some Variation by Gender and Program Type

1%

7%

9%

9%

10%

13%

15%

17%

20%

Other

Energy/utilities

Health care

Consulting

Manufacturing

Government/nonprofit

Finance/accounting

Technology

Products/services

Overall

Program Type

Industry FT2MBA FT1MBA PT CohortPT Self-Paced

EMBA MAcc MFin MiM

Products/services 19% 24% 17% 18% 19% 18% 17% 22%

Technology 19% 17% 16% 14% 21% 8% 8% 14%

Finance/accounting 16% 14% 12% 13% 12% 42% 36% 13%

Government/nonprofit 12% 11% 10% 18% 13% 11% 5% 20%

Manufacturing 10% 8% 13% 15% 9% 7% 8% 9%

Consulting 10% 13% 9% 5% 6% 8% 9% 10%

Health care 8% 6% 11% 12% 8% 3% 12% 8%

Energy/utilities 7% 5% 11% 4% 10% 4% 5% 2%

Other 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0%

20

%

17

%

15

%

10

%

10

% 12

%

8%

7%

22

%

12

%

13

%

18

%

7%

13

%

10

%

4%

Products/services

Technology Finance/accounting

Gov't/nonprofit

Manu-facturing

Consulting Health care Energy/utilities

Gender

Male Female

15


19%

23%

8%

18%18%

13%

15%

10%

11%10%

18%

12%

6%

8%

4%

6%

1990 or earlier 1991 to 1995 1996 to 2000 2001 to 2005 2006 to 2010 2011 to 2015 2016 to 2017

Perc

ent

of em

plo

yed a

lum

ni

Graduation Year

Industry, by Graduation Year

Products/services Technology Finance/accounting Government/nonprofit

Manufacturing Consulting Health care Energy/utilities

Industry of Employment

Recent B-School Alumni Are More Likely To Work in Tech and

Products/Services Compared with Finance and Consulting

16


Job Function

B-School Alumni Continue to Work in a Variety of Job

Functions, with Some Variation by Gender and Program Type

4%

4%

6%

10%

13%

18%

21%

24%

Other

Human resources

IT/MIS

Operations/logistics

Consulting

Marketing/sales

Finance/accounting

General management

Overall

Program Type

Job function FT2MBA FT1MBA PT CohortPT Self-Paced

EMBA MAcc MFin MiM

General management 22% 26% 26% 26% 35% 2% 9% 27%

Finance/accounting 24% 16% 15% 19% 11% 82% 57% 14%

Marketing/sales 19% 21% 18% 18% 18% 1% 6% 17%

Consulting 14% 18% 13% 8% 10% 10% 9% 13%

Operations/logistics 10% 8% 14% 14% 9% 1% 7% 13%

IT/MIS 4% 5% 10% 8% 11% 1% 6% 2%

Human resources 4% 3% 2% 3% 2% 0% 2% 7%

Other 4% 4% 2% 4% 4% 2% 4% 7%

25

%

22

%

16

%

13

%

10

%

7%

2%

21

%

18

% 22

%

13

%

9%

5% 7

%

Generalmgt.

Finance/Acct.

Marketing/sales

Consulting Operations/logistics

IT/MIS Humanresources

Gender

Male Female

17


28%

18%

24%

20%

13%

20%

12%

15%

5%

13%

5%

6%

2%

4%


Perc

ent

of em

plo

yed a

lum

ni

Graduation Year

Job Function, by Graduation Year

General management Finance/accounting Marketing/sales Consulting

Operations/logistics IT/MIS Human resources

Job Function

Recent B-School Alumni Are More Likely To Work in

Marketing/Sales, Consulting, and Operations/Logistics

18


2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 5%19%19% 20% 22% 25%

32%

46%

49%34% 38% 34%

42%44%

35%23%

25%26% 29%

23%

16% 10% 7%20% 15% 14% 10% 6% 4% 2%


% o

f em

plo

yed

Graduation Year

Job Levels, by Graduation Year

Entry level Mid-level Senior level Executive level C-Suite

Job Level

B-School Alumni Climb the Corporate Hierarchy as They

Accumulate Experience; Most Satisfied with Career Progression

3%8%

14%

44%

32%

Verydissatisfied

Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied VerySatisfied

% o

f em

plo

yed

Satisfaction with Career ProgressionMost alumni from the classes of 2016 and 2017 currently work in mid-level (49%) or senior-level (23%) positions. An additional 19 percent are in entry-level positions. As alumni accumulate experience, they tend to rise to higher job levels. For example, most alumni that graduated between 1996 and 2000 currently work in senior level (34%) and executive level (29%) positions.

Overall, most alumni are satisfied with their career progression to date (76%). Earlier alumni express higher levels of satisfaction with their career progression than recent alumni.

19


64%

68%

84%

87%

I could not have obtained mycurrent job without my GME

I receved more promotions aftergraduation

My GME moved me further alongin my career

The skills I developed in b-schooladvanced my career

% Agree

Overall

Job Progression

Graduate Management Education Advances Careers of Alumni

Compared with Peers Without a Business Degree

73

%

63

%

57

%

54

%

58

%

56

%

63

%

55

%

88

%

81

%

80

%

79

%

83

%

80

%

80

%

76

%90

%

84

%

84

%

84

%

89

%

86

%

83

%

78

%

74

%

65

%

66

%

65

%

66

%

54

%

56

%

52

%

FT2MBA FT1MBA PT Cohort PT Self-paced EMBA Macc MFIn MiM

% A

gre

e

Program Type*

I could not have obtained my current job without my GME My GME moved me further along in my career

The skills I developed in b-school advanced my career I received more promotions after graduation

Respondents were asked to indicate their level of agreement with statements

about their career progression relative to peers who do not have a graduate

management education.

20


Job Activities

B-School Alumni Tend to Grow Their Roles Over Time; Recent

Alumni Are More Likely to Work on Virtual Teams

55%

55%

62%

68%

69%

Manage vendors/suppliers

Make hiringdecisions

Manage a budget

Superviseemployees

Work on virtualteams

Overall

64

%

47

% 57

% 72

%

61

%

59

%

52

% 65

%

68

%

65

%

49

%

45

%

68

% 80

%

44

%

80

%

76

% 85

%

72

%

70

%

59

%

49

% 64

%

59

%

40

%50

%

72

%

66

%

74

%

47

%

50

%

52

% 64

% 76

%

60

%

Manage a budget Make hiring decisions Supervise employees Work on virtual teams Managevendors/suppliers

Job Activities, by Job Function

Marketing/sales Operations/logistics Consulting General management Finance/accounting Human resources IT/MIS

28

%

9% 2

3%

56

%

31

%46

%

35

% 50

% 66

%

45

%67

%

65

% 77

%

72

%

57

%

87

%

88

%

95

%

75

%

73

%

97

%

96

%

96

%

71

% 85

%

Manage a budget Make hiringdecisions

Superviseemployees

Work on virtualteams

Managevendors/suppliers

Job Activities, by Job Level


21


Asia-Pacific,

6%

Europe, 8%

Latin America,

6%

Africa/ Middle

East, 3%

Canada, 4%

United States, 73%

Location of Employment

Employment Location

Most B-School Alumni Work in the Same Region Pre- and

Post-Graduation and in their Region of Citizenship

Current Work Location, by Pre-Business School Work Location

Pre-Business School Work Location

Current Work Location

Asia- Pacific EuropeLatin

AmericaAfrica/

Middle EastCanada United States

Asia-Pacific 57% 5% 0% 2% 3% 33%

Europe 3% 72% 1% 3% 4% 16%

Latin America 1% 5% 68% 1% 2% 23%

Africa/Middle East 1% 7% 0% 71% 3% 17%

Canada 3% 3% 1% 2% 81% 10%

United States 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 97%

55%72% 67% 73% 79%

97%

45%28% 33% 27% 21%

3%

Asia-Pacific Europe LatinAmerica

Africa/Middle East

Canada UnitedStates

Region of citizenship

Work Location, by Citizenship

In region Outside region

22


*Salary and additional compensation data was collected from alumni categorically using $10,000 intervals. For instance, an alumnus who earns $106,000 per year would select the category, $100,000 to $109,999. The center point of the category is assigned to each alumnus. Finally, the median of the assigned values is used to provide an estimate of compensation for alumni. Data shown where the number of responses is 50 or greater.

Compensation: Base Salary*

B-School Alumni Earn a Median Base Salary of US$115,000

$3

5,0

00

$5

5,0

00

$5

5,0

00

$7

5,0

00

$4

0,0

00

$7

5,0

00

$8

5,0

00

$1

05

,00

0

$9

5,0

00

$1

05

,00

0

$6

5,0

00

$1

05

,00

0

$1

05

,00

0

$1

35

,00

0

$1

30

,00

0

$1

45

,00

0

$8

5,0

00

$1

35

,00

0

$1

35

,00

0

$1

85

,00

0

$2

25

,00

0

Asia-Pacific Europe Latin America Africa/Middle East Canada United States

Media

n B

ase

Sala

ry (

US$)

Work Location

Base Salary* (Median), by Job Level and Work Location


23


Industry Highlights


Industry Highlights

Products/Services


Products/Services Industry

Employer Characteristics

14%

22%

32%

26%

7%

GlobalFortune 100

GlobalFortune 500

Publiclytraded

Familyowned

Start-up


9%10%

14%

5%

14%

8% 9%

30%

Few

er

than 2

5

25-1

00

101-5

00

501-1

,000

1,0

01-5

,000

5,0

01-1

0,0

00

10,0

01-2

5,0

00

More

than 2

5,0

00


85%64% 58%

16%36% 42%

Small(< 1,001)

Mid(1,001-10,000)

Large(10,001+)

% o

f cl

ients



67% of b-school alumni in the products/services industry work for companies with locations in multiple countries

26



Employment Characteristics

2%

4%

5%

8%

12%

18%

25%

27%

Other

Human resources

IT/MIS

Consulting


Finance/accounting

Marketing/sales

General management

% of employed

Job Functions of B-School Alumni

0% 1% 5%

22%20%

35%39%

43%39%

40%38%

23%31%

17%13% 10%

10% 6% 5% 2%

2001 to2005

2006 to2010

2011 to2015

2016 to2017

% o

f em

plo

yed

Graduation Year



4%7%

16%

43%

30%

Verydissatisfied


% o

f em

plo

yed

Satisfaction with Career Progression

27



Job Characteristics

71

%

50

%

62

%

69

%

68

%

65

%

52

%

69

%

69

% 74

%

43

% 47

%

64

% 67

%

47

%

82

%

77

%

86

%

71

%

79

%

73

%

54

%

72

%

61

%

54

%

47

%

76

%

63

%

64

%

40

%

62

%

60

%

69

%

78

%

64

%




28



Annual Base Salary, by Job Function and Job Level$105,0

00

$105,0

00

$115,0

00

$125,0

00

$115,0

00

$90,0

00

$120,0

00

$45,0

00

$95,0

00

$125,0

00

$155,0

00

$210,0

00

Mark

eting/

sale

s

Opera

tions/

logis

tics

Consu

ltin

g

Genera

lm

anagem

ent

Fin

ance

/acc

ounting

Hum

an

reso

urc

es

IT/M

IS

Entr

y level

Mid

-leve

l

Senio

r le

vel

Execu

tive level

C-S

uite

Media

n B

ase

Sala

ry (

US$)

Base Salary* (Median), by Job Function and Job Level

Job Function Job Level

*Salary and additional compensation data was collected from alumni categorically using $10,000 intervals. For instance, an alumnus who earns $106,000 per year would select

the category, $100,000 to $109,999. The center point of the category is assigned to each alumnus. Finally, the median of the assigned values is used to provide an estimate of

compensation for alumni. ND: Data shown where the number of responses is 50 or greater.

29


Industry Highlights

Technology


Technology Industry


31%

21%

34%

8%

19%

GlobalFortune 100

GlobalFortune 500

Publiclytraded

Familyowned

Start-up


6%9%

12%

5%

10%8%

11%

40%

Few

er

than 2

5

25-1

00

101-5

00

501-1

,000

1,0

01-5

,000

5,0

01-1

0,0

00

10,0

01-2

5,0

00

More

than 2

5,0

00


75%62%

50%

25%38%

50%

Small(< 1,001)

Mid(1,001-10,000)

Large(10,001+)

% o

f cl

ients



84% of b-school alumni in the technology industry work for companies with locations in multiple countries

31


Technology Industry


2%

4%

10%

11%

12%

12%

24%

25%

Other

Human resources

Consulting


IT/MIS

Finance/accounting

General management

Marketing/sales

% of employed


1% 1% 4% 10%

26% 26%

48%

61%

43%50%

37%24%

24% 17% 8%5%

5% 6% 3% 0%

2001 to2005

2006 to2010

2011 to2015

2016 to2017

% o

f em

plo

yed

Graduation Year



3%7%

16%

43%

31%

Verydissatisfied


% o

f em

plo

yed


32


Technology Industry

Job Characteristics

56

%

46

%

53

%

84

%

59

%

54

%

49

%

60

%

78

%

61

%

35

%

35

%

53

%

88

%

38

%

73

% 76

%

83

%

85

%

71

%

72

%

56

%

65

%

78

%

43

%

44

%

74

%

65

%

89

%

46

%

42

% 48

%

63

%

78

%

53

%




33


Technology Industry


00

$125,0

00

$125,0

00

$135,0

00

$125,0

00

$125,0

00

$115,0

00

$65,0

00

$115,0

00

$135,0

00

$175,0

00

$185,0

00

Mark

eting/

sale

s

Opera

tions/

logis

tics

Consu

ltin

g

Genera

lm

anagem

ent

Fin

ance

/acc

ounting

Hum

an

reso

urc

es

IT/M

IS

Entr

y level

Mid

-leve

l

Senio

r le

vel

Execu

tive level

C-S

uite

Media

n B

ase

Sala

ry (

US$)






34


Industry Highlights

Finance/Accounting


Finance/Accounting Industry


19%23%

37%

10%

5%

GlobalFortune 100

GlobalFortune 500

Publiclytraded

Familyowned

Start-up


10%6%

11%

5%

12%

7%

12%

37%

Few

er

than 2

5

25-1

00

101-5

00

501-1

,000

1,0

01-5

,000

5,0

01-1

0,0

00

10,0

01-2

5,0

00

More

than 2

5,0

00


86% 80%71%

14% 20%29%

Small(< 1,001)

Mid(1,001-10,000)

Large(10,001+)

% o

f cl

ients



66% of b-school alumni in the finance/accounting industry work for companies with locations in multiple countries

36




1%

2%

4%

6%

7%

11%

17%

51%

Other

Human resources


IT/MIS

Consulting

Marketing/sales

General management

Finance/accounting

% of employed


1% 1% 7%

34%25% 27%

54%

46%

43%50%

30% 14%18%

16% 6% 4%13%5% 3% 1%

2001 to2005

2006 to2010

2011 to2015

2016 to2017

% o

f em

plo

yed

Graduation Year



3%7%

12%

44%

34%

Verydissatisfied


% o

f em

plo

yed


37



Job Characteristics

60

%

42

%

55

%

68

%

45

%

47

% 53

%

73

%

71

%

43

%

53

%

46

%

66

% 70

%

41

%

77

% 80

%

88

%

72

%

61

%

40

%

39

%

60

%

57

%

30

%33

%

63

%

56

%

93

%

44

%

47

% 53

%

66

%

77

%

67

%




38


Technology Industry


00

$110,0

00

$115,0

00

$155,0

00

$115,0

00

$125,0

00

$55,0

00 $

105,0

00

$145,0

00

$205,0

00 $250,0

00

Mark

eting/

sale

s

Opera

tions/

logis

tics

Consu

ltin

g

Genera

lm

anagem

ent

Fin

ance

/acc

ounting

Hum

an

reso

urc

es

IT/M

IS

Entr

y level

Mid

-leve

l

Senio

r le

vel

Execu

tive level

C-S

uite

Media

n B

ase

Sala

ry (

US$)



ND




39


Industry Highlights

Government/Nonprofit


Government/Nonprofit Industry


0% 0% 0%

2%

1%

GlobalFortune 100

GlobalFortune 500

Publiclytraded

Familyowned

Start-up


6%

9%

14%

11%

22%

11% 11%

15%

Few

er

than 2

5

25-1

00

101-5

00

501-1

,000

1,0

01-5

,000

5,0

01-1

0,0

00

10,0

01-2

5,0

00

More

than 2

5,0

00


90% 88% 82%

10% 12% 18%

Small(< 1,001)

Mid(1,001-10,000)

Large(10,001+)

% o

f cl

ients



36% of b-school alumni in the gov’t/nonprofit industry work for companies with locations in multiple countries

41




17%

4%

7%

8%

8%

11%

15%

31%

Other

Human resources

IT/MIS


Consulting

Marketing/sales

Finance/accounting

General management

% of employed


3% 3% 8%18%

32% 34%

45%

49%

43% 41%

33%

21%17% 13%

12% 9%6% 9% 3% 3%

2001 to2005

2006 to2010

2011 to2015

2016 to2017

% o

f em

plo

yed

Graduation Year



4%9%

14%

41%

32%

Verydissatisfied


% o

f em

plo

yed


42



Job Characteristics

64

%

53

%

63

%

48

%

57

%

66

%

49

%

64

%

63

%

57

%

38

%

36

%

48

%

61

%

31

%

81

%

75

%

85

%

55

%

56

%

69

%

55

%

62

%

38

% 42

%

63

%

72

%

81

%

49

%

35

%

58

%

60

% 65

%

57

% 61

%




43




00 $95,0

00

$75,0

00

$105,0

00

$85,0

00

$100,0

00

$115,0

00

$45,0

00

$75,0

00

$105,0

00 $

135,0

00

$145,0

00

Mark

eting/

sale

s

Opera

tions/

logis

tics

Consu

ltin

g

Genera

lm

anagem

ent

Fin

ance

/acc

ounting

Hum

an

reso

urc

es

IT/M

IS

Entr

y level

Mid

-leve

l

Senio

r le

vel

Execu

tive level

C-S

uite

Media

n B

ase

Sala

ry (

US$)






44


Industry Highlights

Manufacturing


Manufacturing Industry


20%

28%

39%

25%

2%

GlobalFortune 100

GlobalFortune 500

Publiclytraded

Familyowned

Start-up


3%6%

11%

5%

16%

9% 9%

41%

Few

er

than 2

5

25-1

00

101-5

00

501-1

,000

1,0

01-5

,000

5,0

01-1

0,0

00

10,0

01-2

5,0

00

More

than 2

5,0

00


76%64%

50%

24%36%

50%

Small(< 1,001)

Mid(1,001-10,000)

Large(10,001+)

% o

f cl

ients



84% of b-school alumni in the manufacturing industry work for companies with locations in multiple countries

46




1%

3%

4%

6%

19%

20%

22%

25%

Other

Consulting

IT/MIS

Human resources


Finance/accounting

Marketing/sales

General management

% of employed


0% 1% 4% 9%25%

32%

47%45%

40%

42%

32% 32%25%

20%13% 11%

11% 6% 4% 3%

2001 to2005

2006 to2010

2011 to2015

2016 to2017

% o

f em

plo

yed

Graduation Year



2%

9%13%

45%

32%

Verydissatisfied


% o

f em

plo

yed


47



Job Characteristics

74

%

46

%

61

%

74

%

67

%

56

%

55

%

65

% 68

%

68

%

48

%

48

%

56

%

78

%

52

%

85

%

77

%

85

%

73

% 77

%

74

%

54

%

67

%

67

%

39

%

67

%

77

%

69

%

88

%

60

%

68

%

55

%

74

%

87

%

81

%




48




00

$105,0

00

$135,0

00

$115,0

00

$115,0

00

$105,0

00

$125,0

00 $165,0

00

$235,0

00

Mark

eting/

sale

s

Opera

tions/

logis

tics

Consu

ltin

g

Genera

lm

anagem

ent

Fin

ance

/acc

ounting

Hum

an

reso

urc

es

IT/M

IS

Entr

y level

Mid

-leve

l

Senio

r le

vel

Execu

tive level

C-S

uite

Media

n B

ase

Sala

ry (

US$)



ND ND ND




49


Industry Highlights

Consulting


Consulting Industry


13% 13%15%

14%

10%

GlobalFortune 100

GlobalFortune 500

Publiclytraded

Familyowned

Start-up


15% 15%

10%

5%

12%

5% 7%

31%

Few

er

than 2

5

25-1

00

101-5

00

501-1

,000

1,0

01-5

,000

5,0

01-1

0,0

00

10,0

01-2

5,0

00

More

than 2

5,0

00


85%64% 58%

16%36% 42%

Small(< 1,001)

Mid(1,001-10,000)

Large(10,001+)

% o

f cl

ients



75% of b-school alumni in the consulting industry work for companies with locations in multiple countries

51


Consulting Industry


1%

1%

2%

3%

6%

8%

11%

69%

Other

Human resources

IT/MIS


Finance/accounting

Marketing/sales

General management

Consulting

% of employed


0% 0% 5%

25%15% 18%

44%

52%

42%52%

38%

18%29%

24%13% 4%

14%6% 1% 1%

2001 to2005

2006 to2010

2011 to2015

2016 to2017

% o

f em

plo

yed

Graduation Year



2%7%

12%

45%

34%

Verydissatisfied


% o

f em

plo

yed


52


Consulting Industry

Job Characteristics

44

%

34

%

45

%

73

%

59

%

52

% 56

%

68

%

64

%

64

%

56

%

49

%

79

%

87

%

48

%

75

% 79

% 85

%

83

%

76

%

63

%

44

%

60

% 67

%

46

%



Marketing/sales Operations/logistics Consulting General management Finance/accounting

53


Consulting Industry


00

$135,0

00

$135,0

00

$65,0

00

$110,0

00

$130,0

00

$180,0

00

Mark

eting/

sale

s

Opera

tions/

logis

tics

Consu

ltin

g

Genera

lm

anagem

ent

Fin

ance

/acc

ounting

Hum

an

reso

urc

es

IT/M

IS

Entr

y level

Mid

-leve

l

Senio

r le

vel

Execu

tive level

C-S

uite

Media

n B

ase

Sala

ry (

US$)



ND ND ND ND ND




54


Industry Highlights

Health Care


Health Care Industry


18%21%

29%

7% 6%

GlobalFortune 100

GlobalFortune 500

Publiclytraded

Familyowned

Start-up


4% 5% 6%4%

14%11%

15%

40%

Few

er

than 2

5

25-1

00

101-5

00

501-1

,000

1,0

01-5

,000

5,0

01-1

0,0

00

10,0

01-2

5,0

00

More

than 2

5,0

00


86% 82%68%

14% 18%32%

Small(< 1,001)

Mid(1,001-10,000)

Large(10,001+)

% o

f cl

ients



56% of b-school alumni in the health care industry work for companies with locations in multiple countries

56




8%

3%

7%

7%

13%

15%

20%

28%

Other

Human resources

IT/MIS

Consulting


Finance/accounting

Marketing/sales

General management

% of employed


0% 1% 5% 11%22%

44%44%

52%41%

34%36%

27%23%

14% 10%8%14% 8% 4% 2%

2001 to2005

2006 to2010

2011 to2015

2016 to2017

% o

f em

plo

yed

Graduation Year



3%7%

13%

45%

32%

Verydissatisfied


% o

f em

plo

yed


57



Job Characteristics

68

%

49

%

51

%

72

%

60

%

60

%

61

%

68

%

61

%

68

%

47

%

42

% 45

%

76

%

47

%

78

%

78

%

79

%

73

%

67

%72

%

59

%

69

%

63

%

50

%

44

%

46

% 50

%

79

%

50

%



Marketing/sales Operations/logistics Consulting General management Finance/accounting IT/MIS

58




00

$105,0

00

$115,0

00 $145,0

00

$115,0

00

$115,0

00

$105,0

00

$125,0

00

$175,0

00

$185,0

00

Mark

eting/

sale

s

Opera

tions/

logis

tics

Consu

ltin

g

Genera

lm

anagem

ent

Fin

ance

/acc

ounting

Hum

an

reso

urc

es

IT/M

IS

Entr

y level

Mid

-leve

l

Senio

r le

vel

Execu

tive level

C-S

uite

Media

n B

ase

Sala

ry (

US$)



ND ND




59


Industry Highlights

Energy/Utilities


Energy/Utilities Industry


24%27%

44%

8% 6%

GlobalFortune 100

GlobalFortune 500

Publiclytraded

Familyowned

Start-up


4% 6%

12%

5%

16%

9%12%

36%

Few

er

than 2

5

25-1

00

101-5

00

501-1

,000

1,0

01-5

,000

5,0

01-1

0,0

00

10,0

01-2

5,0

00

More

than 2

5,0

00


82% 75%

52%

18% 25%

48%

Small(< 1,001)

Mid(1,001-10,000)

Large(10,001+)

% o

f cl

ients



68% of b-school alumni in the energy/utilities industry work for companies with locations in multiple countries

61




2%

4%

5%

7%

12%

15%

27%

28%

Other

Human resources

IT/MIS

Consulting

Marketing/sales


Finance/accounting

General management

% of employed


0% 0% 4%14%

29%36%

53%46%

41%

46%

31%34%22%

12% 8% 4%8% 5% 3% 1%

2001 to2005

2006 to2010

2011 to2015

2016 to2017

% o

f em

plo

yed

Graduation Year



3%

9%14%

45%

29%

Verydissatisfied


% o

f em

plo

yed


62



Job Characteristics

60

%

39

%

52

%

78

%

63

%

60

%

47

%

59

% 64

% 67

%

35

%

33

%

48

%

68

%

40

%

84

%

69

%

85

%

76

%

75

%

62

%

55

%

63

%

56

%

41

%

54

%

38

%

54

%

92

%

65

%



Marketing/sales Operations/logistics Consulting General management Finance/accounting IT/MIS

63




00

$145,0

00

$155,0

00

$125,0

00

$125,0

00

$150,0

00

$210,0

00

Mark

eting/

sale

s

Opera

tions/

logis

tics

Consu

ltin

g

Genera

lm

anagem

ent

Fin

ance

/acc

ounting

Hum

an

reso

urc

es

IT/M

IS

Entr

y level

Mid

-leve

l

Senio

r le

vel

Execu

tive level

C-S

uite

Media

n B

ase

Sala

ry (

US$)



ND ND ND ND ND




64


Contact Information

Contributors

The following individuals from the GMAC Research

Department made significant contributions to the

publication of this report: Gregg Schoenfeld, Director,

Management Education Research, questionnaire

development and interpretation of data, and drafting of the

manuscript for intellectual content; Matt Hazenbush,

Research Communications Senior Manager, manuscript

review; Rebecca Estrada-Worthington, Survey Research

Manager, questionnaire design, sample development, survey

management; Maryam Bastani, Research Assistant,

sample development, administrative work and report

development; Tacoma Williams, Research Senior

Coordinator, quality assurance.

For questions or comments regarding the study findings,

methodology or data, please contact the GMAC Research

Department at [email protected].

65

mailto:[email protected]


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