b2:wb :wbd:wb.:h a g 0 { ß n v f ¢ { ß > ® < ß > ® ® Ù Â ¨ º e < j É / 2 Ä...
TRANSCRIPT
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
e.g.e.g. Properties of Concrete(A.M. Neville 1973)
( 1952)
H.G. Gilkey ??? L. Turner1937
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
7 days (just after cracking) 28 days
2.
- 2 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
3.
4.
k(10
16m
2 )
31 6131 613131 6161
Automatic Healing
Self Healing (Self Repairing)/
Autogenous Healing /
Recovery/
Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)/ ( )
Autonomic Healing/
Natural Healing /
Natural Healing / Natural Healing /
Automatic Healing
Self Healing (Self Repairing)/
Autogenous Healing /
Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)/ ( )
Autonomic Healing/
Natural Healing /
CO32- +
Ca2+
CO2
CO2 H2CO3
CO32-
Ca2+
CaCO3
15 0.5mm
15
Autonomic Healing / Autonomic Healing /
Automatic Healing
Self Healing (Self Repairing)/
Autogenous Healing /
Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)/ ( )
Autonomic Healing
/Natural Healing /
- 3 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
0.4mm
7 days (just after cracking)
28 days
60 days
14 days
2006
(DF):70% (DF):90%
( 50-55% FA 10-15%)
FRC
28
k(10
16m
2 )
31 6131 613131 6161
*
Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)// (( ))
Automatic Healing
Self Healing (Self Repairing)/
Autogenous Healing /
Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)/ ( )
Natural Healing /
Autonomic Healing/
Autogenous Healing / Autogenous Healing /
Automatic Healing
Self Healing (Self Repairing)/
Autogenous Healing /
Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)/ ( )
Autonomic Healing/
Natural Healing /
- 4 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
Automatic HealingAutomatic Healing
Automatic Healing
Self Healing (Self Repairing)/
Autogenous Healing /
Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)/ ( )
Autonomic Healing/
Natural Healing /
Self Healing (Self Repairing)/ Self Healing (Self Repairing)/
Automatic Healing
Self Healing (Self Repairing)/
Autogenous Healing /
Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)/ ( )
Autonomic Healing/
Natural Healing /
Recovery / Recovery /
Recovery/
Automatic Healing
Self Healing (Self Repairing)/
Autogenous Healing /
Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)/ ( )
Autonomic Healing/
Natural Healing /
or
or
- 5 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
TC SHC: Self-healing phenomena in cement-based materials Chair: Prof. Schlangen TU-Delft 2005-2009
- 6 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
15
100 m10 m
100 m
15
150.4 mm.
C
50 m
Ett.
SEM
150.1 mm
C
SEM
25
65 mm
15 m
Ett.
10 m
Ett.
SEM
25
70 mm
50 m
Ett.
10 m
Ett.
- 7 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
(DF):70% (DF):90%
JCI TC075B 2008/7/102
Autonomic Healing /
Natural Healing
/
Automatic Healing
Self Healing (Self Repairing)
/
Autogenous Healing /
Recovery/
Activated Healing(Activated Repairing)
/ ( )
AutonomicHealing/
( 50-55% FA 10-15%) 4
2007,2008
JCI 2007
2006
5
( )
( 0.1%,0.3% )
6
50-55% FA 10-15%()
B
B
- 9 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
(DF):70% (DF):90%
2006
(mm)
7
30 RH60%3
8
40
60
80
100
120
80% 60% 80% 60% 80% 60%
(%)
20 1W 40 4W
N HL FA20
N: HL: FA20: HL+FA20%
9
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
80% 60% 80% 60% 80% 60%
(mm
/)
20 1W 40 4W
N HL FA20
N: HL: FA20: HL+FA20%
10
0
50
100
150
200
250
0.006 100 0.006 0.05 0.05 1 1 10
(%)
( m)
20 1W 40 4W
0
50
100
150
200
0.006 100 0.006 0.05 0.05 1 1 10
(%)
( m)
20 1W 40 4W
11
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 200 400 600 800Curing age(days)
Rel
ativ
e hu
mid
ity(%
)
Average relativehumidity: 69%
-20-10
01020
30405060
0 200 400 600 800Curing age(days)
Tem
peta
ture
()
2mm 2
20 440 1
12
( )
- 10 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
•Self Healing(Repairing)
•Recovery /
•Autogenous Healing
•Automatic Healing
•Activated Healing(Repairing)
/ ( )
•Autonomic Healing/
•Autonomic Healing / The concrete that has special elements for the objective of self-healing compare to the conventional concrete
- Special admixtures such as optimized expansive agent, flyash and unhydrated epoxy for the self-healing - Fiber reinforced cementitious materials
•Natural Healing/
Leaked water by a ceiling part
Execution situation of a waterproofing(A yellow part is a sheet waterproofing.) Drain for leaked water
Underground-Water Leaks andUnderground Railway Station.
Rain-Water Leaks a Concrete Viaduct. (to inside Station Under the Viaduct) Underground
Station
Under ViaductStation
Solutions !! ==== Self healing of Cracks
18th Century bridge in Amsterdam
Existing Structure
Logically speaking,these centuries-old constructions should have crumbled and collapsed ages ago. So why didn't they?
The porosity of the bricks leads to the precipitation of dissolved calcite in cracks“The answer is chalk, calcium.The mortar used in these ancient bridges contains a lot of chalk compared to modern standards. Whenever a crack appears the water they're standing in is sucked inside. In modern concrete that's the beginning of the end, but in these old brick bridges the water will dissolve the chalk in the mortar, the chalk will flow into the cracks, and then set again. Hey Presto! Natural self-healing.”Chalk can fulfil exactly the same function in ultra-modern self-healing concrete
The chalk has more than 60% CaCO3.REF) Microlab. Delf University of Technology
• Possible causes of self healing
(a)
(a) Formation of calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide
(b) Continued hydration of cement particles
(b)
(c) Sedimentation of particles
(c)
(d) Swelling of the cement matrix or Expansion of the cement matrix(mineral admixture)
(d)
- 11 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
Self-healing not to be expected
Meichsnerh
d
h/d(water pressure)
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
W (mm)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Self-healingliable to occure
Lohmeyer
from Van Breugel
Microscopy images of OPC paste and OPC paste incorporating expansive agent at normal water/binder ratio (0.45). [Under water supply until 28 days]
The sufficient hydration by surplus water for normal water to binder concretesThe reduction of its self-healing capability
• OPC 90% + Expansive agent 10%• Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
OPC
Expansion term(CSA agent)
Chemica
l pres
tress
conc
ept
Swelling term(Nano-materials)
Wat
er p
roof
ing
conc
ept
Precipitated term(Chemicaladditive)
Nucleation concept
[1] Expansion Reaction
[2] Swelling Reaction
[3] Chemical Reaction
Basic Design
Upgrade Design I
Upgrade Design II
Investigation of Hydration products
1day, 3days, 7days, 28days, 90days
XRD, SEM-EDS
Sample preparation
W/B =0.45%, Chemical Admixtures [SP , SP SP ]Properties of workability according to chemical admixtures [Mini Slump Test]
Induced cracks Pure water
Crack width 0.3 mm0.2 mm
After 120 days
W/CW/CW/C
Degree of cement hydration [ Over 80%] 13.56%
Unhydrated particle
40 days
3 days 7 days 14 days
28 days 200 days
Top
Side
bottom
Cross-Section
Ordinary Zone
Self-healing Zone
10cm
5cm
- 12 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
Top of Specimen
Self-healing Zone
Original Zone
Al ion Ca ion
Acceleration of self-healing ability using mineral admixtures
Self-healing Zone
Original Zone
Top of Specimen
CaO 74.57% 75.67%
SiO2 2.38%
Al2O3 20.51% 24.32%
F2O3 0.00%
SO3 0.58%
K2O 0.00%
Na2O 0.66%
MgO 1.30%
Formation of calcium tricarboaluminate [3CaO·Al2O3·3CaCO3·30H2O]
Real Cal.
• Induced Crack after 120 days • Under Water Supply until 3 days
• Self-Healing Behavior [High Potential]
Induced Crack after 120 days
Under Water Supply until 3 days
- 13 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
Self-healing products
Aggregate
Self-healingproducts
Aggregate zone Paste zone
SHC [W/B=47.3%]Perfect self-healing
Partial self-healing
Aggregate area
Cementitious paste area
Aggregate
Crack width 0 3 days 7 days 14 days 21 days 28 days
Water pass
(mm/s)
0.1 mm 157 75.6 7.29 12.4 9.65 7.5
0.2 mm 195 111 66.7 51 52 53.9
0.4 mm 241 162 12.5 12.1 18.3 11.1
Time (days)
Cra
ck (m
m)
Time (days)
Cra
ck (m
m)
• Conventional Concrete • Self-healing Concrete
Verification conducted by Komatsu at Yokohama National University
Water passWater immersion
(a) Mixer for premixed products (b) Powder blending
Preparation process of premixed products(c) Packing (d) Products
(a) Actual casting
(b) Finishing
(c) After water supply
Cracking
(a) Before water supply
Water leakage
(b) Actual underground water supply
Water Tank
Insert steel plate
Internal
(d) Measurement of water leakage
movement from filed to lab
re-products between cracks
- 14 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
Water proof
sheets
Double sheet
Water leakage of wall
Water leakage of ceiling
Water leakage of wall
News media & Patent pendingNews media & Patent pending
• Patent pending [ from The university of Tokyo]
- 15 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
1 Self Healing Materials
+
112007. 4/18-20 Noordwijk Netherland14 196 12 75 50
(Victor Li 12 3 JR
“Is there a market for self-healing cement-based systems in the building industry? “(Prof. Breugel)
“Microbial calcification enhances concrete self-healing properties”(TU Delft)
“Improvement of concrete durability with the aid of bacteria”(Ghent University)
“Computer simulation study of concretes self-healing capacity due to unhydrated cement nuclei in interfacial transition zones”(TU Delft)
“Self-healing of early age cracks in concrete”(TU Delft)
JR 3
“Self-healing in concrete materials”(Prof. Victor Li)
ECC
2009
Prof. BreugelDr. Schlangen
TU Delft Microlab
Delft Center for Materials ,4 15 Civil Engineering
1/4 1
RILEM TC-SHC
workabilityuniformhigh strengthhigh durability
low water/binder ratio
hydration heatautogenous shrinkage
(prototype of SCC, )
Tensile Force (Steel Bar)
Compressive Force as Reaction Force
Large amount of Expansive Additive
ChemicalPrestress
(more than compensation for shrinkage)
chemical prestress
- 16 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
(2001)
50mm
EC
NC
W/B = 25%
E/B = 10%
E/B = 0%
wetEC-3, NC-3R.H. = 98%
dry (R.H. = 60%)EC-2, NC-2
waterwetEC-1, NC-1
(2001)
NC-1
EC-1
( 175
30
EC
NC
Expansive Concrete, in water)
0days
13days 29days
7days
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Time (days)
Cra
ck W
idth
(mm
) .
Bottom SurfaceBottom Surface (without new hydrates)Top SurfaceTop Surface (without new hydrates)
Cracking .
JR 2004
(W/B=45%, E=50kg/m3,Cementitious Crystalline Material = 4kg/m3)
7 days (just after cracking) 14 days
28 days 60 days
CaCO3
JR 2004
05GC120
2007/02/15
Effects of curing conditions and expansion in Crack Self Healing Concrete
- 17 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
( 100cm)14 20
DuCOM( )
( )
()0
14
28 28
+Li2CO3(W/P=60 ) +Li2CO3(W/P=60 )
W/P=50% 0 14
W/P=60%
(W/P=25~45%) (W/P=50 60%)
: ::
03430050343005
50
Effects of restraining reinforcement for expansion on crack Self – Healing of Concrete
( )( 45% )
1 50
1
(
60
(W/P=50%)
60
D16D11
20kg+20kg+30kg+
14kg+
14kg/m3 +
30kg/m3 +
( )
( )
20kg/m3 +
D16( )
( )D16
- 18 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
10kPa
q = p b 3 /12 d
( =0.02 0.17)
w
Healing Properties of Self Healing Concrete with Water Passing through Crack
0443015
-Objectives-
(1)(2)(3) JR
(1)(2)
(1)0.1mm(2)0.2mm(3)0.4mm
Step2.
Step1.
20 0,3,7,14,21,28
80mm
0.1, 0.2, 0.4mm
-Determination of crack cross section-Step1.
16mm2
1.50%32.5mm232mm20.4mm-0.12%15.9mm216mm20.2mm4.60%8.37mm28mm20.1mm
5.00%30.4mm232mm20.4mm-3.90%15.3mm20.2mm
11.70%8.94mm28mm20.1mm
3
4
Step2.
150mm 150mm
-Concrete mix-
1.51950839405032817045L7.4920809022.214.833317547
1.4892080900037017547N
(kg/m3)%AGSZ2Z1ECWW/PNo.
Memo2
3
EDVARDSON
…
–Effect of Base mix-
:10m/m) 33 53m/m
10kPa
- 19 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
-Effect of improved mix-
0.2mm0.1mm 0.4mm
-Conclusion-
-Suggestions-
pH
- 20 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #1
YamagataUniversity
Activated Repairing /
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #2
YamagataUniversity
Activated Repairing /
Natural Healing/
Automatic Healing
Self Healing (Self Repairing)/
Autogenous Healing/
Recovery/
Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)/ ( )
AutonomicHealing
/
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #3
YamagataUniversity
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #4
YamagataUniversity
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #5
YamagataUniversity
( : 75mm)
( : 5mm)
( : 75mm)
( : 5cc)
(JIS A 6909)
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #6
YamagataUniversity
- 21 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #7
YamagataUniversity
K =4.69 x 10-4·w3
K = 3.56 x 10-5·w3
0 0.610-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
0.0001
0.20.1 0.3 0.4 0.5
-- 0.2mm
- 0.2mm
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #8
YamagataUniversity
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #9
YamagataUniversity
0
50
100
150
200
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #10
YamagataUniversity
EVA 93
80
10
10
30
20
250
5mm4mm
160
10
10mm
S/C=200 [wt.%]
W/C =45[wt.%]
RuO2 70
(mm)
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #11
YamagataUniversity
W80mm
T10mm
L250mm
Reinforcement
Reinforcement
Organic film pipe
Strain monitoring sensor
1mm @80=80mm
10
250mm
4mm @31 =124mm
Organic film pipe(Diameter: 4mm)
Electric wire
1mm @10= 10mm
2mm
10
30
10
20
4mm @31 =124mm
0.323[W/mm3]
0.035[W/mm3]
Strain monitoring sensor(Diameter: 2mm, length: 162mm)
Reinforcement (Diameter: 4mm)
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #12
YamagataUniversity
0min 1min3min5min
50
10min
50
15min
50
20min
5075
[ ]1000 5020
100
20 1006040 80
02010
[min]
A
A
A
A
[ ]
20
- 22 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #13
YamagataUniversity
0 25 50 75 100
60
5min
6040
40
20 40 60 80 10010min
55
70
55
70
20 45 70 95 120
80
80
50
50
20min
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #14
YamagataUniversity
0min 2min
60
6min
93
6
90
6093
90
60
10min
9060
20min30min
90
60
20 18010060 140
0
A
A
[ ]1809320
200
03015
[min]
A
A
0
[ ]
20
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #15
YamagataUniversity
-20 40 100 160 220
130
10min
90
130
90
0 50 100 150 20020min
90
90140
140
30 65 100 135 170
160
160
80
80
30min
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #16
YamagataUniversity
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #17
YamagataUniversity
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #18
YamagataUniversity
- 23 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #19
YamagataUniversity
15
M6
150
7.5 22.514 4545
25021
2323
7575
135
0.5vol%45%15%0.9%45%VfS/BSF/BSP/BW/B
B C SF C SF SPS Vf 6mm
[mm]
HDPE
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #20
YamagataUniversity
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Load
[kN
]
Resistance change ratio [-]
CMOD [mm]
(CMOD)
CMOD
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #21
YamagataUniversity
20
25
30
35
40
45[ ]
40V 20 50V 20
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #22
YamagataUniversity
84 190%
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
1st loading2nd loading
CMOD [mm]0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1st loading2nd loading
CMOD [mm]
Load
[kN
]
60 86%
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #23
YamagataUniversity
( : 5cc)
( : 75mm)
(JIS A 6909)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80
2
4
6
8
Self-repaired
Without repairing
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #24
YamagataUniversity
- 24 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #1
TohokuUniversity
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #2
TohokuUniversity
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #3
TohokuUniversity
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #4
TohokuUniversity
SiCSiO2
pp.13-50 2003
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #5
TohokuUniversity
13
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #6
TohokuUniversity
- 25 -
http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #7
TohokuUniversity
self-repairing
autogenous healing
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #8
TohokuUniversity
Natural Healing/
Automatic Healing
Self Healing (Self Repairing)/
Autogenous Healing/
Recovery/
Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)/ ( )
AutonomicHealing
/
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #9
TohokuUniversity
wikipedia
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #10
TohokuUniversity
etc... etc...
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #11
TohokuUniversity
, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #12
TohokuUniversity
- 26 -