C2 Revision cards

C2 Revision Questions

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Question 1

• What are the three main parts of the Earth?

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Answer 1 of 50

• Crust,

• Mantle

• Core

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Question 2

• What are the three different types of rock?

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Answer 2

• Igneous,

• Metamorphic,

• Sedimentary

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Question 3

Which types of rocks are the hardest and which are the softest? Explain why

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Answer 3

• Igneous are hardest as they have interlocking crystals.

• Sedimentary is softest

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Question 4

List 3 negatives of quarries

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Answer 4

• Dust pollution,

• damaged landscape,

• noise from explosions and machinery,

• increased number of lorries

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Question 5

• What is concrete made from?

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Answer 5

• Cement, sand, gravel and water

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Question 6

What are tectonic plates?

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Answer 6

• Large parts of the lithosphere that move across the mantle

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Question 7

• Give two reasons why people live near volcanoes

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Answer 7

• Fertile soil

• no eruptions for a long time

• Most volcanic eruptions not that dangerous

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Question 8

• Which igneous rocks have the largest crystals?

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Answer 8

• Intrusive igneous rock (they slowly cool inside the volcano)

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Question 9

• What can you do to a quarry once the stone has been removed?

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Answer 9

• Cover with soil and plant grass,

• fill with water for lake used for fishing and sailing,

• fill with rubbish for landfill.

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Question 10

• Describe what a convection current is

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Answer 10

• When a fluid gets heated it becomes less dense as the particles move apart. The fluid moves up when hot and sinks when cold, then being pulled inwards to replace rising fluid.

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Question 11

• How are igneous rocks made?

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Answer 11

• Molten rock cooled down

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Question 12

• Name three rocks that can be used for building materials

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Answer 12

• Limestone,

• Marble,

• Granite

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Question 13

• Which is concrete stronger from, compression or tension?

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Answer 13

• Compression

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Question 14

• Name a use of copper

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Answer 14

• Electrical wires

• Coins

• Cooking pans

• Water pipes

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Question 15

• How do we remove copper from its ore?

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Answer 15

• Heat it with carbon (a reduction reaction)

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Question 16

• What happens when you heat calcium carbonate?

• What type of reaction is this?

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Answer 16

• Breaks down into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.

• Thermal decomposition

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Question 17

• How can concrete be reinforced?

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Answer 17

• Putting steel rods in the concrete

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Question 18

• How are sedimentary rocks made?

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Answer 18

• Sediments of rocks compressed under the weight of other rocks

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Question 19

• What is subduction?

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Answer 19

• When one tectonic plate is pushed below another

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Question 20

• What is the name for the outer layer of the Earth?

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Answer 20

• Crust/ lithosphere

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Question 21

• How are metamorphic rocks made?

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Answer 21

• Sedimentary or igneous rocks put under a lot of heat and pressure

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Question 22

• Name three positives to quarries

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Answer 22

• Creates jobs,

• Provides raw materials for building,

• improves economy

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Question 23

• What is the symbol equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate?

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Answer 23

• CaCO3→CaO +CO2

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Question 24

• Why do we recycle copper?

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Answer 24

• Cheaper than extracting it from the ore

• Saves resources – no need for copper mines

• Saves energy – electrolysis of impure copper takes a lot of energy

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Question 25

• How is cement made?

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Answer 25

Limestone is heated with clay

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Question 26

Name a disadvantage of using high temperature and pressure in the Haber process?

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Answer 26

• High costs of equipment – pipes and fittings have to be made of stronger steel

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Question 27

• What are the optimum conditions for the Haber process?

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Answer 27 .... of 50

• Pressure - 200 atmosphere

• Temperature – 450oC

• Iron catalyst

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Question 28

• What does increasing the pressure achieve in the Haber process?

• What does increasing the temperature achieve in the Haber process?

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Answer 28

• Increasing pressure increases the yield

• Increasing temperature decreases the yield but increases the rate

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Question 29

• Name 3 advantages of aluminium compared to steel

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Answer 29

• Less dense,

• does not corrode,

• more malleable.

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Question 30

• Name 3 things you could do to prevent a material corroding?

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Answer 30

• Paint it, cover it in oil, seal it from oxygen and water

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Question 31

• When electrolysis is used to purify copper, which electrode is the impure copper connected to and which electrode is the purer copper connected to?

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Answer 31

• Anode = Impure

• Cathode = Pure

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Question 32

• What does corrode mean?

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Answer 32

• To lose strength due to chemical attack

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Question 33

• What two ingredients are needed for the Haber process? Where do we get these from?

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Answer 33

• Hydrogen (from crude oil or natural gas) and Nitrogen (from the air)

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Question 34

• What will affect the cost of ammonia?

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Answer 34

• labour,

• reaction vessels,

• energy,

• reactants,

• speed of reaction,

• Pollution control.

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Question 35

• What is the electrolyte when electrolysis is used to purify copper?

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Answer 35

• Copper sulfate

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Question 36

• What is a catalyst?

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Answer 36

• A material that increases the rate of a reaction but remains chemically unchanged itself.

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Question 37

• What is meant by a reversible reaction?

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Answer 37

• A reaction that can go in both directions

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Question 38

• What is the word and balanced symbol equation for the Haber process?

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Answer 39 .... of 50

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Question 40

• Give an example of a smart material and its use

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Answer 40

• Nitinol (nickel and titanium). Bends then goes back to original shape when heated

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Question 41

• What is the advantage of universal indicator over litmus paper?

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• Tells you how acidic/alkaline something is according to scale

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Question 42

• What is an alloy? Give an example

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Answer 42

• A mixture of a metal with another metal or with carbon.

• Examples - Steel, amalgam, brass, solder, bronze

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Question 43

• Complete the equation: Hydrochloric acid + Sodium Hydroxide

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Answer 43

• Sodium chloride + water

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Question 44

• What two things are always made in a neutralisation reaction?

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Answer 44

• Water and a salt

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Question 45

• What is a nitrogenous fertiliser? Give two examples

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Answer 45

• Fertiliser containing nitrogen-

• Ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate

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Question46

• What do we use ammonia for?

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Answer 46

• Fertilisers,

• explosives,

• nitric acid (for fertilisers)

• cleaners.

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Question 47

• What is eutrophication?

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Answer 47

• Nitrate or phosphate from fertilisers run off in to lake

• Dissolved fertilisers make algae grow on the surface of the water

• Sunlight cannot reach plants, which stop producing oxygen

• Plants at bottom of lake die, aerobic bacteria use up the oxygen in the water

• Fish die due to lack of oxygen

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Question 48

• How is chlorine extracted from salt water (brine)?

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Answer 48

• Electrolysis of salt water

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Question 49

• What are the 3 essential elements plants need?

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Answer 49

• Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

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Question 50

• Name 2 ways we can extract salt from the Earth

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Answer 50

• Mining rock salt (underground cutting machines)

• Pump water in to a drilled borehole. The water dissolves the salt and is pumped to the surface. The water is then evaporated leaving solid table salt.

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