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FEDERATION EUROPEENNE DES ECOLESEUROPEAN FEDERATION OF SCHOOLSEUROPISCHER SCHULVERBANDFEDERAZIONE EUROPEA DELLE SCUOLEFEDERACION EUROPEA DE CENTROS DOCENTES

Organisation Non Gouvernementale dote du statut participatif auprs du Conseil de lEuropeNGO enjoying participatory status with the Council of Europe

Fdration Europenne Des Ecoles European Federation of Schools Octobre 2010 1/9

UC B4 ANG Ecrit Niveau MASTER Sujet n2

LANGUE VIVANTE EUROPEENNE

ANGLAIS ECRIT

NIVEAU MASTER

Les rponses doivent tre reportes sur la fiche optique

Aucun dictionnaire nest autoris

Type dpreuve : QCM et rdaction

Dure : 1 heure 45

Session : Octobre 2010

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Pour chacune des questions une seule rponse est possible

Barme de notation pour le QCM

Bonne rponse : 3 points

Absence de rponse : 0 point

Rponse errone : - 1 point

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TEXTE DE COMPREHENSION N1

Twitter

Twitter is a mixture of messaging, social networking, "microblogging" and something called "presence,"shorthand for the idea that people should enjoy an "always on" virtual omnipresence.

Twitter's rapid growth made it the object of intense interest and a fair amount of ridicule. But its use in Iran in

the wake of the disputed presidential election of June 2009 to organize protests and disseminate information in

the face of a news media crackdown brought it new respect.

When a user is logged in on Twitter, it asks one simple question, "What are you doing?" Users answer in 140

characters or fewer. And unlike most text messages, tweets are routed among networks of friends. Strangers,

called "followers," can also choose to receive the tweets of people they find interesting.

In 2009, people in Iran created their own searchable tags on Twitter to organize protests against their

governments and share information with each other and the world. In June, Iranian opposition supporters

angry over presidential election results used Twitter and other forms of new media to share news on rallies,police crackdowns on protesters, and analysis.

With the authorities blocking text-messaging on cellphones, Twitter has become a handy alternative for

information-hungry Iranians. While Iran has also tried to block Twitter posts, Iranians are skilled at using

proxy sites or other methods to circumvent the official barriers.

In a notable moment during the Iranian protests, State Department officials e-mailed Twitter to request a

delay in scheduled maintenance of its global network, which would have cut off service while Iranians were

using Twitter to swap information and inform the outside world about the mushrooming protests around

Tehran.

Twitter complied with the request and briefly postponed its upgrade. The episode demonstrated the extent towhich the Obama administration views social networking as a new diplomatic tool. Secretary of State Hillary

Rodham Clinton talks regularly about the power of e-diplomacy, particularly in places where the mass media

are repressed.

Adapted from an article in The New York Times, 15 April 2010

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1. ..."in the wake of disputed presidential election"... means:a. before efforts to organize an electionb. there were problems during the electionc. directly following controversial election results2. What led to major interest in Twitter?a. the rate at which it grewb. a lot of joking about itc. celebrities' daily usage of it3. Tweets are shared with...a. everyone on Twitterb. anyone who wants to see themc. groups with restricted access4. How did Twitter gain respect?a. after being used to support protest efforts in Iranb. by helping the police manage protests in Iranc. after being used by the State Department5. What was the goal of Iranian opposition supporters?a. to call for crackdownsb. to organize analyticsc. to spread information6. The Iranian government...a. successfully prevented citizens from tweetingb. successfully allowed citizens to textc. failed to prevent citizens from accessing Twitter7. "Twitter has become a handy alternative"...means it has become:a. a hand-held deviceb. a convenient optionc. a conventional choice8. How did Twitter respond to the State Department's request to delay network maintenance?a. they complained about the delayb. they agreed to put it offc.

they immediately completed it

9. How does the Obama administration view social networking?a. as quite usefulb. as barely usablec. as essentially useless10. "Where mass media are repressed"...means:a. where media giants dominateb. where media giants rulec. where mainstream media are under government domination

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TEXTE DE COMPREHENSION N2

Facebook Bows to Pressure Over Privacy

Ever since Facebook was founded in 2004, Mark Zuckerberg, its chief executive, has pushed its

users to share more information about themselves. Repeatedly, users have pushed back, complaining

that some new feature or setting violated their privacy.

But the reaction has rarely been as strong as in the last few weeks, as users, privacy advocates and

government officials in many countries lobbed a series of increasingly vociferous complaints against

the company. On Wednesday, Mr. Zuckerberg responded, unveiling a set of controls that he said

would help people better understand what they were sharing online, and with whom.

The back and forth between Facebook and its users over privacy is gaining importance as the

companys growth continues unabated. It now has nearly 500 million users around the world, and itspolicies, more than those of any other company, are helping to define standards for privacy in the

Internet age.

The new settings would simplify a system that required users to sort through about 150 options.

Facebook is trying to change privacy on the Internet, and users are pushing back, said Marc

Rotenberg, executive director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, which recently filed a

complaint about Facebooks privacy practices with the Federal Trade Commission. This is about

who controls the disclosure of data. Facebook cannot make that decision for users.

Mr. Rotenberg and other privacy advocates said the changes that Facebook announced on Wednesday

were generally positive ones, but they said they hoped for further changes and for more oversight

from Congress and regulators.

Mr. Zuckerberg announced the changes during a press conference at Facebooks headquarters here.

He appeared contrite and conceded mistakes, but he did not apologize to users.

He said the new privacy settings, which will show up in users accounts over the next couple of

weeks, would make it easier for users to understand how much of their personal information was

publicly accessible.

Facebook said it would give its users simple controls to determine whether their information was

visible to only friends, friends of friends, or everyone on the Internet. Those settings will be applied

retroactively to everything users have already published on Facebook.

Adapted from an article in The New York Times, 26 May 2010

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11. According to the first paragraph, Mark Zuckerberg's apparent goal is:a. for people to disclose as much personal information as possibleb. for people to disclose as little personal information as possiblec. for people to disclose no personal information12. Facebook users' response to his attitude has been:a. positiveb. negativec. neutral13. Recent reactions have been:a. less notable than beforeb. more vehement than beforec. equal to previous reactions14. Zuckerberg's answer was to:a. refute the need for clearer privacy controlsb. introduce new software upgradesc. comply with requests for clearer privacy controls15. The growth of Facebook is:a. steadily increasingb. unimpressivec. stagnant16. Advocates means:a. lawyersb. barristersc. defenders17. The E.P.I.C. response to the proposed changes was:a. neutral but contentb. positive but guardedc. negative but optimistic18. He appeared contrite and conceded mistakes..." means:a. he looked remorseful and admitted to having made mistakesb. he looked content and denied having made mistakesc.

he looked smug and acknowledged no mistakes

19. The new privacy settings will:a. be immediately visible to all usersb. only apply to Facebook's homepagec. be introduced shortly20. The new settings on Facebook will:a. not be relevant to previous postsb. affect previous postsc. delete all previous posts

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COMPLETER LE TEXTE Pour chaque blanc choisissez une des quatre propositions

Dicing with data

Google and especially Facebook should change the way they look after peoples personal information

Facebook and Google have found (21) in a pickle over privacy. Facebook faces (22) for

making more information about its users (23) by default. Google has been castigated by privacyregulators for (24) data from unsecured Wi-Fi networks as part of a project to capture images of streetsaround the world.

Although the two cases are (25), they have (26) fears that online privacy is being threatened asinternet giants grab as much data as possible. They have provoked calls for (27) action by regulators andgovernments to (28) firms from abusing the personal data they hold. A social-networking expert has even arguedthat Facebook is now so embedded in peoples lives that it should be (29) as a utility.

The firms have fought (30). Facebook claims that most of its users are comfortable with its changes,including one that lets it share detailed customer data with external sites. It has (31) the furor on media

(32); only a few privacy (33) have publicly committed Facebook suicide by closingtheir accounts. Google has (34) for its mistake and says that leaders of its Street View project knew

nothing about the software that allowed its roving vehicles to capture snippets of e-mails.

At (35) most extreme, the attack on Facebook and Google makes little (36). Treating them asutilities seems excessive. They are not essential services that enjoy a local or national monopoly; people who feel their

privacy is being violated are free to leave, though many sites (37) make it hard for them to take their datawith them. A second reason to (38) carefully is that strict regulation could (39) the rapidinnovation in business models that has thrived on the internet. Instead, officials should concentrate on (40)existing privacy rulessomething they seem reassuringly keen to do.

However, even if you distrust government intervention and believe the world has (41) from the sharingof information on the web, there are (42) real grounds for concern. Google claims it discovered that itssoftware had been accidentally recording private information (43) several years only after privacyofficials in Germany demanded that it come clean about the data being collected. That is a stunning admission and

privacy watchdogs are right to investigate that.

Facebooks problem is more (44). The social network has some of the most extensive privacy controls onthe web, but these have now become so complexand are tweaked so oftenthat even privacy experts find them

confusing. The company also has a powerful (45) to push people into revealing more information.Facebook (46) most of its (47) from targeted advertisements based on users demography

and interests, so the more data users share publicly the more money it can mint from ads.

The problem is Facebooks underlying (48) against privacy. It assumes you want to share as much data aspossible; if not, you have to change the settings, which can be tricky. The presumption should be exactly the opposite:

the default should be (49) privacy controls, which users may loosen if they choose. If Facebook fails tosimplify and improve its privacy policy, it will risk the (50) of regulatorsand many more Facebooksuicides.

May 20th 2010 | From The Economist print edition

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21.a. each otherb. themc. themselvesd. theirs22.a. criticals

b. criteriac. critic

d. criticism

23.a. available

b. disposable

c. ready

d. up

24.a. collecting

b. collectioningc. collected

d. collectioned

25.a. equivalent

b. distinct

c. separated

d. apart

26.a. revamped

b. reviewedc. relived

d. revived

27.a. roughest

b. toughest

c. tougher

d. though

28.a. allow

b. preventc. predispose

d. prevalent

29.a. regulated

b. relegated

c. rendered

d. rewound

30.a. up

b. onc. in

d. back

31.a. bloomed

b. believed

c. belied

d. blamed

32.a. hysteria

b. hystericalc. hysteric

d. hysteroid

33.a. fights

b. activists

c. activators

d. fighters

34.a. apologizing

b. apologiesc. apology

d. apologized

35.a. its

b. their

c. a

d. our

36.a. nonsense

b. sensec. sensation

d. sensible

37.a. deliberately

b. purpose

c. purposeful

d. deliberate

38.a. walking

b. walksc. treads

d. tread

39.a. stick

b. stigmatize

c. stifle

d. stiffen

40.a. entrancing

b. entrappingc. enforcing

d. enclosing

41.a. gained

b. heightened

c. measured

d. weighed

42.a. dramatically

b. steadilyc. eventfully

d. plainly

43.a. since

b. for

c. until

d. there are

44.a. fundamental

b. coincidentalc. incidental

d. anecdotal

45.a. quizzical

b. perceptive

c. incentive

d. insightful

46.a. generates

b. ownsc. markets

d. endeavors

47.a. sales

b. incoming

c. cutbacks

d. revenue

48.a. option

b. prejudicec. posture

d. status

49.a. tight

b. tightest

c. tightening

d. tights

50.a. weirdness

b. wealthc. wrath

d. wreath

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ESSAI (sur 70 points)

Discuss the impact of social networking sites on society.

How have sites like Facebook and Twitter changed the way we live and work?

(400 words, +/- 10%, Please provide word count.)

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